메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 66, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 192-202

Safety of probiotics: Translocation and infection

Author keywords

GRAS; Infection; Probiotic; Translocation

Indexed keywords

PROBIOTIC AGENT;

EID: 43449128102     PISSN: 00296643     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00024.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (198)

References (67)
  • 2
    • 0033789692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of evidences of health claims for biotherapeutic agents
    • McFarland L. A review of evidences of health claims for biotherapeutic agents. Microb Ecol Health Dis 2000 12 : 65 76.
    • (2000) Microb Ecol Health Dis , vol.12 , pp. 65-76
    • McFarland, L.1
  • 3
    • 0347683354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactobacillus bacteremia, clinical significance, and patient outcome, with special focus on probiotic L. rhamnosus GG
    • Salminen MK, Rautelin H, Tynkkynen S, Poussa T, Saxelin M, Valtonen V, Jarvinen A. Lactobacillus bacteremia, clinical significance, and patient outcome, with special focus on probiotic L. rhamnosus GG. Clin Infect Dis 2004 38 : 62 69.
    • (2004) Clin Infect Dis , vol.38 , pp. 62-69
    • Salminen, M.K.1    Rautelin, H.2    Tynkkynen, S.3    Poussa, T.4    Saxelin, M.5    Valtonen, V.6    Jarvinen, A.7
  • 4
    • 0041561004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidative probiotic fermented goats' milk decreases oxidative stress-mediated atherogenicity in human
    • Kullisaar T, Songisepp E, Mikelsaar M, Zilmer K, Vihalemm T, Zilmer M. Antioxidative probiotic fermented goats' milk decreases oxidative stress-mediated atherogenicity in human. Br J Nutr 2003 90 : 449 456.
    • (2003) Br J Nutr , vol.90 , pp. 449-456
    • Kullisaar, T.1    Songisepp, E.2    Mikelsaar, M.3    Zilmer, K.4    Vihalemm, T.5    Zilmer, M.6
  • 5
    • 34748922305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a synbiotic containing Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4962 on plasma lipid profiles and morphology of erythrocytes in hypercholesterolaemic pigs on high- and low-fat diets. Br
    • Liong MT, Dunshea FR, Shah NP. Effects of a synbiotic containing Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4962 on plasma lipid profiles and morphology of erythrocytes in hypercholesterolaemic pigs on high- and low-fat diets. Br J Nutr 2007 98 : 736 744.
    • (2007) J Nutr , vol.98 , pp. 736-744
    • Liong, M.T.1    Dunshea, F.R.2    Shah, N.P.3
  • 6
    • 0028357819 scopus 로고
    • Safety of lactic acid bacteria and their occurrence in human clinical infections
    • Gasser F. Safety of lactic acid bacteria and their occurrence in human clinical infections. Bull Instr Pasteur 1994 92 : 45 67.
    • (1994) Bull Instr Pasteur , vol.92 , pp. 45-67
    • Gasser, F.1
  • 7
    • 0028931071 scopus 로고
    • Bacterial translocation from the gastrointestinal tract
    • Berg RD. Bacterial translocation from the gastrointestinal tract. Trends Microbiol 1995 3 : 149 154.
    • (1995) Trends Microbiol , vol.3 , pp. 149-154
    • Berg, R.D.1
  • 8
    • 0028053641 scopus 로고
    • Intestinal microbial translocation: Immunologic consequences and effects of interleukin-4
    • Shou J, Motyka LE, Daly JM. Intestinal microbial translocation: immunologic consequences and effects of interleukin-4. Surgery 1994 116 : 868 876.
    • (1994) Surgery , vol.116 , pp. 868-876
    • Shou, J.1    Motyka, L.E.2    Daly, J.M.3
  • 9
    • 0001864498 scopus 로고
    • Translocation and the indigenous gut flora
    • In: Fuller, R., ed. London: Chapman & Hall
    • Berg RD. Translocation and the indigenous gut flora. In : Fuller R, ed. Probiotics: The Scientific Basis. London : Chapman & Hall 1992 : 55 85.
    • (1992) Probiotics: The Scientific Basis. , pp. 55-85
    • Berg, R.D.1
  • 10
    • 0035899881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C activity in Lactobacillus rhamnosus with capacity to translocate
    • Rodriguez AV, Baigorí MD, Alvarez S, Castro GR, Oliver G. Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C activity in Lactobacillus rhamnosus with capacity to translocate. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2001 204 : 33 38.
    • (2001) FEMS Microbiol Lett , vol.204 , pp. 33-38
    • Rodriguez, A.V.1    Baigorí, M.D.2    Alvarez, S.3    Castro, G.R.4    Oliver, G.5
  • 11
    • 0038105403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of mouse model to evaluate the persistence, safety, and immune modulation capacities of lactic acid bacteria
    • Pavan S, Desreumaux P, Mercenier A. Use of mouse model to evaluate the persistence, safety, and immune modulation capacities of lactic acid bacteria. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2003 10 : 696 701.
    • (2003) Clin Diagn Lab Immunol , vol.10 , pp. 696-701
    • Pavan, S.1    Desreumaux, P.2    Mercenier, A.3
  • 13
    • 0037031549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune protection mediated by the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 (DR20TM) against Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection in mice
    • Shu Q, Gill HS. Immune protection mediated by the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 (DR20TM) against Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection in mice. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2002 1 : 59 64.
    • (2002) FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol , vol.1 , pp. 59-64
    • Shu, Q.1    Gill, H.S.2
  • 14
    • 0031126670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bifidobacteria and human health: Regulatory effect of indigenous bacteria on Escherichia coli intestinal colonization
    • Romond MB, Haddou Z, Mielcareck C, Romond C. Bifidobacteria and human health: regulatory effect of indigenous bacteria on Escherichia coli intestinal colonization. Anaerobe 1997 2 : 131 136.
    • (1997) Anaerobe , vol.2 , pp. 131-136
    • Romond, M.B.1    Haddou, Z.2    Mielcareck, C.3    Romond, C.4
  • 15
  • 16
    • 0035829335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of different probiotic strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium on bacterial translocation and liver injury in an acute liver injury model
    • Adawi D, Ahrne S, Molin G. Effects of different probiotic strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium on bacterial translocation and liver injury in an acute liver injury model. Int J Food Microbiol 2001 3 : 213 220.
    • (2001) Int J Food Microbiol , vol.3 , pp. 213-220
    • Adawi, D.1    Ahrne, S.2    Molin, G.3
  • 17
    • 0034056174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute oral toxicity and bacterial translocation studies on potentially probiotic strains of lactic acid bacteria
    • Zhou JS, Shu Q, Ritherford KJ, Prasad J, Birtles MJ, Gopal PK, Gill HS. Acute oral toxicity and bacterial translocation studies on potentially probiotic strains of lactic acid bacteria. Food Chem Toxicol 2000 38 : 153 161.
    • (2000) Food Chem Toxicol , vol.38 , pp. 153-161
    • Zhou, J.S.1    Shu, Q.2    Ritherford, K.J.3    Prasad, J.4    Birtles, M.J.5    Gopal, P.K.6    Gill, H.S.7
  • 20
    • 43449131433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food and Drug Administration. Guidance for Industry on Complementary and Alternative Medicine Products and Their Regulation by the Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Available at:. Accessed 10 February 2008.
    • Food and Drug Administration. Guidance for Industry on Complementary and Alternative Medicine Products and Their Regulation by the Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2006. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/CBER/gdlns/altmed.pdf. Accessed 10 February 2008.
    • (2006)
  • 21
    • 43449126129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food and Drug Administration. Agency Response Letter GRAS Notice No. GRN 000171. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2005. Available at:. Accessed 10 February 2008.
    • Food and Drug Administration. Agency Response Letter GRAS Notice No. GRN 000171. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2005. Available at: http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/∼rdb/opa-g171.html. Accessed 10 February 2008.
  • 22
    • 43449084833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food and Drug Administration. Safe and Suitable Ingredients Used in the Production of Meat and Poultry Products. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Available at:. Accessed 14 February 2008.
    • Food and Drug Administration. Safe and Suitable Ingredients Used in the Production of Meat and Poultry Products. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2007. Available at: http://209.85.175.104/search?q=cache:9wfWGcQWS4UJ: www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/rdad/FSISDirectives/7120.1_Amend_8. pdf+%22Safe+and+Suitable+Ingredients+Used+in+the+Production+of+Meat+and+ Poultry+Products%22+lactobacillus+acidophilus+patties&hl=en&ct= clnk&cd=1. Accessed 14 February 2008.
    • (2007)
  • 23
    • 43449133471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food and Agriculture Organization. Guidelines for the Evaluation of Probiotics in Food. Available at: ftp://ftp.fao.org/es/esn/food/wgreport2.pdf. Accessed 14 February 2008.
    • Food and Agriculture Organization. Guidelines for the Evaluation of Probiotics in Food 2002. Available at: ftp://ftp.fao.org/es/esn/food/wgreport2. pdf. Accessed 14 February 2008.
    • (2002)
  • 25
    • 0029383574 scopus 로고
    • On the safety of lactic acid bacteria from food
    • Adams MR, Marteau, P. On the safety of lactic acid bacteria from food. Int J Food Microbiol 1995 27 : 263 264.
    • (1995) Int J Food Microbiol , vol.27 , pp. 263-264
    • Adams, M.R.1    Marteau, P.2
  • 26
    • 0141922870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The in-vivo assessment of safety and gastrointestinal survival of an orally administered novel probiotic, Propionibacterium jensenii 702, in a male Wistar rat model
    • Huang Y, Kotula L, Adams MC. The in-vivo assessment of safety and gastrointestinal survival of an orally administered novel probiotic, Propionibacterium jensenii 702, in a male Wistar rat model. Food Chem Toxicol 2003 41 : 1781 1787.
    • (2003) Food Chem Toxicol , vol.41 , pp. 1781-1787
    • Huang, Y.1    Kotula, L.2    Adams, M.C.3
  • 27
    • 0033494696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotic lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus HN017, Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 and Bifidobacterium lactis HN019) have no adverse effects on health of mice
    • Shu Q, Zhou JS, Rutherfurd KJ, Birtles MJ, Prasad J, Gopal PK, Gill HS. Probiotic lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus HN017, Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 and Bifidobacterium lactis HN019) have no adverse effects on health of mice. Int Dairy J 1999 9 : 831 836.
    • (1999) Int Dairy J , vol.9 , pp. 831-836
    • Shu, Q.1    Zhou, J.S.2    Rutherfurd, K.J.3    Birtles, M.J.4    Prasad, J.5    Gopal, P.K.6    Gill, H.S.7
  • 28
    • 0034713336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety assessment of potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria strains Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001, Lb. acidophilus HN017 and Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 in BALB/c mice
    • Zhou JS, Shu Q, Ritherford KJ, Prasad J, Birtles MJ, Gopal PK, Gill HS. Safety assessment of potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria strains Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001, Lb. acidophilus HN017 and Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 in BALB/c mice. Int J Food Microbiol 2000 1 : 87 96.
    • (2000) Int J Food Microbiol , vol.1 , pp. 87-96
    • Zhou, J.S.1    Shu, Q.2    Ritherford, K.J.3    Prasad, J.4    Birtles, M.J.5    Gopal, P.K.6    Gill, H.S.7
  • 30
    • 0018404843 scopus 로고
    • Translocation of certain indigenous bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract to the mesenteric lymph nodes and other organs in the gnotobiotic mouse model
    • Berg RD, Garlington AW. Translocation of certain indigenous bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract to the mesenteric lymph nodes and other organs in the gnotobiotic mouse model. Infect Immunol 1979 23 : 401 411.
    • (1979) Infect Immunol , vol.23 , pp. 401-411
    • Berg, R.D.1    Garlington, A.W.2
  • 32
    • 0033981604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions mediating bacterial translocation in the immature intestine
    • Suppl. 436.
    • Duffy LD. Interactions mediating bacterial translocation in the immature intestine. J Nutr 2000 130 (Suppl 432 436.
    • (2000) J Nutr , vol.130 , pp. 432
    • Duffy, L.D.1
  • 33
    • 0033943482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of monocytes in experimental Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis
    • Veltrop MHAM, Bancsi MJLM, Bertina RM, Thompson J. Role of monocytes in experimental Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. Infect Immun 2000 68 : 4818 4821.
    • (2000) Infect Immun , vol.68 , pp. 4818-4821
    • Mham, V.1    Mjlm, B.2    Bertina, R.M.3    Thompson, J.4
  • 34
    • 0027273290 scopus 로고
    • Release of nitric oxide during the T cell-independent pathway of macrophage activation. Its role in resistance to Listeria monocytogenes
    • Beckerman KP, Rogers HW, Corbett JA, Schreiber RD, McDaniel ML, Unanue ER. Release of nitric oxide during the T cell-independent pathway of macrophage activation. Its role in resistance to Listeria monocytogenes. J Immunol 1993 150 : 888 895.
    • (1993) J Immunol , vol.150 , pp. 888-895
    • Beckerman, K.P.1    Rogers, H.W.2    Corbett, J.A.3    Schreiber, R.D.4    McDaniel, M.L.5    Unanue, E.R.6
  • 35
    • 0032421155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactobacillus species as opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised patients
    • Schlegel L, Lemerle S, Geslin P. Lactobacillus species as opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1998 17 : 887 888.
    • (1998) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.17 , pp. 887-888
    • Schlegel, L.1    Lemerle, S.2    Geslin, P.3
  • 36
    • 0026592959 scopus 로고
    • Translocation of enteric bacteria in health and disease. Curr Studies Hematol Blood
    • Berg RD. Translocation of enteric bacteria in health and disease. Curr Studies Hematol Blood Transfusion 1992 59 : 44 65.
    • (1992) Transfusion , vol.59 , pp. 44-65
    • Berg, R.D.1
  • 39
    • 2342643412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case of aortic endocarditis caused by Lactobacillus casei
    • Ze-Ze L, Tenreiro R, Duarte A, et al. Case of aortic endocarditis caused by Lactobacillus casei. J Med Microbiol 2004 53 : 451 453.
    • (2004) J Med Microbiol , vol.53 , pp. 451-453
    • Ze-Ze, L.1    Tenreiro, R.2    Duarte, A.3
  • 40
    • 18744412130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A rare case of Lactobacillus acidophilus presenting as mitral valve bacterial endocarditis
    • Makaryus AN, Yang R, Hahn RT, Kort S. A rare case of Lactobacillus acidophilus presenting as mitral valve bacterial endocarditis. Echocardiography 2005 22 : 421 425.
    • (2005) Echocardiography , vol.22 , pp. 421-425
    • Makaryus, A.N.1    Yang, R.2    Hahn, R.T.3    Kort, S.4
  • 41
    • 0036284576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Yoghurt biotherapy: Contraindicated in immunosuppressed patients?
    • MacGregor G, Smith AJ, Thakker B, Kinsella J. Yoghurt biotherapy: contraindicated in immunosuppressed patients? Postgrad Med J 2002 78 : 366 367.
    • (2002) Postgrad Med J , vol.78 , pp. 366-367
    • MacGregor, G.1    Smith, A.J.2    Thakker, B.3    Kinsella, J.4
  • 43
    • 8644289660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two cases of Lactobacillus bacteremia during probiotic treatment of short gut syndrome
    • Kunz AN, Noel JM, Fairchok MP. Two cases of Lactobacillus bacteremia during probiotic treatment of short gut syndrome. J Pediatric Gastroenterol Nutr 2004 38 : 457 458.
    • (2004) J Pediatric Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.38 , pp. 457-458
    • Kunz, A.N.1    Noel, J.M.2    Fairchok, M.P.3
  • 44
    • 0034919444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactobacillus rhamnosus endocarditis complicating colonoscopy
    • Avlami A, Kordossis T, Vrizidis N, Sipsas NV. Lactobacillus rhamnosus endocarditis complicating colonoscopy. J Infect 2001 42 : 283 285.
    • (2001) J Infect , vol.42 , pp. 283-285
    • Avlami, A.1    Kordossis, T.2    Vrizidis, N.3    Sipsas, N.V.4
  • 46
    • 0033090596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent Lactobacillus casei subspecies rhamnosus bacteremia in a 14-year-old girl with acute myeloid leukemia. a case report
    • Majcher-Peszynska J, Heine W, Richter I, Eggers G, Mohr C. Persistent Lactobacillus casei subspecies rhamnosus bacteremia in a 14-year-old girl with acute myeloid leukemia. A case report. Klin Pediatr 1999 211 : 53 56.
    • (1999) Klin Pediatr , vol.211 , pp. 53-56
    • Majcher-Peszynska, J.1    Heine, W.2    Richter, I.3    Eggers, G.4    Mohr, C.5
  • 47
    • 33748771708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selecting lactic acid bacteria for their safety and functionality by use of a mouse colitis model
    • Daniel C, Poiret S, Goudercourt D, Dennin V, Leyer G, Pot B. Selecting lactic acid bacteria for their safety and functionality by use of a mouse colitis model. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006 72 : 5799 5805.
    • (2006) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.72 , pp. 5799-5805
    • Daniel, C.1    Poiret, S.2    Goudercourt, D.3    Dennin, V.4    Leyer, G.5    Pot, B.6
  • 48
    • 0000597890 scopus 로고
    • Identification of Lactobacillus strains from patients with infective endocarditis and comparison of their surface-associated properties with those of other strains of the same species
    • Harty DWS, Patrikakis M, Knox KW. Identification of Lactobacillus strains from patients with infective endocarditis and comparison of their surface-associated properties with those of other strains of the same species. Microb Ecol Health Dis 1993 6 : 191 201.
    • (1993) Microb Ecol Health Dis , vol.6 , pp. 191-201
    • Harty, D.W.S.1    Patrikakis, M.2    Knox, K.W.3
  • 51
    • 0028923233 scopus 로고
    • Enzyme production by lactobacilli and the potential link with infective endocarditis
    • Oakey HJ, Harty DWS, Know KW. Enzyme production by lactobacilli and the potential link with infective endocarditis. J Appl Bacteriol 1995 78 : 142 148.
    • (1995) J Appl Bacteriol , vol.78 , pp. 142-148
    • Oakey, H.J.1    Harty, D.W.S.2    Know, K.W.3
  • 52
    • 0028836203 scopus 로고
    • Inability of Lactobacillus casei strain GG, L. acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium bifidum to degrade intestinal mucus glycoproteins
    • Ruseler-Van Embden GH, Van Lieshout LMC, Gosselink MJ, Marteau P. Inability of Lactobacillus casei strain GG, L. acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium bifidum to degrade intestinal mucus glycoproteins. Scand J Gastroenterol 1995 30 : 675 680.
    • (1995) Scand J Gastroenterol , vol.30 , pp. 675-680
    • Ruseler-Van Embden, G.H.1    Van Lieshout, L.M.C.2    Gosselink, M.J.3    Marteau, P.4
  • 53
    • 11144326862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bile salt deconjugation and BSH activity of five bifidobacterial strains and their cholesterol co-precipitating properties
    • Liong MT, Shah NP. Bile salt deconjugation and BSH activity of five bifidobacterial strains and their cholesterol co-precipitating properties. Food Res Int 2005 38 : 135 142.
    • (2005) Food Res Int , vol.38 , pp. 135-142
    • Liong, M.T.1    Shah, N.P.2
  • 54
    • 13244275284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotic therapy of intestinal inflammation and infections
    • Sartor RB. Probiotic therapy of intestinal inflammation and infections. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2004 21 : 44 50.
    • (2004) Curr Opin Gastroenterol , vol.21 , pp. 44-50
    • Sartor, R.B.1
  • 58
    • 0029775904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactobacillus bacteremia: Description of the clinical course in adult patients without endocarditis
    • Antony S, Stratton CW, Dummer JS. Lactobacillus bacteremia: description of the clinical course in adult patients without endocarditis. Clin Infect Dis 1996 23 : 773 778.
    • (1996) Clin Infect Dis , vol.23 , pp. 773-778
    • Antony, S.1    Stratton, C.W.2    Dummer, J.S.3
  • 59
    • 0036895047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective randomised study of the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 299V on indices of gut barrier function in elective surgical patients
    • McNaught CE, Woodcock NP, MacFie J, Mitchell CJ. A prospective randomised study of the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 299V on indices of gut barrier function in elective surgical patients. Gut 2002 51 : 827 831.
    • (2002) Gut , vol.51 , pp. 827-831
    • McNaught, C.E.1    Woodcock, N.P.2    MacFie, J.3    Mitchell, C.J.4
  • 60
    • 0345269763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant with increased virulence. Proc Nat Academy
    • Wheeler RT, Kupiec M, Magnelli P, Abeijon C, Fink GR. A Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant with increased virulence. Proc Nat Academy Sci USA 2003 100 : 2766 2770.
    • (2003) Sci USA , vol.100 , pp. 2766-2770
    • Wheeler, R.T.1    Kupiec, M.2    Magnelli, P.3    Abeijon, C.4    Fink, G.R.5
  • 61
    • 0022802862 scopus 로고
    • The analysis of background factors of pneumonia by opportunisticpathogens. J Japan Assoc
    • Hara K, Saito A, Hirota M. The analysis of background factors of pneumonia by opportunisticpathogens. J Japan Assoc Infect Dis 1986 60 : 1125 1132.
    • (1986) Infect Dis , vol.60 , pp. 1125-1132
    • Hara, K.1    Saito, A.2    Hirota, M.3
  • 62
    • 10644260361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic differences between commercial Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and L. rhamnosus strains recovered from blood
    • Ouwehand AC, Saxelin M, Salminen S. Phenotypic differences between commercial Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and L. rhamnosus strains recovered from blood. Clin Infect Dis 2004 39 : 1858 1860.
    • (2004) Clin Infect Dis , vol.39 , pp. 1858-1860
    • Ouwehand, A.C.1    Saxelin, M.2    Salminen, S.3
  • 65
    • 0029353355 scopus 로고
    • Lactobacillus fermentum endocarditis involving a native mitral valve
    • Gallemore GH, Mohon RT, Ferguson DA. Lactobacillus fermentum endocarditis involving a native mitral valve. J Tenn Medical Assoc 1995 88 : 306 308.
    • (1995) J Tenn Medical Assoc , vol.88 , pp. 306-308
    • Gallemore, G.H.1    Mohon, R.T.2    Ferguson, D.A.3
  • 66
    • 0025275170 scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial susceptibility of vancomycin resistant Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, and Lactobacillus species
    • Swenson JM, Facklam RR, Thornsberry C. Antimicrobial susceptibility of vancomycin resistant Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, and Lactobacillus species. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1990 34 : 543 549.
    • (1990) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.34 , pp. 543-549
    • Swenson, J.M.1    Facklam, R.R.2    Thornsberry, C.3
  • 67
    • 0347761172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a new erm-related macrolide resistance gene present in probiotic strains of Bacillus clausii
    • Bozdogan B, Galopin S, Leclercq R. Characterization of a new erm-related macrolide resistance gene present in probiotic strains of Bacillus clausii. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004 70 : 280 284.
    • (2004) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.70 , pp. 280-284
    • Bozdogan, B.1    Galopin, S.2    Leclercq, R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.