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1
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28644440099
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Roles in Sociological Field Observations
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At the extremes of Gold's scheme are the roles of 'complete participant' and 'complete observer'. Both of these involve covert research. Between these extremes are 'participant-as-observer' and 'observer-as-participant'. Given that the role of observer-as-participant 'is used in studies involving one-visit interviews' (p. 221), May is probably right to suggest that we should not, strictly speaking, regard this as participant observation (May, op. cit, n. 2, p. 140.) Most self-proclaiming participant observational researchers would be described by Gold as having adopted the role of the participant-as-observer. Our analysis makes distinctions within this category. See, for example, S. Halliday, 'Judicial Review and Administrative Justice', unpublished PhD thesis, Strathclyde University (1999). See, for example, I. Loveland, Housing Homeless Persons (1995).
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Gold, R.1
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Fitting in: The researcher as learner and participant
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See, also, J. Flood, 'Socio-Legal Ethnography' in Theory and Method in Socio-Legal Research, eds. R. Banakar and M. Travers (2005). See, for example, J. Flood, Barristers Clerks: The Law's Middlemen (1983); C. Hall et al., Telecommunications Regulation: Culture, Chaos and Interdependence inside the Regulatory Process (2000). See S. Halliday Judicial Review and Compliance with Administrative Law (2004). Social Enquiry Reports and Sentencing in Sheriff Courts, ESRC Award R000239939. J. Curran and G. Chambers, Social Enquiry Reports in Scotland (1982); P. Hardiker, Ideologies in Social Inquiry Reports: Final Report to the Social Science Research Council (1975); G. Horsley, The Language of Social Enquiry Reports (1984);
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R. Stebbins Fitting in: the researcher as learner and participant 1987) 21 Quality and Quantity 103 8.
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Quality and Quantity
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Stebbins, R.1
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3
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24144456509
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Assessing the "other": Constructions of "asianness" in Risk Assessments by Probation Officers
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and. S. Brown, Magistrates at Work (1991); E. Burney, Magistrate, Court and Community (1979); Curran and Chambers, id; L. Brown and L. Levy, Social Work and Criminal Justice: Vol. 4 - Sentencer Decision Making (1998). F. Perry, Information for the Court: A New Look at Social Inquiry Reports (1974); S. Rawson, Sentencing Theory, Social Enquiry and Probation Practice (1982); J. Thorpe, Social Inquiry Reports: A Survey (1979); B. Whyte et al., Social Work in the Criminal Justice System in Scotland: Competencies required by the National Objectives and Standards for Social Work Services in the Criminal Justice System (1995).
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B. Hudson and G. Bramhall Assessing the "Other": Constructions of "Asianness" in Risk Assessments by Probation Officers 2005) 45 Brit. J. of Crim. 721 40.
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Hudson, B.1
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4
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The Relationship between Recommendations Made to the Court and Sentences Passed
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and. ;
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J. Thorpe and K. Pease The Relationship Between Recommendations Made to the Court and Sentences Passed 1976) 16 Brit. J. of Crim. 393 4
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Thorpe, J.1
Pease, K.2
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5
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Recommendations, social information and sentencing
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; B. Williams, and A. Creamer, Social Enquiry Within a Changing Sentencing Context (1989); H. Parker et al., Unmasking the Magistrates (1991);
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J. Hine et al. Recommendations, social information and sentencing 1978) 7 (2) Howard J. 91 100
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Hine, J.1
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6
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21844491655
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Quality and Effectiveness in Probation Officers' Reports to Sentencers
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and. ;
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L. Gelsthorpe and P. Raynor Quality and Effectiveness in Probation Officers' Reports to Sentencers 1995) 35 Brit. J. of Crim. 188 200
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Gelsthorpe, L.1
Raynor, P.2
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7
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Pre-Sentence Reports: The Effects of Legislation and National Standards
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;
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M. Cavadino Pre-Sentence Reports: the Effects of Legislation and National Standards 1997) 37 Brit. J. of Crim. 529 48
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Cavadino, M.1
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9
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0034382514
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Reporting to the Scottish Courts: The Quality of Social Enquiry Reports and Custody
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A. Creamer Reporting to the Scottish Courts: The Quality of Social Enquiry Reports and Custody 2000) 28 International J. of the Sociology of Law 1 13.
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Creamer, A.1
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Street-Level Bureaucracy, Social Work and the (Exaggerated) Death of Discretion
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and. ;
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T. Evans and J. Harris Street-Level Bureaucracy, Social Work and the (Exaggerated) Death of Discretion 2004) 34 Brit. J. of Social Work 871 95
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Evans, T.1
Harris, J.2
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11
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42649138130
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Direct Payments and Social Work Practice: The Significance of "street-Level Bureaucracy" in Determining Eligibility
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N. Lacey, 'Introduction: Making Sense of Criminal Justice' in Criminal Justice, ed. N. Lacey (1994) at 5. See, for example, V. Braithwaite, and M. Levi (eds.), Trust and Governance (1998); P. Sztompka, Trust: A Sociological Theory (1999); T. Tyler, and Y. Huo, Trust in the Law: Encouraging Public Co-operation with the Police and the Courts (2002); D. Putnam, Bowling Alone: the Collapse and Revival of American Community (2000); F. Fukuyama, Trust: the Social Virtues and Creation of Prosperity (1995). See, for example, N. Luhmann, 'Familiarity, Confidence, Trust: Problems and Alternatives' in Trust: Making and Breaking Co-operative Relations, ed. D. Gambetta (1988); A. Giddens, The Consequences of Modernity (1990); U. Beck, World Risk Society (1999). Cowan and Halliday, op. cit., n. 15.
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K. Ellis Direct Payments and Social Work Practice: The Significance of "Street-Level Bureaucracy" in Determining Eligibility 2007) 37 Brit. J. of Social Work 405 22.
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Ellis, K.1
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The Emotional Dimension in Legal Regulation
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B. Lange The Emotional Dimension in Legal Regulation 2002) 29 J. of Law and Society 197 225.
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Lange, B.1
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Magistrates Everyday Work and Emotional Labour
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and. Scottish Executive, National Standards for Social Enquiry and Related Reports and Court Based Social Work Services (2000) at para. 5.1. See, for example, K. Hawkins, Law as Last Resort (2002); Maynard-Moody and Musheno, op. cit., n. 16. The data about how judges interpreted this report is contained in Tata, op. cit., n. 22. id. This is discussed further in id. id. A regulatory analysis of criminal justice social work will be explored more fully in a forthcoming publication by S. Halliday et al. R. Banakar, 'Studying Cases Empirically' in Banakar and Travers, op. cit., n. 7.
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S. Roach Anleu and K. Mack Magistrates Everyday Work and Emotional Labour 2005) 32 J. of Law and Society 590 614.
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