Conflict in natural area destinations: A critique of representation and 'interest' in participatory processes

Tourism Geographies

Volumn 6, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 352-379

  Jamal, Tazim ^a  

^a TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Banff National Park; Interest representation; Multi stakeholder collaboration; Tourism environmental conflicts; Visioning

Indexed keywords

DECISION MAKING; NATIONAL PARK; STAKEHOLDER; TOURISM MANAGEMENT; TOURIST DESTINATION;

ALBERTA; BANFF NATIONAL PARK; CANADA; NORTH AMERICA;

EID: 4344651156     PISSN: 14616688     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/1461668042000249656     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Alvesson, M. (1987) Organization Theory and Technocratic Consciousness: Rationality, Ideology and Quality of Work (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter).
2. Arnstein, S. R. (1969) A ladder of citizen participation, AIP Journal, 35(4), pp. 216-224.
3. BBVS. (1996) Banff-Bow Valley: at the crossroads, Technical Report, Banff-Bow Valley Task Force prepared for the Honourable Sheila Copps (Ottawa, Ontario: Minister of Canadian Heritage).
4. Bella, L. (1987) Parks for Profit (Montreal, Canada: Harvest House).
5. Blechman, F., Crocker, J., Docherty, J. & Garon, S. (1996) Looking back at the Northern Forest dialogues: 1988-1995. Manuscript 5/24/96 (George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia: Institute for Conflict Analysis and Resolution).
6. Brennan, N. J. (1996) Emancipatory environmentalism: civil society and the public interests in environmental law. Masters of Law thesis, The University of Calgary.
7. Britton, S. (1991) Tourism, capital and place: towards a critical geography of tourism, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 9(4), pp. 451-478.
8. Brown, L. D. (1991) Bridging organizations and sustainable development, Human Relations, 44(8), pp. 807-831.
9. Cormick, G., Dale, N., Edmond, P., Sigurdson, S. G. & Stuart, B. D. (1996) Building Consensus for a Sustainable Future: Putting Principles into Practice. (Ottawa, Ontario: National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy).
10. Daniels, S. E. & Walker, G. B. (1996) Collaborative learning: improving public deliberation in ecosystem-based management, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 16, pp. 71-102.
11. Driscoll, K. (1993) Diversity, dialogue and learning: the case of the Forest Round Table on sustainable development. PhD thesis, Queens University, Kinston, Ontario (revised draft, November).
12. Eagleton, T. (1991) Ideology: an Introduction (London: Verso).
13. Emery, F. & Trist, E. (1965) The causal texture of organizational environments, Human Relations, 18, pp. 21-35.
14. Fisher, R. & Ury, W. (1983) Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In (NY: Penguin Books).
15. Freeman, R. E. (1984) Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach (London: Pittman).
16. Getz, D. & Jamal, T. (1994) The environment-community symbiosis: a case for collaborative tourism planning, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2(3), pp. 152-173.
17. Gill, A. & Williams, P. (1994) Managing growth in mountain tourism communities, Tourism Management, 15(3), pp. 212-220.
18. Goffman, E. (1958) The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh Social Science Research Centre).
19. Gray, B. (1989) Collaborating: Finding Common Ground for Multiparty Problems (San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass).
20. Gray, B. (1996) Cross-sectoral partners: collaborative alliances among business, government and communities, in C. Huxham (Ed.) Creating Collaborative Advantage, pp. 57-79 (London: Sage Publications).
21. Hall, C. M. (2000) Tourism Planning: Policies, Processes and Relationships (Harlow: Prentice-Hall).
22. Hall, C. M. & Jenkins, J. M. (1995) Tourism and Public Policy (London and New York: Routledge).
23. Hanson, L. (1996) Reconstituting the boundaries of nature: the discursive formation of nature in the debate over the management of Banff national park, Avante, 2(2), pp. 1-16.
24. Hardy, C. & Phillips, N. (1998) Strategies of engagement: lessons from the critical examination of collaboration and conflict in an interorganizational domain, Organization Science, 9(2), pp. 217-230.
25. Hoberg, G. (1993) Environmental policy: alternative styles. in: M. M. Atkinson (Ed.) Governing Canada: Institutions and Public Policy, Chapter 10. (Toronto, Ontario: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Canada Inc.).
26. Hodgins, D. W. & Cook, J. D. (2000) The Banff-Bow Valley Study: A Retrospective Review, Occasion Paper No. 10 (Parks Canada, National Parks).
27. Huxham, C. (Ed.) (1996) Creating Collaborative Advantage (London: Sage Publications).
28. Innes, J. & Booher, D. (1999) Consensus building and complex adaptive systems: A framework for evaluating collaborative planning, APA Journal, 65(4), pp. 412-423.
29. Inskeep, E. (1991) Tourism Planning: An Integrated and Sustainable Development Approach (NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold).
30. Jamal, T. & Getz, D. (1999) Community roundtables for tourism-related conflicts: the dialectics of consensus and process structures, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 7(3), pp. 356-378.
31. Jamal, T., Stein, S. & Harper, T. (2002) The politics and metaphysics of multi-stakeholder processes in tourism-environmental conflicts, Journal of Planning Education and Research, 22(2), pp. 164-177.
32. Lanfant, M., Allcock, J. & Bruner, E. (Eds.) (1995) International Tourism: Identity and Change, Sage Studies in International Sociology 47 (London: Sage Publications).
33. Lewicki, R. J., Gray B. & Elliott, M. (Eds.) (2003) Making Sense of Intractable Environmental Conflicts: Frames and Cases (Washington, DC: Island Press).
34. Mintzberg, H. & Waters, J. A. (1985) Of strategies, deliberate and emergent, Strategic Management Journal, 6(3), pp. 257-272.
35. Mitchell, R. K., Agle, B. R. & Wood, D. J. (1997) Toward a theory of stakeholder identification and salience: defining the principle of who and what really counts, Academy of Management Review, 22(4), pp. 853-886.
36. Myerson, G. & Rydin, Y. (1996) The Language of Environment: A New Rhetoric (London: UCL Press Limited).
37. Parks Canada Agency (1997a) Banff National Park Management Plan (Canada, Ottawa: Minister of Public Works and Government Services).
38. Parks Canada Agency (1997b) Parks Canada's Response to the Bow Valley Study (Department of Canadian Heritage, January 24).
39. Parks Canada Agency (2000a) "Unimpaired for Future Generations?" Conserving Ecological Integrity with Canada's National Parks. Volume 1: 'A Call to Action, Report of the Panel on the Ecological Integrity of Canada's National Parks (Ottawa, ON: Minister of Public Works and Government Services).
40. Parks Canada Agency (2000b) "Unimpaired for Future Generations?" Conserving Ecological Integrity with Canada's National Parks. Vol. II: Setting a New Direction for Canada's National Parks, Report of the Panel on the Ecological Integrity of Canada's National Parks (Ottawa, ON: Minister of Public Works and Government Services).
41. Parks Canada Agency. (2001) Parks Canada: First Priority, Progress Report on Implementation of the Recommendations of the Panel on the Ecological Integrity of Canada's National Parks (Canada: Minister of Public Works and Government Services).
42. Parks Canada Agency. (2003) Banff National Park: State of the Park Report. Available at http://www.pc.gc.ca/pn-np/ab/banff/docs/rag-rep/chap3/rap-rep4-e.asp (accessed 30 June 2004).
43. Pasquero, J. (1991) Supraorganizational collaboration: the Canadian environmental experiment, Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 27(1), pp. 38-64.
44. Rahman, S. S., Waddock, S., Andriof, J. & Husted, B. (2002) Unfolding Sttakeholder Thinking: Theory, Responsibility and Engagement (Sheffield: Greanleaf Publishing Ltd).
45. Reed, M. (1997) Power relations and community-based tourism planning, Annals of Tourism Research, 24, pp. 556-591.
46. Richardson, M., Sherman, J. & Gismondi, M. (1993) Winning Back the Words: Confronting Experts in an Environmental Public Hearing (Toronto, Ontario: Garamond Press).
47. Ritchie, J. R. B. (1999a) Interest-based formulation of tourism policy for environmentally sensitive destinations, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 7 (3&4), pp. 206-239.
48. Ritchie, J. R. B. (1999b) Crafting a value-driven vision for a national tourism treasure, Tourism Management, 20, pp. 273-282.
49. Sandford, R. (1997) The Banff Bow Valley Heritage Tourism Strategy (Banff, Alberta: The Heritage Tourism Working Group).
50. Sax, J. L. (1980) Mountains Without Handrails: Reflections on the National Parks (Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press).
51. Searle, M. (2000) Phantom Parks: The Struggle to Save Canada's National Parks (Toronto: Key Porter Books).
52. Selin, S. & Beason, K. (1991) Interorganizational relations in tourism, Annals of Tourism Research, 18, pp. 639-652.
53. Selin, S., Schuettt, M. A. & Carr, D. (2000) Modeling stakeholder perceptions of collaborative initiative effectiveness, Society and Natural Resources, 13, pp. 735-745.
54. Susskind, L. (1994) Environmental Diplomacy: Negotiating More Effective Global Agreements (New York: Oxford University Press).
55. Susskind, L. & Cruikshank, J. (1987) Breaking the Impasse: Consensual Approaches to Resolving Public Disputes (New York: Basic Books, Inc.).
56. Susskind, L. & Ozawa, C. (1985) Mediating public disputes: obstacles and possibilities, Journal of Social Issues, 41(2), pp. 145-159.
57. Trist, E. L. (1983) Referent organizations and the development of interorganizational domains, Human Relations, 36, pp. 247-268.
58. Van Manen, M. (1990) Researching Lived Experience: Human Science for an Action Sensitive Pedagogy (London, Ontario: The Althouse Press; reprint 1994).
59. Waddock, S. A. (1989) Understanding social partnerships: an evolutionary model of partnership organizations, Administration and Society, 21(1), pp. 78-100.
60. Weisbord, M. R. & 35 International Coauthors. (1992) Discovering Common Ground: How FUTURE SEARCH CONFERENCES Bring People Together to Achieve Breakthrough Innovation, Empowerment, Shared Vision, and Collaborative Action (San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers).
61. Westley, F. (1995) Governing design: the management of social systems and ecosystems design, in: L. H. Holling & S. S. Light (Eds.) Barriers and Bridges to the Renewal of Ecosystems and Institutions, Chapter 9 (New York: Columbia University Press).
62. White, R. (1996) 'Are you an environmentalist or do you work for a living?': work and nature, in W. Cronon (Ed.) Uncommon Ground: Rethinking the Human Place in Nature, pp. 171-185 (New York: W.W. Norton & Company).
63. Wondolleck, J. M. & Ryan, C. M. (1999) What hat do I wear now?: An examination of agency roles in collaborative processes, Negotiation Journal, 15 (2), pp. 117-133.