메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 37, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 281-292

Climate factors associated with historic spruce beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) outbreaks in Utah and Colorado

Author keywords

Classification and regression tree analysis; Climate; Disturbance ecology; Engelmann spruce; Spruce beetle

Indexed keywords

BEETLE; CHRONOLOGY; CLASSIFICATION; CLIMATE EFFECT; CONIFEROUS TREE; DROUGHT; ECOLOGICAL MODELING; ENVIRONMENTAL DISTURBANCE; HISTORICAL RECORD; POPULATION OUTBREAK; PRECIPITATION ASSESSMENT; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; TREE RING;

EID: 43649106564     PISSN: 0046225X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[281:CFAWHS]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (53)

References (100)
  • 1
    • 43649093478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acciavatti, R. 1975. Biological evaluation, spruce beetle, Jemez Mountains, Santa Fe National Forest, New Mexico. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southwestern Region, Alburquerque, NM. For. Ins. and Dis. Manage. Rep. R-3, 76-12.
    • Acciavatti, R. 1975. Biological evaluation, spruce beetle, Jemez Mountains, Santa Fe National Forest, New Mexico. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southwestern Region, Alburquerque, NM. For. Ins. and Dis. Manage. Rep. R-3, 76-12.
  • 2
    • 43649090752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acciavatti, R. 1977. Biological evaluation, spruce beetle, Jemez Mountains, Santa Fe National Forest, New Mexico. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southwestern Region, Alburquerque, NM. For. Ins. and Dis. Manage. Rep. R-3, 77-6.
    • Acciavatti, R. 1977. Biological evaluation, spruce beetle, Jemez Mountains, Santa Fe National Forest, New Mexico. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southwestern Region, Alburquerque, NM. For. Ins. and Dis. Manage. Rep. R-3, 77-6.
  • 3
    • 0002967028 scopus 로고
    • The role of mountain pine beetle in lodgepole pine ecosystems; impact on succession
    • W. J. Mattson ed, Springer, New York
    • Amman, G. D. 1977. The role of mountain pine beetle in lodgepole pine ecosystems; impact on succession, pp. 3-18. In W. J. Mattson (ed.), Arthropods in forest ecosystems: proceedings in life sciences. Springer, New York.
    • (1977) Arthropods in forest ecosystems: Proceedings in life sciences , pp. 3-18
    • Amman, G.D.1
  • 4
    • 0000888613 scopus 로고
    • Mountain pine beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) mortality in three types of infestations
    • Amman, G. D. 1984. Mountain pine beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) mortality in three types of infestations. Environ. Entomol. 13: 184-191.
    • (1984) Environ. Entomol , vol.13 , pp. 184-191
    • Amman, G.D.1
  • 5
    • 43649086485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anhold, J. 1987. A biological evaluation of spruce beetle populations, Big Cottonwood Canyon, Salt Lake Ranger District, Wasatch-Cache National Forest. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Intermountain Region, Ogden, UT. For. Pest Manage. Rep. R4-87-6.
    • Anhold, J. 1987. A biological evaluation of spruce beetle populations, Big Cottonwood Canyon, Salt Lake Ranger District, Wasatch-Cache National Forest. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Intermountain Region, Ogden, UT. For. Pest Manage. Rep. R4-87-6.
  • 6
    • 43649101318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anhold. J., V. DeBlander, and D. Hansen. 1992. A biological evaluation of spruce beetle activity in the Neff's management area, Fishlake National Forest, Loa RD, 1992. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Intermountain Region, Ogden, UT. For. Pest Manage. Rep. R4-93-01.
    • Anhold. J., V. DeBlander, and D. Hansen. 1992. A biological evaluation of spruce beetle activity in the Neff's management area, Fishlake National Forest, Loa RD, 1992. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Intermountain Region, Ogden, UT. For. Pest Manage. Rep. R4-93-01.
  • 7
    • 43649097162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anonymous. 1956. Spruce bark beetle infestation, northern Idaho and western Montana: control and salvage, plans for 1956. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Northern Region, Missoula, MT. Progress Report, Unnumbered.
    • Anonymous. 1956. Spruce bark beetle infestation, northern Idaho and western Montana: control and salvage, plans for 1956. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Northern Region, Missoula, MT. Progress Report, Unnumbered.
  • 9
    • 1542452530 scopus 로고
    • Weather as a factor in southern pine beetle control
    • Beal, J. A. 1927. Weather as a factor in southern pine beetle control. J. Forestry 25: 741-742.
    • (1927) J. Forestry , vol.25 , pp. 741-742
    • Beal, J.A.1
  • 10
    • 43649093622 scopus 로고
    • Appraisal survey, Engelmann spruce beetle conditions, Mt. Baldy Reserved Area and Mt
    • AZ. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southwestern Region, Alburquerque, NM. Unnumbered Report
    • Bennett, R. K. 1954. Appraisal survey, Engelmann spruce beetle conditions, Mt. Baldy Reserved Area and Mt. Baldy Wild Area, Fort Apache Indian Reservation and Apache National Forest, AZ. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southwestern Region, Alburquerque, NM. Unnumbered Report.
    • (1954) Baldy Wild Area, Fort Apache Indian Reservation and Apache National Forest
    • Bennett, R.K.1
  • 11
    • 0032878112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecology of mountain pine beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) cold hardening in the Intermountain west
    • Bentz, B. J., and D. E. Mullins. 1999. Ecology of mountain pine beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) cold hardening in the Intermountain west. Environ. Entomol. 28: 576-587.
    • (1999) Environ. Entomol , vol.28 , pp. 576-587
    • Bentz, B.J.1    Mullins, D.E.2
  • 12
    • 0006080649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bentz, B. J., and A. S. Munson. 2000. Spruce beetle population suppression in northern Utah. Wes. J. Appl. For. 15: 122-128.
    • Bentz, B. J., and A. S. Munson. 2000. Spruce beetle population suppression in northern Utah. Wes. J. Appl. For. 15: 122-128.
  • 13
    • 0026399490 scopus 로고
    • Temperature-dependent development of the mountain pine beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and simulation of its phenology
    • Bentz, B. J., J. A. Logan, and G. D. Amman. 1991. Temperature-dependent development of the mountain pine beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and simulation of its phenology. Can. Entomol. 123: 1083-1094.
    • (1991) Can. Entomol , vol.123 , pp. 1083-1094
    • Bentz, B.J.1    Logan, J.A.2    Amman, G.D.3
  • 14
    • 43649091916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Berg, E. 1999. Climate change on the Kenai Peninsula. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska, Soldotna, AK. Ext. Rep. Version 1.22
    • Berg, E. 1999. Climate change on the Kenai Peninsula. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska, Soldotna, AK. Ext. Rep. Version 1.22.
  • 15
    • 0011285973 scopus 로고
    • The effect of deficiency and excess in rainfall upon the hickory bark beetle
    • Blackman, M. W. 1924. The effect of deficiency and excess in rainfall upon the hickory bark beetle. J. Econ. Entomol. 17: 460-470.
    • (1924) J. Econ. Entomol , vol.17 , pp. 460-470
    • Blackman, M.W.1
  • 18
    • 24144440652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of climate change on range expansion by the mountain pine beetle in British Columbia
    • T. L. Shore, J. E. Brooks, and J. E. Stone eds, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
    • Carroll, A. L., S. W. Taylor, J. Régnière, and L. Safranyik. 2003. Effects of climate change on range expansion by the mountain pine beetle in British Columbia, pp. 298. In T. L. Shore, J. E. Brooks, and J. E. Stone (eds.), Mountain pine beetle symposium: cfhallenges and solutions. Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
    • (2003) Mountain pine beetle symposium: Cfhallenges and solutions , pp. 298
    • Carroll, A.L.1    Taylor, S.W.2    Régnière, J.3    Safranyik, L.4
  • 19
    • 0542432140 scopus 로고
    • Interpreting some mortality factor interactions within mountain pine beetle broods
    • Cole, W. E. 1975. Interpreting some mortality factor interactions within mountain pine beetle broods. Environ. Entomol. 4: 97-102.
    • (1975) Environ. Entomol , vol.4 , pp. 97-102
    • Cole, W.E.1
  • 20
    • 51249184514 scopus 로고
    • Some risks and causes of mortality in mountain pine beetle populations: A long-term analysis
    • Cole, W. E. 1981. Some risks and causes of mortality in mountain pine beetle populations: a long-term analysis. Res. Pop. Ecol. 23: 116-114.
    • (1981) Res. Pop. Ecol , vol.23 , pp. 116-114
    • Cole, W.E.1
  • 21
    • 0033117522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drought reconstructions for the continental United States
    • Cook, E. R., D. M. Meko, D. W. Stahle, and M. K. Cleaveland. 1998. Drought reconstructions for the continental United States. J. Climate 12: 1145-1162.
    • (1998) J. Climate , vol.12 , pp. 1145-1162
    • Cook, E.R.1    Meko, D.M.2    Stahle, D.W.3    Cleaveland, M.K.4
  • 22
    • 84953156100 scopus 로고
    • Historical and anticipated changes in forest ecosystems of the inland west of the United States
    • Covington, W. W., R. L. Everett, F. Steele, L. L. Irwin, T. A. Daer, and A.N.D. Auclair. 1994. Historical and anticipated changes in forest ecosystems of the inland west of the United States. J. Sus. For. 2: 13-63.
    • (1994) J. Sus. For , vol.2 , pp. 13-63
    • Covington, W.W.1    Everett, R.L.2    Steele, F.3    Irwin, L.L.4    Daer, T.A.5    Auclair, A.N.D.6
  • 23
    • 0000398093 scopus 로고
    • Bark beetle outbreaks and rainfall deficiency
    • Craighead, F. C. 1925. Bark beetle outbreaks and rainfall deficiency. J. Econ. Entomol. 18: 577-586.
    • (1925) J. Econ. Entomol , vol.18 , pp. 577-586
    • Craighead, F.C.1
  • 24
    • 3042648603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Doak, P. 2004. The impact of tree and stand characteristics on spruce beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) induced mortality of white spruce in the Copper River Basin, Alaska. Can. J. For. Res. 34: 810-816.
    • Doak, P. 2004. The impact of tree and stand characteristics on spruce beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) induced mortality of white spruce in the Copper River Basin, Alaska. Can. J. For. Res. 34: 810-816.
  • 25
    • 0002162178 scopus 로고
    • Influence of temperature inversion of development of spruce beetle, Dendroctonus obesus (Mannerheim) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)
    • Dyer, E.D.A. 1969. Influence of temperature inversion of development of spruce beetle, Dendroctonus obesus (Mannerheim) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). J. Entomol. Soc. Br. Columbia 66: 41-45.
    • (1969) J. Entomol. Soc. Br. Columbia , vol.66 , pp. 41-45
    • Dyer, E.D.A.1
  • 26
    • 0000018054 scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting larval diapause in Dendroctonus rufipennnis (Mannerheim) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)
    • Dyer, E.D.A., and P. M. Hall. 1977. Factors affecting larval diapause in Dendroctonus rufipennnis (Mannerheim) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Can. Entomol. 109: 1485-1490.
    • (1977) Can. Entomol , vol.109 , pp. 1485-1490
    • Dyer, E.D.A.1    Hall, P.M.2
  • 27
    • 0035126064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) outbreak in Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) in central Utah, 1986-1998. W. North
    • Dymerski, A. D., J. A. Anhold, and A. S. Munson. 2001. Spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) outbreak in Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) in central Utah, 1986-1998. W. North Am. Nat. 61: 19-24.
    • (2001) Am. Nat , vol.61 , pp. 19-24
    • Dymerski, A.D.1    Anhold, J.A.2    Munson, A.S.3
  • 28
    • 43649099803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eglitis, A., E. H. Holsten, and W. Doty. 1982. Biological evaluation: spruce beetle, Glacier National Park. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Alaska Region, Anchorage, AK. For. Ins. and Dis Manage. Rep. R10-82-1.
    • Eglitis, A., E. H. Holsten, and W. Doty. 1982. Biological evaluation: spruce beetle, Glacier National Park. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Alaska Region, Anchorage, AK. For. Ins. and Dis Manage. Rep. R10-82-1.
  • 30
    • 0242376151 scopus 로고
    • Spruce beetle winter mortality resulting from record low temperatures in Arizona
    • Frye, R. H., H. W. Flake, and C. J. Germain. 1974. Spruce beetle winter mortality resulting from record low temperatures in Arizona. Environ. Entomol. 3: 752-754.
    • (1974) Environ. Entomol , vol.3 , pp. 752-754
    • Frye, R.H.1    Flake, H.W.2    Germain, C.J.3
  • 31
    • 43649100198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Furniss, M. M., and P. W. Orr. 1978. Douglas-fir beetle. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Washington, DC. For. Ins. Dis. Leaflet No. 5.
    • Furniss, M. M., and P. W. Orr. 1978. Douglas-fir beetle. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Washington, DC. For. Ins. Dis. Leaflet No. 5.
  • 32
    • 43649108471 scopus 로고
    • Utah, September, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Ogden, UT, Unnumbered Report
    • Furniss, R. L. 1940. Memorandum on forest insects on the Dixie National Forest, Utah, September 1940. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Ogden, UT, Unnumbered Report.
    • (1940) Memorandum on forest insects on the Dixie National Forest
    • Furniss, R.L.1
  • 33
    • 43649095777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Furniss, R. L., and V. M. Carolin. 1977. Western forest insects. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Washington, DC. MISC. Pub. No. 1339.
    • Furniss, R. L., and V. M. Carolin. 1977. Western forest insects. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Washington, DC. MISC. Pub. No. 1339.
  • 34
    • 1542471823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk and damage of southern pine beetle outbreaks under global climate change
    • Gan, J. 2003. Risk and damage of southern pine beetle outbreaks under global climate change. For. Ecol. Manag. 191: 61-71.
    • (2003) For. Ecol. Manag , vol.191 , pp. 61-71
    • Gan, J.1
  • 38
    • 0024225198 scopus 로고
    • Foliage loss due to snow, wind, and winter drying damage: Its effects on leaf biomass of some western conifer forests
    • Grier, C. C. 1988. Foliage loss due to snow, wind, and winter drying damage: its effects on leaf biomass of some western conifer forests. Can. J. For. Res. 18: 1097-1102.
    • (1988) Can. J. For. Res , vol.18 , pp. 1097-1102
    • Grier, C.C.1
  • 39
    • 43649105822 scopus 로고
    • Environmental factors associated with outbreaks by the western pine beetle and the California five-spined engraver in California
    • Hall, R. C. 1958. Environmental factors associated with outbreaks by the western pine beetle and the California five-spined engraver in California. Int. Congress. Entomol. Proc. 4: 341-347.
    • (1958) Int. Congress. Entomol. Proc , vol.4 , pp. 341-347
    • Hall, R.C.1
  • 40
    • 0035682675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature-based model for predicting univoltine brood proportions in spruce beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)
    • Hansen, E. M., B. J. Bentz, and D. L. Turner. 2001a. Temperature-based model for predicting univoltine brood proportions in spruce beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Can. Entomol. 133: 827-841.
    • (2001) Can. Entomol , vol.133 , pp. 827-841
    • Hansen, E.M.1    Bentz, B.J.2    Turner, D.L.3
  • 41
    • 0035685934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological basis for flexible voltinism in the spruce beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)
    • Hansen, E. M., B. J. Bentz, and D. L. Turner. 2001b. Physiological basis for flexible voltinism in the spruce beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Can. Entomol. 133: 805-817.
    • (2001) Can. Entomol , vol.133 , pp. 805-817
    • Hansen, E.M.1    Bentz, B.J.2    Turner, D.L.3
  • 42
    • 0022174051 scopus 로고
    • Spruce beetles attack slowly growing spruce
    • Hard, J. S. 1985. Spruce beetles attack slowly growing spruce. For. Sci. 31: 839-850.
    • (1985) For. Sci , vol.31 , pp. 839-850
    • Hard, J.S.1
  • 43
    • 35348859513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hebertson, E. G., and M. J. Jenkins. 2007. The influence of fallen tree timing spruce beetle brood production. W. North Am. Nat. 67: 452-460.
    • Hebertson, E. G., and M. J. Jenkins. 2007. The influence of fallen tree timing spruce beetle brood production. W. North Am. Nat. 67: 452-460.
  • 44
    • 43649086765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holland, D. G. 1983. Biological evaluation of spruce beetle in Mill Hollow Heber RD, Uinta NF - 1981. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Intermountain Region, Forest Pest Management, Ogden, UT. For. Pest Manage Rep. R-4 83-4.
    • Holland, D. G. 1983. Biological evaluation of spruce beetle in Mill Hollow Heber RD, Uinta NF - 1981. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Intermountain Region, Forest Pest Management, Ogden, UT. For. Pest Manage Rep. R-4 83-4.
  • 45
    • 43649096882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holsten, E. H., R. W. Thier, A. S. Munson, and K. E. Gibson. 1999. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Washington, DC. For. Ins. Dis. Leaflet No. 127.
    • Holsten, E. H., R. W. Thier, A. S. Munson, and K. E. Gibson. 1999. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Washington, DC. For. Ins. Dis. Leaflet No. 127.
  • 46
    • 0042824622 scopus 로고
    • Practical information on the scolytid beetles of North American forests
    • U.S. Bureau of Entomology, Washington, DC, Part I
    • Hopkins, A. D. 1909. Practical information on the scolytid beetles of North American forests. Bark beetles of the genus Dendroctonus. U.S. Bureau of Entomology, Washington, DC. Bull. 83, Part I: 126-132.
    • (1909) Bull. Bark beetles of the genus Dendroctonus , vol.83 , pp. 126-132
    • Hopkins, A.D.1
  • 47
    • 0004900808 scopus 로고
    • Observations on outbreaks and the control of mountain pine beetle in the lodgepole pine stands of western
    • Hopping, G. R., and W. G. Mathers. 1950. Observations on outbreaks and the control of mountain pine beetle in the lodgepole pine stands of western Canada. For. Chron. 21: 1-11.
    • (1950) Canada. For. Chron , vol.21 , pp. 1-11
    • Hopping, G.R.1    Mathers, W.G.2
  • 48
    • 4244038864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postfire succession and disturbance interactions on an intermountain subalpine spruce-fir forest
    • R. L. Pruden and L. A. Brennan eds, Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, FL
    • Jenkins, M. J., C. A. Dicus, and E. G. Hebertson. 1998. Postfire succession and disturbance interactions on an intermountain subalpine spruce-fir forest, pp. 219-229. In R. L. Pruden and L. A. Brennan (eds.). Fire in ecosystem management: shifting the paradigm form suppression to prescription. Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, FL.
    • (1998) Fire in ecosystem management: Shifting the paradigm form suppression to prescription , pp. 219-229
    • Jenkins, M.J.1    Dicus, C.A.2    Hebertson, E.G.3
  • 50
    • 43649090076 scopus 로고
    • The influence of temperature and moisture on the overwintering mortality of the Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), in Western Washington
    • Johnson, N. E. 1967. The influence of temperature and moisture on the overwintering mortality of the Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), in Western Washington. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 60: 199-204.
    • (1967) Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am , vol.60 , pp. 199-204
    • Johnson, N.E.1
  • 51
    • 43649092208 scopus 로고
    • Report on insect survey, Sevier Division, Dixie National Forest, fall 1937, Cedar City, UT. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Intermountain Region, Ogden, UT
    • Jones, J. 1937. Report on insect survey, Sevier Division, Dixie National Forest, fall 1937, Cedar City, UT. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Intermountain Region, Ogden, UT. Unnumbered Report.
    • (1937) Unnumbered Report
    • Jones, J.1
  • 52
    • 0022843386 scopus 로고
    • A model to estimate the time of observation bias associated with monthly mean maximum, minimum, and mean temperatures for the United States
    • Karl, T. R., C. N. Williams, Jr., P. J. Young, and W. M. Wendland. 1986. A model to estimate the time of observation bias associated with monthly mean maximum, minimum, and mean temperatures for the United States. J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol. 25: 145-160.
    • (1986) J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol , vol.25 , pp. 145-160
    • Karl, T.R.1    Williams Jr., C.N.2    Young, P.J.3    Wendland, W.M.4
  • 53
    • 43649097160 scopus 로고
    • U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Intermountain Region, Ogden, UT. Forest Pest Control Rep. Unnumbered
    • Klein, W. H. 1967. Forest insect conditions on the Fishlake National Forest, 1967. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Intermountain Region, Ogden, UT. Forest Pest Control Rep. Unnumbered.
    • (1967) Forest insect conditions on the Fishlake National Forest, 1967
    • Klein, W.H.1
  • 54
    • 43649100902 scopus 로고
    • Utah, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Intermountain Region, Ogden, UT. For. Pest Manage. Bio. Eval. Unnumbered Report
    • Klein, W. H. 1971. Engelmann spruce beetle infestations, Fishlake National Forest, Region Four, Utah, 1971. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Intermountain Region, Ogden, UT. For. Pest Manage. Bio. Eval. Unnumbered Report.
    • (1971) Engelmann spruce beetle infestations, Fishlake National Forest, Region Four
    • Klein, W.H.1
  • 55
    • 43649093477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Knapp, K. 1985. Forest insect and disease conditions in the Intermountain Region during 1984. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Intermountain Region, Ogden, UT. For. Pest. Manage Rep. Unnumbered.
    • Knapp, K. 1985. Forest insect and disease conditions in the Intermountain Region during 1984. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Intermountain Region, Ogden, UT. For. Pest. Manage Rep. Unnumbered.
  • 56
    • 43649088646 scopus 로고
    • Colorado. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Administration, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Division of Forest Insect Investigations, Forest Insect Laboratory, Ft. Collins, CO. Unnumbered Report
    • Knight, F. B. 1953. Engelmann spruce beetle conditions: Routt, Arapaho, and White River National Forests, Colorado. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Administration, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Division of Forest Insect Investigations, Forest Insect Laboratory, Ft. Collins, CO. Unnumbered Report.
    • (1953) Engelmann spruce beetle conditions: Routt, Arapaho, and White River National Forests
    • Knight, F.B.1
  • 57
    • 0001531388 scopus 로고
    • Variations in the life history of the Engelmann spruce beetle
    • Knight, F. B. 1961. Variations in the life history of the Engelmann spruce beetle. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 54: 209-214.
    • (1961) Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am , vol.54 , pp. 209-214
    • Knight, F.B.1
  • 58
    • 43649098605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Knight, F. B., and W. F. McCambridge. 1952. Engelmann spruce beetle conditions: Routt, Arapaho, and White River National Forests, Colorado, 1952. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Administration, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Division of Forest Insect Investigations, Forest Insect Laboratory, Ft. Collins, CO. RX-INF.
    • Knight, F. B., and W. F. McCambridge. 1952. Engelmann spruce beetle conditions: Routt, Arapaho, and White River National Forests, Colorado, 1952. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Administration, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Division of Forest Insect Investigations, Forest Insect Laboratory, Ft. Collins, CO. RX-INF.
  • 59
    • 43649095279 scopus 로고
    • U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Branch of Forest Insect and Disease Prevention and Control, Division of Timber Management, Intermountain Region, Ogden, UT
    • Knopf, J.A.E. 1962. Engelmann spruce conditions. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Branch of Forest Insect and Disease Prevention and Control, Division of Timber Management, Intermountain Region, Ogden, UT. R-4, 5230.
    • (1962) Engelmann spruce conditions , vol.R-4 , pp. 5230
    • Knopf, J.A.E.1
  • 61
    • 0001850043 scopus 로고
    • Water supply and tree growth: Part I water deficits
    • Kozlowski, T. T. 1982. Water supply and tree growth: part I water deficits. For. Abs. 43: 57-95.
    • (1982) For. Abs , vol.43 , pp. 57-95
    • Kozlowski, T.T.1
  • 62
    • 43649091549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lessard, G. D. 1976. The occurrence and control of the spruce beetle in the southwestern region. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southwestern Region, Alburquerque, NM. For Ins. and Dis. Manage. Rep. R-3 76-26.
    • Lessard, G. D. 1976. The occurrence and control of the spruce beetle in the southwestern region. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southwestern Region, Alburquerque, NM. For Ins. and Dis. Manage. Rep. R-3 76-26.
  • 63
    • 43649088364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linnane, J. P. 1985. Biological evaluation: spruce beetle, population trend and tree losses, Fort Apache Indian Reservation, Arizona. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southwest Region, Alburquerque, NM. For. Health Prot. Rep. R-3 85-5.
    • Linnane, J. P. 1985. Biological evaluation: spruce beetle, population trend and tree losses, Fort Apache Indian Reservation, Arizona. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southwest Region, Alburquerque, NM. For. Health Prot. Rep. R-3 85-5.
  • 64
    • 0011577070 scopus 로고
    • Refinement of the lethal trap tree method for spruce beetle control
    • Lister, C. K., J. M. Schmid, C. D. Minnemeyer, and R. H. Frye. 1976. Refinement of the lethal trap tree method for spruce beetle control. J. Econ. Entomol. 69: 415-418.
    • (1976) J. Econ. Entomol , vol.69 , pp. 415-418
    • Lister, C.K.1    Schmid, J.M.2    Minnemeyer, C.D.3    Frye, R.H.4
  • 65
    • 21244469142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A method for estimating vulnerability of Douglas-fir growth to climate change in the northwestern U
    • Littell, J. S., and D. L. Peterson. 2005. A method for estimating vulnerability of Douglas-fir growth to climate change in the northwestern U.S. For. Chron. 81: 369-374.
    • (2005) S. For. Chron , vol.81 , pp. 369-374
    • Littell, J.S.1    Peterson, D.L.2
  • 66
    • 85048564885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghost forests, global warming, and the mountain pine beetle
    • Logan, J. A., and J. A. Powell. 2001. Ghost forests, global warming, and the mountain pine beetle. Am. Entomol. 47: 160-173.
    • (2001) Am. Entomol , vol.47 , pp. 160-173
    • Logan, J.A.1    Powell, J.A.2
  • 67
    • 0344895700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the impacts of global warming on forest pest dynamics
    • Logan, J. A., J. Régnière, and J. A. Powell. 2003. Assessing the impacts of global warming on forest pest dynamics. Front. Ecol. Environ. 1: 130-137.
    • (2003) Front. Ecol. Environ , vol.1 , pp. 130-137
    • Logan, J.A.1    Régnière, J.2    Powell, J.A.3
  • 68
    • 0028978367 scopus 로고
    • Environment and ontogeny modify loblolly pine response to induced acute water deficits and bark beetle attack
    • Lorio, P. L., F. W. Stephen, Jr., and T. D. Paine. 1995. Environment and ontogeny modify loblolly pine response to induced acute water deficits and bark beetle attack. For. Ecol. Manag. 73: 97-110.
    • (1995) For. Ecol. Manag , vol.73 , pp. 97-110
    • Lorio, P.L.1    Stephen Jr., F.W.2    Paine, T.D.3
  • 69
    • 43649103158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Massey, C. L., and N. D. Wygant. 1954. Biology and control of the Engelmann spruce beetle in Colorado. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC. Circular 944.
    • Massey, C. L., and N. D. Wygant. 1954. Biology and control of the Engelmann spruce beetle in Colorado. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC. Circular 944.
  • 70
    • 43649094302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Matthews, K., V. DeBlander, L. Pederson, P. Mocettini, and D. Halsey. 2005. Forest insect and disease conditions report 2002-2004. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Intermountain Region, Ogden, UT. For. Health Prot. Rep. R4-OFO-TR-05-12.
    • Matthews, K., V. DeBlander, L. Pederson, P. Mocettini, and D. Halsey. 2005. Forest insect and disease conditions report 2002-2004. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Intermountain Region, Ogden, UT. For. Health Prot. Rep. R4-OFO-TR-05-12.
  • 71
    • 0000913895 scopus 로고
    • The role of drought in outbreaks of plant-eating insects: Droughts physiological effects on plants can predict its influence on insect populations
    • Mattson, W. J., and R. A. Haack. 1987. The role of drought in outbreaks of plant-eating insects: droughts physiological effects on plants can predict its influence on insect populations. Bioscience 37: 110-118.
    • (1987) Bioscience , vol.37 , pp. 110-118
    • Mattson, W.J.1    Haack, R.A.2
  • 72
  • 73
    • 43649085089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • McGregor, M. D., and F. W. Honing. 1970. Evaluation of spruce beetle, Dendroctonus obesus Mann. Northern Region, 1969. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Northern Region, Missoula, MT. R-4 5230.
    • McGregor, M. D., and F. W. Honing. 1970. Evaluation of spruce beetle, Dendroctonus obesus Mann. Northern Region, 1969. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Northern Region, Missoula, MT. R-4 5230.
  • 74
    • 0006589076 scopus 로고
    • Rate of deterioration of beetle-killed Engelmann spruce
    • Mielke, J. L. 1950. Rate of deterioration of beetle-killed Engelmann spruce. J. For. 48: 882-889.
    • (1950) J. For , vol.48 , pp. 882-889
    • Mielke, J.L.1
  • 75
    • 43649086484 scopus 로고
    • U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region Portland, OR. Insect and Disease Training Aid
    • Miller, D. R. 1970. Weather damage. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region Portland, OR. Insect and Disease Training Aid.
    • (1970) Weather damage
    • Miller, D.R.1
  • 76
    • 43649088516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Munson, A. S., and V. DeBlander. 1992. A biological evaluation of spruce beetle activity on Midway Face, Dixie National Forest, Cedar RD, 1992. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Intermountain Region, Ogden, UT. For. Pest Manage. Rep. R4-92-03.
    • Munson, A. S., and V. DeBlander. 1992. A biological evaluation of spruce beetle activity on Midway Face, Dixie National Forest, Cedar RD, 1992. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Intermountain Region, Ogden, UT. For. Pest Manage. Rep. R4-92-03.
  • 77
    • 43649097443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time-biased corrected divisional temperature-precipitation drought index. National Climate Data Center, Asheville, NC
    • National Climate Data Center [NCDC]. 1994. Time-biased corrected divisional temperature-precipitation drought index. National Climate Data Center, Asheville, NC.
    • National Climate Data Center [NCDC]. 1994
  • 78
    • 0030938243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions among scolytid bark beetles, and live host conifers
    • Paine, T. D., K. F. Raffa, and T. C. Harrington. 1997. Interactions among scolytid bark beetles, and live host conifers. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 42: 179-206.
    • (1997) Annu. Rev. Entomol , vol.42 , pp. 179-206
    • Paine, T.D.1    Raffa, K.F.2    Harrington, T.C.3
  • 80
    • 43649085500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rehfeldt, G. E. 2004. Interspecific and intraspecific variation in Picea engelmannii and its congeneric cohorts: biosystematics, genecology, and climate change. U.S. Deparment of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ft. Collins, CO. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-134.
    • Rehfeldt, G. E. 2004. Interspecific and intraspecific variation in Picea engelmannii and its congeneric cohorts: biosystematics, genecology, and climate change. U.S. Deparment of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ft. Collins, CO. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-134.
  • 81
    • 0028165844 scopus 로고
    • Relative importance of risk factors for spruce beetle outbreaks
    • Reynolds, K. M., and E. H. Holsten. 1994. Relative importance of risk factors for spruce beetle outbreaks. Can. J. For. Res. 24: 2089-2095.
    • (1994) Can. J. For. Res , vol.24 , pp. 2089-2095
    • Reynolds, K.M.1    Holsten, E.H.2
  • 82
    • 43649099658 scopus 로고
    • U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Intermountain Region, Ogden, UT. Unnumbered Report
    • Rice, W. 1944. Annual insect report, R4, 1944. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Intermountain Region, Ogden, UT. Unnumbered Report.
    • (1944) Annual insect report
    • Rice, W.1
  • 84
    • 0142178175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment and response to bark beetle outbreaks in the Rocky Mountain area. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ogden, UT. Gen
    • Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-62
    • Samman, S., and J. A. Logan. 2000. Assessment and response to bark beetle outbreaks in the Rocky Mountain area. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ogden, UT. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-62.
    • (2000)
    • Samman, S.1    Logan, J.A.2
  • 85
    • 43649102606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schmid, J. M. 1981. Spruce beetles in blowdown. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ft Collins, CO. Res. Note RM-411.
    • Schmid, J. M. 1981. Spruce beetles in blowdown. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ft Collins, CO. Res. Note RM-411.
  • 86
    • 43649101879 scopus 로고
    • Biological evaluation of spruce beetle mortality, Wolf Creek Pass, CO. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, CO
    • Schmid, J. M., and R. H. Frye. 1972. Biological evaluation of spruce beetle mortality, Wolf Creek Pass, CO. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, CO. Unnumbered Report.
    • (1972) Unnumbered Report
    • Schmid, J.M.1    Frye, R.H.2
  • 87
    • 0003426251 scopus 로고
    • U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ft. Collins, CO. Res. Paper RM-131
    • Schmid, J. M., and T. E. Hinds. 1974. Development of spruce-fir stands following spruce beetle outbreaks. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ft. Collins, CO. Res. Paper RM-131.
    • (1974) Development of spruce-fir stands following spruce beetle outbreaks
    • Schmid, J.M.1    Hinds, T.E.2
  • 88
    • 43649101029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schmid, J. M., and R. H. Frye. 1976. Stand ratings for spruce beetles. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ft. Collins, CO. Res. Note RM-309.
    • Schmid, J. M., and R. H. Frye. 1976. Stand ratings for spruce beetles. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ft. Collins, CO. Res. Note RM-309.
  • 89
    • 43649095775 scopus 로고
    • Spruce beetle in the Rockies. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ft. Collins, CO. Gen
    • Tech. Rep. RM-49
    • Schmid, J. M., and R. H. Frye. 1977. Spruce beetle in the Rockies. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ft. Collins, CO. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-49.
    • (1977)
    • Schmid, J.M.1    Frye, R.H.2
  • 90
    • 27344448717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest inventory and analysis (FIA) annual inventory answers the question: What is happening to pinyon-juniper woodlands?
    • Shaw, J. D., B. E. Steed, and L. T. DeBlander. 2005. Forest inventory and analysis (FIA) annual inventory answers the question: what is happening to pinyon-juniper woodlands? J. For. 103: 280-284.
    • (2005) J. For , vol.103 , pp. 280-284
    • Shaw, J.D.1    Steed, B.E.2    DeBlander, L.T.3
  • 91
    • 43649108140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snyder, C. 2006. Forest health conditions in Alaska - 2005. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Alaska Region, Anchorage, AK-RtO-PR-5.
    • Snyder, C. 2006. Forest health conditions in Alaska - 2005. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Alaska Region, Anchorage, AK-RtO-PR-5.
  • 93
    • 43649092345 scopus 로고
    • U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Administration, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Division of Forest Insect Investigations, Forest Insect Laboratory, Coeur d'Alene, ID. RX-INT
    • Terrell, T. T. 1952. Engelmann spruce beetle outbreak in the Northern Rocky Mountains. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Administration, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Division of Forest Insect Investigations, Forest Insect Laboratory, Coeur d'Alene, ID. RX-INT.
    • (1952) Engelmann spruce beetle outbreak in the Northern Rocky Mountains
    • Terrell, T.T.1
  • 94
    • 0028175385 scopus 로고
    • Disturbance regime and disturbance interactions in a Rocky Mountain subalpine forest
    • Veblen, T. T., K. S. Hadley, E. M. Nel, R. Kitzberger, and R. Villalba. 1994. Disturbance regime and disturbance interactions in a Rocky Mountain subalpine forest. J. Ecol. 82: 125-135.
    • (1994) J. Ecol , vol.82 , pp. 125-135
    • Veblen, T.T.1    Hadley, K.S.2    Nel, E.M.3    Kitzberger, R.4    Villalba, R.5
  • 95
    • 43649085088 scopus 로고
    • Engelmann spruce beetle conditions: Unita, Ashley, Wasatch National Forests, appraisal survey. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Division of Forest Insect Research Report, Ogden, UT. Div. For. Ins. Res
    • Rep. M-5123
    • Washburn, R. I., and J.A.E. Knopf. 1958. Engelmann spruce beetle conditions: Unita, Ashley, Wasatch National Forests, appraisal survey. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Division of Forest Insect Research Report, Ogden, UT. Div. For. Ins. Res. Rep. M-5123.
    • (1958)
    • Washburn, R.I.1    Knopf, J.A.E.2
  • 96
    • 0022239068 scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing generation times of spruce beetles in Alaska
    • Werner, R. A., and E. H. Holsten. 1985. Factors influencing generation times of spruce beetles in Alaska. Can. J. For. Res. 15: 438-443.
    • (1985) Can. J. For. Res , vol.15 , pp. 438-443
    • Werner, R.A.1    Holsten, E.H.2
  • 97
    • 0003630723 scopus 로고
    • The spruce beetle in white spruce forests of Alaska. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR. Gen
    • Tech. Rep. PNW-61
    • Werner, R. A., B. H. Baker, and P. A. Rush. 1977. The spruce beetle in white spruce forests of Alaska. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-61.
    • (1977)
    • Werner, R.A.1    Baker, B.H.2    Rush, P.A.3
  • 98
    • 0036100253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change and outbreak ranges of two North American bark beetles
    • Williams, D., and A. Liebold. 2002. Climate change and outbreak ranges of two North American bark beetles. Agric. For. Entomol. 4: 87-99.
    • (2002) Agric. For. Entomol , vol.4 , pp. 87-99
    • Williams, D.1    Liebold, A.2
  • 99
    • 38149024360 scopus 로고
    • Engelmann spruce beetle control in Colorado
    • Wygant, N. D. 1956. Engelmann spruce beetle control in Colorado. Proc. 10th Int. Congress Entomol. 4: 181-184.
    • (1956) Proc. 10th Int. Congress Entomol , vol.4 , pp. 181-184
    • Wygant, N.D.1
  • 100
    • 0033495494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of high elevation forests in the Olympic Mountains to climate change
    • Zolbrod, A. N., and D. L. Peterson. 1999. Response of high elevation forests in the Olympic Mountains to climate change. Can. J. For. Res. 29: 1966-1978.
    • (1999) Can. J. For. Res , vol.29 , pp. 1966-1978
    • Zolbrod, A.N.1    Peterson, D.L.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.