Lightning return stroke current radiation in presence of a conducting ground: 1. Theory and numerical evaluation of the electromagnetic fields

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 113, Issue 5, 2008, Pages

  Delfino, Federico ^a   Procopio, Renato ^a   Rossi, Mansueto ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GENOA   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; CALCULATIONS; ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS; GREEN'S FUNCTION; INTEGRATION; LIGHTNING;

ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD; GREEN FUNCTION; LIGHTNING; NUMERICAL METHOD; RADIATION BALANCE; THEORY;

EID: 43449114802     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2007JD008553     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Anderson, W. L. (1979), Computer program numerical integration of related Hankel transforms of orders 0 and 1 by adaptive digital filtering, Geophysics, 44(7), 1287- 1305.
2. Baba, Y., and V. A. Rakov (2006), Voltages induced on an overhead wire by lightning strikes to a nearby tall grounded object, IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., 48(1), 212-224.
3. Balanis, C. A. (1989), Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics, JohnWiley, New York.
4. Bannister, P. R. (1984), New formulas that extend Norton’s far field elementary dipole equations to the quasinear field range, Tech. Rep. 59007, Nav. Undersea Warfare Cent., Newport, R. I.
5. Ban˜os, A. (1966), Dipole Radiation in the Presence of a Conducting Half- Space, Pergamon, New York.
6. Baumann, C. E., and E. E. S. Sampaio (1999), Electric field of a horizontal antenna above a homogeneous half-space: implications for GPR, J. Geophys., 65(3), 823-835.
7. Borghetti, A., J. A. Gutierrez, C. A. Nucci, M. Paolone, E. Petrache, and F. Rachidi (2004), Lightning-induced voltages on complex distribution systems: Models, advanced software tools and experimental validation, J. Electrost., 60(2- 4), 163- 174.
8. Bubenik, D. M. (1977), A practical method for the numerical evaluation of Sommerfeld integrals, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., 25, 904- 906.
9. Burke, G. J., and A. J. Poggio (1981), Numerical Electromagnetic Code (NEC)—Method of moments, Tech. Doc. 116, Nav. Ocean Syst. Cent., San Diego, Calif.
10. Cooray, V. (1992), Horizontal fields generated by return strokes, Radio Science, 27(4), 529- 537.
11. Cooray, V. (2002), Some considerations on the ‘‘Cooray-Rubinstein’’ formulation used in deriving the horizontal electric field of lightning return strokes over finitely conducting ground, IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., 44(4), 560-566.
12. Cooray, V. (2005), On the validity of several approximate theories used in quantifying the propagation effects on lightning generated electromagnetic fields, paper presented at VIII International Symposium on Lightning Protection, Inst. of Electr. and Electron. Eng., S. Brazil Sect., Sa˜o Paulo.
13. Cui, T. J., and W. C. Chew (2000a), Modeling of arbitrary wire antennas above ground, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 38(1), 357- 365.
14. Cui, T. J., and W. C. Chew (2000b), Accurate model of arbitrary wire antennas in free space, above or inside ground, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., 48(4), 482- 493.
15. Darveniza, M. (2007), A practical extension of rusck’s formula for maximum lightning-induced voltages that accounts for ground resistivity, IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, 22(1), 605-612.
16. Davis, P. J., and P. Rabinowitz (1984), Methods of Numerical Integration, Elsevier, New York.
17. Delfino, F., R. Procopio, M. Rossi, and L. Verolino (2003), Lightning current identification over a conducting ground plane, Radio Sci., 38(3), 1049, doi:10.1029/2001RS002521.
18. Delfino, F., R. Procopio, M. Rossi, F. Rachidi, and C. A. Nucci (2008), Lightning return stroke current radiation in presence of a conducting ground: 2. Validity assessment of simplified approaches, J. Geophys. Res., doi:10.1029/2007JD008567, in press.
19. Gardner, R. L. (1981), Effects of the propagation path on lightning-induced transient fields, Radio Sci., 16(3), 377- 384.
20. Gradshteyn, I. S., and I. W. Ryzhik (1980), Table of Integrals, Series and Products, Academic, San Diego, Calif.
21. Høidalen, H. K., J. Sletbak, and T. Henriksen (1997), Ground effects from nearby lightning, IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., 39(4), 269- 278.
22. Krommer, A. R., and C. W. Ueberhuber (1994), Numerical Integration on Advanced Computer Systems, Springer, Berlin.
23. Longman, I. M. (1956), Note on a method for computing infinite integrals of oscillatory functions, Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc., 52, 764-768.
24. Maclean, T. S. M., and Z. Wu (1993), Radiowave Propagation Over Ground, Kluwer Acad., New York.
25. Michalski, K. A. (1998), Extrapolation methods for Sommerfeld integral tails, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., 46(10), 1405- 1418.
26. Michalski, K. A., and J. R. Mosig (1997), Multilayered media Green’s functions in integral equation formulations, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., 45, 508- 519.
27. Mittra, R., P. Parhami, and Y. Rahmat-Samii (1979), Solving the current element problem over lossy half-space without Sommerfeld integrals, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., 27(6), 778- 782.
28. Norton, K. A. (1937), The propagation of radio waves over the surface of the Earth and in the upper atmosphere, Proc. IRE, 25(9), 1203- 1236.
29. Novikov, V. V., and G. I. Makarov (1961), Propagation of pulsed signals over a homogeneous flat earth, Radio Eng. Electron. Phys., 5, 644- 652.
30. Parhami, P., and R. Mittra (1980), Wire antennas over a lossy half-space, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., 28(3), 397- 403.
31. Parhami, P., Y. Rahmat-Samii, and R. Mittra (1980), An efficient approach for evaluating Sommerfeld integrals encountered in the problem of a current element radiating over lossy ground, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., 28(1), 100- 104.
32. Pokharel, R. K., M. Ishii, and Y. Baba (2003), Numerical electromagnetic analysis of lightning-induced voltage over ground of finite conductivity, IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., 45(4), 651- 656.
33. Press, W. H., B. P. Flannery, S. A. Teukolsky, and W. T. Vetterling (1992), Numerical Recipes in FORTRAN: The Art of Scientific Computing, 2nd ed., Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U.K.
34. Rachidi, F., C. A. Nucci, M. Ianoz, and C. Mazzetti (1996), Influence of a lossy ground on lightning-induced voltages on overhead lines, IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., 38(3), 250- 264.
35. Rahmat-Samii, Y., R. Mittra, and P. Parhami (1981), Evaluation of Sommerfeld integrals for lossy half-space problems, Electromagnetics, 1(1), 1 -28.
36. Rakov, V. A., and M. A. Uman (1998), Review and evaluation of lightning return stroke models including some aspects of their application, IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., 40(4), 403-426.
37. Rubinstein, M. (1996), An approximate formula for the calculation of the horizontal electric field from lightning at close, intermediate and long ranges, IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., 38(3), 531- 535.
38. Sarkar, T. K. (1975), Analysis of radiation by arrays of vertical wire antennas over imperfect ground (reflection-coefficient method), IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., 23, 749.
39. Shoory, A., R. Moini, S. H. H. Sadeghi, and V. A. Rakov (2005), Analysis of lightning-radiated electromagnetic fields in the vicinity of lossy ground, IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., 47(1), 131-145.
40. Siegel, M., and R. W. P. King (1970), Electromagnetic fields in a dissipative half-space: A numerical approach, J. Appl. Phys., 41, 2415- 2423.
41. Sommerfeld, A. (1909), Uber die ausbreitung der Wellen in der drahtlosen Telegraphie, Ann. Phys., 28, 665- 736.
42. Sommerfeld, A. (1949), Partial Differential Equations in Physics, Elsevier, New York.
43. Wait, J. R. (1964), Electromagnetic surface waves, in Advances in Radio Research, vol. 1, edited by J. A. Saxton, pp. 157- 170, Elsevier, New York.
44. Wait, J. R. (1999), Influence of finite ground conductivity on the fields of a vertical traveling wave of current, IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., 41(1), 78.
45. Wait, J. R., and D. A. Hill (2000), Ground wave of an idealized lightning return stroke, IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., 48(9), 1349- 1353.
46. Yang, C., and B. Zhou (2004), Calculation methods of electromagnetic fields very close to lightning, IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., 46(1), 133-141.
47. Zauderer, E. (1998), Partial Differential Equations of Applied Mathematics, 2nd ed., John Wiley, New York.
48. Zeddam, A., and P. Degauque (1990), Current and voltage induced on telecommunication cables by a lightning stroke, in Lightning Electromagnetics, edited by R. L. Gardner, pp. 377 - 400, Taylor and Francis, Philadelphia, Pa.