Principles of droplet electrohydrodynamics for lab-on-a-chip

Lab on a Chip

Volumn 4, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 265-277

  Zeng, Jun ^a   Korsmeyer, Tom ^a  

^a European Headquarter and Development Center   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS; CONTACT ANGLE; DIELECTRIC CONSTANT; DROPLET ELECTROHYDRODYNAMICS; ELECTRIC POTENTIAL; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; ELECTROPHORESIS; ENERGY TRANSFER; HYDRODYNAMICS; LAB ON A CHIP; PHYSICS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SIMULATION; TECHNIQUE;

EID: 4344668285     PISSN: 14730197     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1039/b403082f     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. M. A. Burns, B. N. Johnson, S. N. Brahmasandra, K. Handique, J. R. Webster, M. Krishnan, T. S. Sammarco, P. M. Man, D. Jones, D. Heldsinger, C. H. Mastrangelo and D. T. Burke, An integrated nanoliter DNA analysis device, Science, 1998, 282, 484.
2. K. Hosokawa, T. Fujii and I. Endo, Handling of picoliter liquid samples in a poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based microfluidic device, Anal. Chem., 1999, 71, 4781.
3. A. A. Darhuber, J. M. Davis, W. W. Reisner and S. M. Troian, Thermocapillary migration of liquids on patterned surfaces: design concept for microfluidic delivery, Micro Total Analysis Systems 2001, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001. p. 244.
4. S. K. Cho, H. Moon and C-J. Kim, Creating, transporting, cutting, and merging liquid droplets by electrowetting-based actuation for digital microfluidic circuits, J. Microelectromechan. Syst., 2003, 12(1), 70.
5. M. G. Pollack, A. D. Shenderov and R. B. Fair, Electrowetting-based actuation of droplets for integrated microfluidics, Lab Chip, 2002, 2, 96.
6. J. A. Schwartz, J. V. Vykoukal and P. R. C. Gascoyne, Droplet-based chemistry on a programmable micro-chip, Lab Chip, 2004, 4, 11.
7. O. D. Velev, B. G. Prevo and K. H. Bhatt, On-chip manipulation of free droplets, Nature, 2003, 426, 515.
8. V. Srinivasan, V. K. Pamula, M. G. Pollack and R. B. Fair, Clinical diagnostics on human whole blood, plasma, serum, urine, saliva, sweat, and tears on a digital microfluidic platform, Micro Total Analysis Systems 2003, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003, p. 1287.
9. J. L. Jackel, S. Hackwood and G. Beni, Electrowetting optical switch, Appl. Phys. Lett., 1982, 40(1), 4.
10. J. L. Jackel, S. Hackwood, J. J. Veselka and G. Beni, Electrowetting switch for multimode optical fibers, Appl. Opt., 1983, 22(11), 1765.
11. J. Lee and C.-J. Kim, Microactuation by continuous electrowetting phenomenon and Silicon deep RIE process, ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE), 1998, 475.
12. J. Lee and C.-J. Kim, Theory and modeling of continuous electrowetting microactuation, ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE), 1999, 397.
13. J. Lee and C.-J. Kim, Surface tension-driven microactuation based on continuous electrowetting, J. Microelectromechan. Syst., 2000, 9(2), 171.
14. K.-S. Yun, I.-J. Cho, J.-U. Bu, G.-H. Kim, Y.-S. Jeon, C.-J. Kim and E. Yoon, A micropump driven by continuous electrowetting actuation for low voltage and low power operations, IEEE Conference on MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS '01), 2001, 487.
15. J. Lee, H. Moon, J. Fowler, T. Schoellhammer and C.-J. Kim, Electrowetting and electrowetting-on-dielectric for microscale liquid handling, Sens. Actuators A, 2002, 95, 259.
16. L. Latorre, J. Kim, J. Lee, P-P. de Guzman, H. J. Lee, P. Nouet and C.-J. Kim, Electrostatic actuation of microscale liquid-metal droplets, J. Microelectromechan. Syst., 2002, 11(4), 302.
17. H. Moon, S. K. Cho, R. L. Garrell and C-J. Kim, Low voltage electrowetting-on-dielectric, J. Appl. Phys., 2002, 92(7), 4080.
18. M. G. Pollack, R. B. Fair and A. D. Shenderov, Electrowetting-based actuation of liquid droplets for microfluidic applications, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2000, 77(11), 1725.
19. C. Quilliet and B. Berge, Electrowetting: a recent outbreak, Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci., 2001, 6, 34.
20. M. W. J. Prins, W. J. J. Welters and J. W. Weekamp, Fluid control in multichannel structures by electrocapillary pressure, Science, 291, 277.
21. V. Srinivasan, V. Pamula, M. Pollack and R. Fair, A digital microfluidic biosensor for multianalyte detection, Proceedings of the IEEE 16th Annual International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 2003, 327.
22. P. Paik, V. K. Pamula, M. G. Pollack and R. B. Fair, Electrowetting-based droplet mixers for microfluidic systems, Lab Chip, 2003, 3, 28.
23. P. Paik, V. K. Pamula, M. G. Pollack and R. B. Fair, Rapid droplet mixers for digital microfluidic systems, Lab Chip, 2003, 3, 253.
24. H. Ren, V. Srinivasn and R. B. Fair, Design and testing of an interpolating mixing architecture for electrowetting-based droplet-on-chip chemical dilution, 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators (Transducers 2003), 2003, 619.
25. H. A. Pohl, Dielectrophoresis: The Behaviour of Neutral Matter in Nonuniform Electric Fields, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1978.
26. T. B. Jones and G. W. Bliss, Bubble dielectrophoresis, J. Appl. Phys., 1977, 48(4), 1412.
27. F. F. Becker, X-B. Wang, Y. Huang, R. Pethig, J. Vykoukal and P. R. C. Gascoyne, Separation of human breast cancer cells from blood by differential dielectric affinity, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1995, 92, 860.
28. T. B. Jones, M. Gunji, M. Washizu and M. J. Feldman, Dielectrophoretic liquid actuation and nanodroplet formation, J. Appl. Phys., 2001, 89, 1441.
29. J. S. Batchelder, US Patent 4,390,403, 1983.
30. P. J. Burke, Nano-dielectrophoresis: Electronic Nanotweezers, Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, American Scientific Publishers 2003.
31. J. Vykoukal, J. Schwartz, F. Becker and P. Gascoyne, A programmable dielectrophoretic fluid processor for droplet-based chemistry, Micro Total Analysis Systems 2001, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001, p. 72.
32. A. W. Adamson, Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 5th edn., 1990, pp. 226-249.
33. G. Beni, S. Hackwood and J. L. Jackel, Continuous electrowetting effect, Appl. Phys. Lett., 1982, 40(10), 913.
34. R. Digilov, Charge-induced modification of contact angle: the secondary electrocapillary effect, Langmuir, 2000, 16, 6719.
35. V. Peykov, A. Quinn and J. Ralston, Electrowetting: a model for contact-angle saturation, Colloid Polymer Sci., 2000, 278, 789.
36. H. J. J. Verheijen and M. W. J. Prins, Reversible electrowetting and trapping of charge: model and experiments, Langmuir, 1999, 15, 6616.
37. H. J. J. Verheijen and M. W. J. Prins, Contact angles and wetting velocity measured electrically, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 1999, 70(9), 3668.
38. B. Shapiro, H. Moon, R. L. Garrel and C-J. Kim, Equilibrium behavior of sessile drops under surface tension, applied external fields, and material variations, J. Appl. Phys., 2003, 93(9), 5794.
39. P. R. C. Gascoyne and J. Vykoukal, Particle separation by dielectrophoresis, Electrophoresis, 2002, 23, 1973.
40. T. B. Jones, Liquid dielectrophoresis on the microscale, J. Electrostatics, 2001, 51, 290.
41. K. H. Kang, I. S. Kang and C. M. Lee, Wetting tension due to Coulombic interaction in charge-related wetting phenomena, Langmuir, 2003, 19, 5407.
42. T. B. Jones, On the relationship of dielectrophoresis and electrowetting, Langmuir, 2002, 18, 4437.
43. T. B. Jones, J. D. Fowler, Y. S. Chang and C.-J. Kim, Frequency-based relationship of electrowetting and dielectrophoretic liquid microactuation, Langmuir, 2003, 19, 7646.
44. J. R. Melcher. Continuum Electromechanics, The MIT Press, 1981, Section 3.7.
45. L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, Electrodynamics of Continuous Media, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1960.
46. L. G. Leal, Laminar Flow and Convective Transport Processes: Scaling Principles and Asymptotic Analysis, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1992.
47. J. D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2nd edn., 1975, ch. 4.
48. H. A. Haus and J. R. Melcher, Electromagnetic Fields and Energy, Prentice Hall, 1989.
49. W. M. Merrill, R. E. Diaz, M. M. LoRe, M. C. Squires and N. G. Alexopoulos, Effective medium theories for artificial materials composed of multiple sizes of spherical inclusions in a host continuum, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation, 1999, 47(1), 142.
50. J. Gimsa and D. Wachner, A unified resistor-capacitor model for impedance, dielectrophoresis, electrorotation, and induced transmembrane potential, Biophys. J., 1998, 75, 1107.
51. G. K. Batchelor, An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, 2000.
52. C. W. Hirt and B. D. Nichols, Volume of fluid (VOF) method for the dynamics of free boundaries, J. Comput. Phys., 1981, 39, 201-225.
53. A. Prosperetti, Numerical algorithms for free-surface flow computations: an overview, Proceedings of the Course on Drop-Surface Interactions, International Centre for Mechanical Sciences, Udine Italy, July 2000.
54. D. A. Anderson, J. C. Tannehill and R. H. Pletcher, Computational Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer, Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, 1984.
55. J. Zeng, M. Deshpande, C. Hsu and J. Gilbert, CAD applications for design of Lab-on-Chip systems, 6th Annual Conference of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems Technologies, R. O. China, 2000.
56. J. Zeng, D. Banerjee, M. Deshpande, J. Gilbert, D. Duffy and G. Kellogg Design analyses of capillary burst valves in centrifugal microfluidics, Micro Total Analysis Systems 2000, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000, p. 579.
57. J. Zeng, M. Deshpande, K. Greiner and J. Gilbert, Design analyses of capillary stop valves, Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) 2000, IMECE'00, 2000, 581.
58. J. Zeng, M. Deshpande, H-C. Kan and J. Gilbert, A dynamic spotting method for split pin based microarrays, Micro Total Analysis Systems 2001, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001, p. 143.
59. http://www.flow3d.com/Bibliography/biblio.htm.
60. J. R. Melcher and G. I. Taylor, Electrohydrodynamics: a review of the role of interfacial shear stresses, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mechan., 1969, 1, 111.
61. J. R. Melcher and W. J. Schwarz, Jr, Interfacial relaxation overstability in a tangential electric field, Phys. Fluids, 11(12), 2604.
62. J. Zeng, D. Sobek and F. T. Korsmeyer, Electro-hydrodynamic modeling of electrospray ionization: CAD for a μfluidic device-mass spectrometer interface, Transduers'03 Digest of Technical Papers, 2003, 1275.
63. G. A. Schultz, T. N. Corso, S. J. Prosser and S. Zhang, A fully integrated monolithic microchip electrospray device for mass spectrometry, Anal. Chem., 2000, 72(17), 4058.
64. H. D. Meiring, E. van der Heeft, G. J. ten Hove and A. P. J. M. de Jong, Nanoscale LC-MS(n): technical design and applications to peptide and protein analysis, J. Sep. Sci., 2002, 25, 557.
65. K. Killeen, H. Yin, S. Udiavar, R. Brennen, M. Juanitas, E. Poon, D. Sobek and T. van de Goor, Chip-MS: a polymeric microfluidic device with integrated mass-spectrometer interface, Micro Total Analysis Systems 2001. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001, p. 331.
66. R. Juraschek and F. W. Rollgen, Pulsation phenomena during electrospray ionization. Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 1998, 177, 1.
67. A. M. Ganan-Calvo. On the theory of electrohydrodynamically driven capillary jets, J. Fluid Mechan., 1997, 335, 165.
68. P. G. Drazin and W. H. Reid, Hydrodynamic stability, Cambridge University Press, 1981.
69. H. Pellat and C. R. Seances, Acad. Sci., Paris, 1894, 119, 675; see: T. B. Jones, Jr and J. R. Melcher, Dynamics of electromechanical flow structures, Phys. Fluids. 1973, 16(3), 393.
70. H. Pellat and C. R. Seances, Acad. Sci., Paris, 1894, 119, 675; see: T. B. Jones, Jr and J. R. Melcher, Dynamics of electromechanical flow structures, Phys. Fluids. 1973, 16(3), 393.
71. F. Savart, Annal. Chim., 1833, 53, 337.
72. J. Plateu, Acad. Sci. Bruxelles Mem., 1849, 23, 5.
73. Lord Rayleigh, On the instability of jets, Proc. London Math. Soc., 1879, 10, 4.
74. Lord Rayleigh, On the stability, or instabilty, of certain fluid motions, Proc. London Math. Soc., 1880, 11, 57.
75. S. Tomotika, On the stability of a cylindrical thread of a viscous liquid surrounded by another viscous fluid, Proc. Royal Soc. (London), 1935, A150, 322.
76. J. B. Keller, S. I. Rubinow and Y. O. Tu, Spatial instability of a jet, Phys. Fluids, 1973, 16, 2052.
77. Q. Zhu, J. Zeng, M. S. Triantafyllou and D. K. P. Yue, Modeling the translocation of a single-molecule DNA through a nanopore via cable dynamics, Micro Total Analysis Systems 2003, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003, p. 649.
78. J. Yang, Y. Huang, X-B Wang, F. F. Becker and P. R. C. Gascoyne, Cell separation on microfabricated electrodes using dielectrophoretic/gravitational field-flow-fractionation, Anal. Chem., 1999, 71(5), 911.
79. G. Bao, Mechanics of Biomolecules, J. Mechan. Phys. Solids, 2002, 50(11), 2237.
80. Computational Cell Biology: an Introduction to Computer Modeling in Molecular Cell Biology, ed. C. P. Fall, E. S. Marland, J. M. Wagner and J. J. Tyson, Springer-Verlag Inc., New York, 2002.