Regional perspectives and variations in English dairying, 1650-1850

Agricultural History Review

Volumn , Issue SUPPL. 3, 2004, Pages 93-112

  Broad, John ^a  

^a LONDON METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

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ANIMALIA;

EID: 4344646598     PISSN: 00021490     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (134)

1. J. Thirsk, Alternative agriculture. A history from the Black Death to the present day (1997), pp. 25-6; id., 'Seventeenth century agriculture and social change' in Thirsk (ed.), Land, church and people. Essays presented to H. P. R. Finberg (1970), pp. 166-75; id., Economic policy and projects. The development of a consumer society in early modern England (1978), pp. 166-7.
2. J. Thirsk, Alternative agriculture. A history from the Black Death to the present day (1997), pp. 25-6; id., 'Seventeenth century agriculture and social change' in Thirsk (ed.), Land, church and people. Essays presented to H. P. R. Finberg (1970), pp. 166-75; id., Economic policy and projects. The development of a consumer society in early modern England (1978), pp. 166-7.
3. J. Thirsk, Alternative agriculture. A history from the Black Death to the present day (1997), pp. 25-6; id., 'Seventeenth century agriculture and social change' in Thirsk (ed.), Land, church and people. Essays presented to H. P. R. Finberg (1970), pp. 166-75; id., Economic policy and projects. The development of a consumer society in early modern England (1978), pp. 166-7.
4. J. Holt, General view of the agriculture of the county of Lancaster ... (1794), p. 155.
5. B. A. Holderness, 'Prices, productivity and output' in G. E. Mingay (ed.), The Agrarian History of England and Wales, VI, (1989), pp. 159-70.
6. G. E. Fussell, The English dairy farmer, 1500-1900 (1966); P. R. Edwards, 'The development of dairy farming on the north Shropshire plain in the seventeenth century', Midland Hist. 4 (1978), pp. 175-90; Adrian Henstock, 'Cheese manufacture and marketing in Derbyshire and north Staffordshire, 1670-1870', Derbyshire Arch. J. 84 (1969), pp. 32-46; Roger Dalton, 'The relationship of the brewing industry of Burton upon Trent to local dairy farming in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries', East Midland Hist. 9 (1999), pp. 25-31; Charles F. Foster, Cheshire cheese and farming in the north west in the 17th and 18th centuries (1998); id., Four Cheshire townships in the 18th century: Arley, Appleton, Stockton Heath and Great Budworth (1992).
7. G. E. Fussell, The English dairy farmer, 1500-1900 (1966); P. R. Edwards, 'The development of dairy farming on the north Shropshire plain in the seventeenth century', Midland Hist. 4 (1978), pp. 175-90; Adrian Henstock, 'Cheese manufacture and marketing in Derbyshire and north Staffordshire, 1670-1870', Derbyshire Arch. J. 84 (1969), pp. 32-46; Roger Dalton, 'The relationship of the brewing industry of Burton upon Trent to local dairy farming in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries', East Midland Hist. 9 (1999), pp. 25-31; Charles F. Foster, Cheshire cheese and farming in the north west in the 17th and 18th centuries (1998); id., Four Cheshire townships in the 18th century: Arley, Appleton, Stockton Heath and Great Budworth (1992).
8. G. E. Fussell, The English dairy farmer, 1500-1900 (1966); P. R. Edwards, 'The development of dairy farming on the north Shropshire plain in the seventeenth century', Midland Hist. 4 (1978), pp. 175-90; Adrian Henstock, 'Cheese manufacture and marketing in Derbyshire and north Staffordshire, 1670-1870', Derbyshire Arch. J. 84 (1969), pp. 32-46; Roger Dalton, 'The relationship of the brewing industry of Burton upon Trent to local dairy farming in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries', East Midland Hist. 9 (1999), pp. 25-31; Charles F. Foster, Cheshire cheese and farming in the north west in the 17th and 18th centuries (1998); id., Four Cheshire townships in the 18th century: Arley, Appleton, Stockton Heath and Great Budworth (1992).
9. G. E. Fussell, The English dairy farmer, 1500-1900 (1966); P. R. Edwards, 'The development of dairy farming on the north Shropshire plain in the seventeenth century', Midland Hist. 4 (1978), pp. 175-90; Adrian Henstock, 'Cheese manufacture and marketing in Derbyshire and north Staffordshire, 1670-1870', Derbyshire Arch. J. 84 (1969), pp. 32-46; Roger Dalton, 'The relationship of the brewing industry of Burton upon Trent to local dairy farming in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries', East Midland Hist. 9 (1999), pp. 25-31; Charles F. Foster, Cheshire cheese and farming in the north west in the 17th and 18th centuries (1998); id., Four Cheshire townships in the 18th century: Arley, Appleton, Stockton Heath and Great Budworth (1992).
10. G. E. Fussell, The English dairy farmer, 1500-1900 (1966); P. R. Edwards, 'The development of dairy farming on the north Shropshire plain in the seventeenth century', Midland Hist. 4 (1978), pp. 175-90; Adrian Henstock, 'Cheese manufacture and marketing in Derbyshire and north Staffordshire, 1670-1870', Derbyshire Arch. J. 84 (1969), pp. 32-46; Roger Dalton, 'The relationship of the brewing industry of Burton upon Trent to local dairy farming in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries', East Midland Hist. 9 (1999), pp. 25-31; Charles F. Foster, Cheshire cheese and farming in the north west in the 17th and 18th centuries (1998); id., Four Cheshire townships in the 18th century: Arley, Appleton, Stockton Heath and Great Budworth (1992).
11. G. E. Fussell, The English dairy farmer, 1500-1900 (1966); P. R. Edwards, 'The development of dairy farming on the north Shropshire plain in the seventeenth century', Midland Hist. 4 (1978), pp. 175-90; Adrian Henstock, 'Cheese manufacture and marketing in Derbyshire and north Staffordshire, 1670-1870', Derbyshire Arch. J. 84 (1969), pp. 32-46; Roger Dalton, 'The relationship of the brewing industry of Burton upon Trent to local dairy farming in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries', East Midland Hist. 9 (1999), pp. 25-31; Charles F. Foster, Cheshire cheese and farming in the north west in the 17th and 18th centuries (1998); id., Four Cheshire townships in the 18th century: Arley, Appleton, Stockton Heath and Great Budworth (1992).
12. Quoted in Roger Dalton, 'Agricultural change in southern Derbyshire, 1800-1870', East Midland Geographer (1997), p. 40.
13. P. J. Atkins, 'The growth of London's railway milk trade, 1845-1914', J. Transport Hist., new ser. 4 (1978), pp. 208-26; id., 'The retail milk trade in London, c. 1790-1914', EcHR 33 (1980), pp. 522-37; T. W. Fletcher, 'Lancashire livestock farming during the Great Depression', AgHR 9 (1961), pp. 17-42; E. J. T. Collins (ed.), The Agrarian History of England and Wales, VII, 1850-1914 (2000), p. 99.
14. P. J. Atkins, 'The growth of London's railway milk trade, 1845-1914', J. Transport Hist., new ser. 4 (1978), pp. 208-26; id., 'The retail milk trade in London, c. 1790-1914', EcHR 33 (1980), pp. 522-37; T. W. Fletcher, 'Lancashire livestock farming during the Great Depression', AgHR 9 (1961), pp. 17-42; E. J. T. Collins (ed.), The Agrarian History of England and Wales, VII, 1850-1914 (2000), p. 99.
15. P. J. Atkins, 'The growth of London's railway milk trade, 1845-1914', J. Transport Hist., new ser. 4 (1978), pp. 208-26; id., 'The retail milk trade in London, c. 1790-1914', EcHR 33 (1980), pp. 522-37; T. W. Fletcher, 'Lancashire livestock farming during the Great Depression', AgHR 9 (1961), pp. 17-42; E. J. T. Collins (ed.), The Agrarian History of England and Wales, VII, 1850-1914 (2000), p. 99.
16. P. J. Atkins, 'The growth of London's railway milk trade, 1845-1914', J. Transport Hist., new ser. 4 (1978), pp. 208-26; id., 'The retail milk trade in London, c. 1790-1914', EcHR 33 (1980), pp. 522-37; T. W. Fletcher, 'Lancashire livestock farming during the Great Depression', AgHR 9 (1961), pp. 17-42; E. J. T. Collins (ed.), The Agrarian History of England and Wales, VII, 1850-1914 (2000), p. 99.
17. F. J. Furnivall (ed.) William Harrison's Description of England (1877), Book III, p. 8. As late as 1750 William Ellis noted Denbighshire sheep's cheese and a sheep/cow milk mixed cheese in Hertfordshire, but almost as curiosities: W. Ellis, The Modern Husbandman (8 vols, 1750), IV, pp. 172-3.
18. F. J. Furnivall (ed.) William Harrison's Description of England (1877), Book III, p. 8. As late as 1750 William Ellis noted Denbighshire sheep's cheese and a sheep/cow milk mixed cheese in Hertfordshire, but almost as curiosities: W. Ellis, The Modern Husbandman (8 vols, 1750), IV, pp. 172-3.
19. B. Dowe, A dairy book for good housewives (1588). This dialogue compares Dowe's mother's practices at Sibton c. 1510 with those employed by Hampshire dairymen in the 1580s. I would like to thank Jane Whittle for sharing this reference with me.
20. A. Clarke, 'An Essex dairy farm, 1629' Essex Rev. 21 (1912), pp. 156-9 (with 20 cows); G. E. Fussell (ed) Robert Lader's farm accounts (Camden Soc., third ser. 53, 1936), pp. xxv, xxvii, 152-7. Loder's Berkshire farm had a dairy herd of 12 cows in 1618.
21. A. Clarke, 'An Essex dairy farm, 1629' Essex Rev. 21 (1912), pp. 156-9 (with 20 cows); G. E. Fussell (ed) Robert Lader's farm accounts (Camden Soc., third ser. 53, 1936), pp. xxv, xxvii, 152-7. Loder's Berkshire farm had a dairy herd of 12 cows in 1618.
22. V. Skipp, Crisis and development. An ecological study of the Forest of Arden, 1570-1674 (1978), pp. 50-4, 95, 106; D. G. Hey, An English Rural Community. Myddle under the Tudors and Stuarts (1974), pp. 65-70.
23. V. Skipp, Crisis and development. An ecological study of the Forest of Arden, 1570-1674 (1978), pp. 50-4, 95, 106; D. G. Hey, An English Rural Community. Myddle under the Tudors and Stuarts (1974), pp. 65-70.
24. Agrarian History IV, pp. 510-28 passim.
25. BL, Lansdowne Ms 21, no. 10 (1575); 43 no. 70 (1585); Add. Ms 69914, fo. 38; Agrarian History IV, pp. 510-28 passim.
26. BL, Lansdowne Ms 21, no. 10 (1575); 43 no. 70 (1585); Add. Ms 69914, fo. 38; Agrarian History IV, pp. 510-28 passim.
27. BL, Lansdowne Ms 21, no. 10 (1575); 43 no. 70 (1585); Add. Ms 69914, fo. 38; Agrarian History IV, pp. 510-28 passim.
28. Sheffield University Library, Hartlib paper 62/50/7A-B.
29. BL, Verney papers microfilm, M636/16, William Denton to Sir Ralph Verney, 22 Oct. 1658.
30. John Broad, 'Alternate husbandry and permanent pasture in the Midlands, 1650-1800', AgHR 28 (1980), pp. 77-89.
31. John Broad, 'Landscape, employment and farming in Bernwood, 1600-1880', in J. Broad and R. Hoyle (eds), Bernwood, The life and afterlife of a forest (1997), pp. 77-82; J. Broad, Transforming English rural society. The Verneys and the Claydons, 1600-1820 (2004), pp. 246-9.
32. John Broad, 'Landscape, employment and farming in Bernwood, 1600-1880', in J. Broad and R. Hoyle (eds), Bernwood, The life and afterlife of a forest (1997), pp. 77-82; J. Broad, Transforming English rural society. The Verneys and the Claydons, 1600-1820 (2004), pp. 246-9.
33. Edwards, 'Development of dairy farming'; Henstock, 'Cheese manufacture'; Hey, Myddle, pp. 64-6.
34. Edwards, 'Development of dairy farming'; Henstock, 'Cheese manufacture'; Hey, Myddle, pp. 64-6.
35. Edwards, 'Development of dairy farming'; Henstock, 'Cheese manufacture'; Hey, Myddle, pp. 64-6.
36. Foster, Cheshire Cheese, pp. 17-24, 71-6; Communications to the Board of Agriculture on Farm Buildings &c with preliminary observations on the origin of the Board of Agriculture (1796), p. 35; see also A. McInnes 'The village community' in C. Harrison (ed.) Essays on the history of Keele (1986), p. 53.
37. Foster, Cheshire Cheese, pp. 17-24, 71-6; Communications to the Board of Agriculture on Farm Buildings &c with preliminary observations on the origin of the Board of Agriculture (1796), p. 35; see also A. McInnes 'The village community' in C. Harrison (ed.) Essays on the history of Keele (1986), p. 53.
38. Foster, Cheshire Cheese, pp. 17-24, 71-6; Communications to the Board of Agriculture on Farm Buildings &c with preliminary observations on the origin of the Board of Agriculture (1796), p. 35; see also A. McInnes 'The village community' in C. Harrison (ed.) Essays on the history of Keele (1986), p. 53.
39. I am grateful to Dr Griffiths for details of her ongoing researches in Norfolk, and see her paper in this volume.
40. G. V. Harrison, 'The South-West', in J. Thirsk (ed.) Agrarian History of England and Wales, V (i) (1984), pp. 378-80; P. Horn, 'The Dorset dairy system', AgHR 26 (1978), p. 101.
41. G. V. Harrison, 'The South-West', in J. Thirsk (ed.) Agrarian History of England and Wales, V (i) (1984), pp. 378-80; P. Horn, 'The Dorset dairy system', AgHR 26 (1978), p. 101.
42. J. Claridge, General view of the agriculture of the county of Dorset (1793), pp. 53-4; W. Stevenson, General view of the agriculture of the county of Dorset (1812), pp. 382-9; Horn, 'Dorset dairy system', pp. 100-7.
43. J. Claridge, General view of the agriculture of the county of Dorset (1793), pp. 53-4; W. Stevenson, General view of the agriculture of the county of Dorset (1812), pp. 382-9; Horn, 'Dorset dairy system', pp. 100-7.
44. J. Claridge, General view of the agriculture of the county of Dorset (1793), pp. 53-4; W. Stevenson, General view of the agriculture of the county of Dorset (1812), pp. 382-9; Horn, 'Dorset dairy system', pp. 100-7.
45. Leigh Shaw-Taylor, 'Labourers, cows, common rights and parliamentary enclosure: the evidence of contemporary comment, c. 1760-1810', Past & Present 171 (2001), 95-126; id., 'Parliamentary enclosure and the emergence of an English agricultural proletariat', JEcH 61 (2001), pp. 640-62.
46. Leigh Shaw-Taylor, 'Labourers, cows, common rights and parliamentary enclosure: the evidence of contemporary comment, c. 1760-1810', Past & Present 171 (2001), 95-126; id., 'Parliamentary enclosure and the emergence of an English agricultural proletariat', JEcH 61 (2001), pp. 640-62.
47. Edward Butterfield to Sir Ralph Verney, 15 Dec. 1672, Claydon House Mss 4/5/25; Buckinghamshire RO, PR51/10/1. Richard Baxter quoted in J. Thirsk and J. P. Cooper (eds), Seventeenth-century economic documents (1972), p. 183. Huntington Library, Herbert Mss, H106.
48. A. Young, Annals of Agriculture 37 (1815), pp. 514-50; R. Gourlay, General introduction to the statistical account of Upper Canada (1822), pp. lxxii-xcii. At Aslackby one Daniel Harris was running a commercial dairy on 131/2 acres.
49. A. Young, Annals of Agriculture 37 (1815), pp. 514-50; R. Gourlay, General introduction to the statistical account of Upper Canada (1822), pp. lxxii-xcii. At Aslackby one Daniel Harris was running a commercial dairy on 131/2 acres.
50. G. Foot, General view of the agriculture of Middlesex (1794), pp. 80-4; W. James, and J. Malcolm, General view of the agriculture of Surrey (1794), pp. 80-4; R. Parkinson, Treatise on the breeding and management of livestock (1810), pp. 64-82. J. Broad, 'The cattle plague in eighteenth-century England', AgHR 31 (1983), pp. 104-5.
51. G. Foot, General view of the agriculture of Middlesex (1794), pp. 80-4; W. James, and J. Malcolm, General view of the agriculture of Surrey (1794), pp. 80-4; R. Parkinson, Treatise on the breeding and management of livestock (1810), pp. 64-82. J. Broad, 'The cattle plague in eighteenth-century England', AgHR 31 (1983), pp. 104-5.
52. G. Foot, General view of the agriculture of Middlesex (1794), pp. 80-4; W. James, and J. Malcolm, General view of the agriculture of Surrey (1794), pp. 80-4; R. Parkinson, Treatise on the breeding and management of livestock (1810), pp. 64-82. J. Broad, 'The cattle plague in eighteenth-century England', AgHR 31 (1983), pp. 104-5.
53. G. Foot, General view of the agriculture of Middlesex (1794), pp. 80-4; W. James, and J. Malcolm, General view of the agriculture of Surrey (1794), pp. 80-4; R. Parkinson, Treatise on the breeding and management of livestock (1810), pp. 64-82. J. Broad, 'The cattle plague in eighteenth-century England', AgHR 31 (1983), pp. 104-5.
54. Holt, General View ... county of Lancaster, pp. 149-50; J. Bailey and G. A. Culley, General view of the agriculture of Northumberland (third edn, 1805); G. Rennie, R. Brown and J. Shirreff, A general view of the agriculture of West Riding of Yorkshire (1794), pp. 70-1; G. Walker The costume of Yorkshire (1814, repr. 1978), pl. XVI. I am grateful to Richard Hoyle for bringing this to my attention.
55. Holt, General View ... county of Lancaster, pp. 149-50; J. Bailey and G. A. Culley, General view of the agriculture of Northumberland (third edn, 1805); G. Rennie, R. Brown and J. Shirreff, A general view of the agriculture of West Riding of Yorkshire (1794), pp. 70-1; G. Walker The costume of Yorkshire (1814, repr. 1978), pl. XVI. I am grateful to Richard Hoyle for bringing this to my attention.
56. Holt, General View ... county of Lancaster, pp. 149-50; J. Bailey and G. A. Culley, General view of the agriculture of Northumberland (third edn, 1805); G. Rennie, R. Brown and J. Shirreff, A general view of the agriculture of West Riding of Yorkshire (1794), pp. 70-1; G. Walker The costume of Yorkshire (1814, repr. 1978), pl. XVI. I am grateful to Richard Hoyle for bringing this to my attention.
57. Holt, General View ... county of Lancaster, pp. 149-50; J. Bailey and G. A. Culley, General view of the agriculture of Northumberland (third edn, 1805); G. Rennie, R. Brown and J. Shirreff, A general view of the agriculture of West Riding of Yorkshire (1794), pp. 70-1; G. Walker The costume of Yorkshire (1814, repr. 1978), pl. XVI. I am grateful to Richard Hoyle for bringing this to my attention.
58. W. Gooch, A general view of the agriculture of Cambridge (1813), pp. 267-8; T. Davis, A general view of the agriculture of Wiltshire (1813), pp. 183-4; J. Billingsley, A general view of the agriculture of Somersetshire (1798), pp. 247-8; W. Marshall, The rural economy of Glocestershire (1786), pp. 285-9; J. Twamley, Dairying exemplified (1787), p. 24.
59. W. Gooch, A general view of the agriculture of Cambridge (1813), pp. 267-8; T. Davis, A general view of the agriculture of Wiltshire (1813), pp. 183-4; J. Billingsley, A general view of the agriculture of Somersetshire (1798), pp. 247-8; W. Marshall, The rural economy of Glocestershire (1786), pp. 285-9; J. Twamley, Dairying exemplified (1787), p. 24.
60. W. Gooch, A general view of the agriculture of Cambridge (1813), pp. 267-8; T. Davis, A general view of the agriculture of Wiltshire (1813), pp. 183-4; J. Billingsley, A general view of the agriculture of Somersetshire (1798), pp. 247-8; W. Marshall, The rural economy of Glocestershire (1786), pp. 285-9; J. Twamley, Dairying exemplified (1787), p. 24.
61. W. Gooch, A general view of the agriculture of Cambridge (1813), pp. 267-8; T. Davis, A general view of the agriculture of Wiltshire (1813), pp. 183-4; J. Billingsley, A general view of the agriculture of Somersetshire (1798), pp. 247-8; W. Marshall, The rural economy of Glocestershire (1786), pp. 285-9; J. Twamley, Dairying exemplified (1787), p. 24.
62. W. Gooch, A general view of the agriculture of Cambridge (1813), pp. 267-8; T. Davis, A general view of the agriculture of Wiltshire (1813), pp. 183-4; J. Billingsley, A general view of the agriculture of Somersetshire (1798), pp. 247-8; W. Marshall, The rural economy of Glocestershire (1786), pp. 285-9; J. Twamley, Dairying exemplified (1787), p. 24.
63. J. Farey, A general view of the agriculture and minerals of Derbyshire (3 vols, 1811-17), I, pp. 55, 58; W. Pitt, A general view of the agriculture of Leicestershire (1809), pp. 154, 223.
64. J. Farey, A general view of the agriculture and minerals of Derbyshire (3 vols, 1811-17), I, pp. 55, 58; W. Pitt, A general view of the agriculture of Leicestershire (1809), pp. 154, 223.
65. Holt, General view ... county of Lancaster, pp. 145-8; T. Wedge, A general view of the agriculture of Chester (1794). pp. 40-60.
66. Holt, General view ... county of Lancaster, pp. 145-8; T. Wedge, A general view of the agriculture of Chester (1794). pp. 40-60.
67. A. Young, A general view of the agriculture of Suffolk (1804), pp. 163, 199-201; Broad, 'Alternate husbandry', pp. 77-89.
68. A. Young, A general view of the agriculture of Suffolk (1804), pp. 163, 199-201; Broad, 'Alternate husbandry', pp. 77-89.
69. W. Stevenson, A general view of the agriculture of Surrey (1813), p. 392; J. Twamley, Essays on the management of the dairy (1816), pp. 91-3; J. Houghton, Collection for the improvement of husbandry and trade, CLXVIII-CLX (1695).
70. W. Stevenson, A general view of the agriculture of Surrey (1813), p. 392; J. Twamley, Essays on the management of the dairy (1816), pp. 91-3; J. Houghton, Collection for the improvement of husbandry and trade, CLXVIII-CLX (1695).
71. W. Stevenson, A general view of the agriculture of Surrey (1813), p. 392; J. Twamley, Essays on the management of the dairy (1816), pp. 91-3; J. Houghton, Collection for the improvement of husbandry and trade, CLXVIII-CLX (1695).
72. J. Bailey and G. Culley, A general view of the agriculture of Cumberland (1794), p. 19; Rennie et al, General View ... West Riding of Yorkshire, p. 107.
73. J. Bailey and G. Culley, A general view of the agriculture of Cumberland (1794), p. 19; Rennie et al, General View ... West Riding of Yorkshire, p. 107.
74. A. Young, A general view of the agriculture of Norfolk (1804), pp. 445, 479; A. Strickland, A general view of the agriculture of East Riding of Yorkshire (1813), p. 165; E. J. T. Collins, 'Rural and agricultural change', in Collins (ed.), Agrarian History, VII, p. 106; Boys, A general view of the agriculture of Kent (1813), p. 170; A. Young, A general view of the agriculture of Lincolnshire (1813), pp. 332-3.
75. A. Young, A general view of the agriculture of Norfolk (1804), pp. 445, 479; A. Strickland, A general view of the agriculture of East Riding of Yorkshire (1813), p. 165; E. J. T. Collins, 'Rural and agricultural change', in Collins (ed.), Agrarian History, VII, p. 106; Boys, A general view of the agriculture of Kent (1813), p. 170; A. Young, A general view of the agriculture of Lincolnshire (1813), pp. 332-3.
76. A. Young, A general view of the agriculture of Norfolk (1804), pp. 445, 479; A. Strickland, A general view of the agriculture of East Riding of Yorkshire (1813), p. 165; E. J. T. Collins, 'Rural and agricultural change', in Collins (ed.), Agrarian History, VII, p. 106; Boys, A general view of the agriculture of Kent (1813), p. 170; A. Young, A general view of the agriculture of Lincolnshire (1813), pp. 332-3.
77. A. Young, A general view of the agriculture of Norfolk (1804), pp. 445, 479; A. Strickland, A general view of the agriculture of East Riding of Yorkshire (1813), p. 165; E. J. T. Collins, 'Rural and agricultural change', in Collins (ed.), Agrarian History, VII, p. 106; Boys, A general view of the agriculture of Kent (1813), p. 170; A. Young, A general view of the agriculture of Lincolnshire (1813), pp. 332-3.
78. A. Young, A general view of the agriculture of Norfolk (1804), pp. 445, 479; A. Strickland, A general view of the agriculture of East Riding of Yorkshire (1813), p. 165; E. J. T. Collins, 'Rural and agricultural change', in Collins (ed.), Agrarian History, VII, p. 106; Boys, A general view of the agriculture of Kent (1813), p. 170; A. Young, A general view of the agriculture of Lincolnshire (1813), pp. 332-3.
79. Farey, General view ... Derbyshire, III, pp. 35-6; Holt, General view ... county of Lancaster, p. 144.
80. Farey, General view ... Derbyshire, III, pp. 35-6; Holt, General view ... county of Lancaster, p. 144.
81. Foot, General view ... Middlesex, p. 83; W. James and J. Malcolm, A general view of the agriculture of Buckinghamshire (1794), pp. 14, 42; id., General view ... Surrey, p. 57; J. Donaldson, A general view of the agriculture of Northamptonshire (1794), p. 51.
82. Foot, General view ... Middlesex, p. 83; W. James and J. Malcolm, A general view of the agriculture of Buckinghamshire (1794), pp. 14, 42; id., General view ... Surrey, p. 57; J. Donaldson, A general view of the agriculture of Northamptonshire (1794), p. 51.
83. Foot, General view ... Middlesex, p. 83; W. James and J. Malcolm, A general view of the agriculture of Buckinghamshire (1794), pp. 14, 42; id., General view ... Surrey, p. 57; J. Donaldson, A general view of the agriculture of Northamptonshire (1794), p. 51.
84. Foot, General view ... Middlesex, p. 83; W. James and J. Malcolm, A general view of the agriculture of Buckinghamshire (1794), pp. 14, 42; id., General view ... Surrey, p. 57; J. Donaldson, A general view of the agriculture of Northamptonshire (1794), p. 51.
85. Holt, General view ... county of Lancaster, pp. 155, 175; Wedge, General view ... Cheshire, p. 40.
86. Holt, General view ... county of Lancaster, pp. 155, 175; Wedge, General view ... Cheshire, p. 40.
87. Marshall, Rural economy ... Glocestershire, pp. 217-21, 315; Davis, General view ... Wiltshire, pp. 202, 208; Billingsley, General view ... Somerset, pp. 142-9, 248.
88. Marshall, Rural economy ... Glocestershire, pp. 217-21, 315; Davis, General view ... Wiltshire, pp. 202, 208; Billingsley, General view ... Somerset, pp. 142-9, 248.
89. Marshall, Rural economy ... Glocestershire, pp. 217-21, 315; Davis, General view ... Wiltshire, pp. 202, 208; Billingsley, General view ... Somerset, pp. 142-9, 248.
90. Farey, General view ... Derbyshire, III, pp. 1-2, 161; W. Pitt, A general view of the agriculture of Staffordshire (1796), p. 151; id., General view ... Staffordshire (1808), p. 175.
91. Farey, General view ... Derbyshire, III, pp. 1-2, 161; W. Pitt, A general view of the agriculture of Staffordshire (1796), p. 151; id., General view ... Staffordshire (1808), p. 175.
92. Farey, General view ... Derbyshire, III, pp. 1-2, 161; W. Pitt, A general view of the agriculture of Staffordshire (1796), p. 151; id., General view ... Staffordshire (1808), p. 175.
93. Foster, Cheshire Cheese, pp. 17-24, 71-6.
94. Ibid., pp. 17-24, 71-6.
95. W. M. Stern, 'Cheese shipped coastwise to London towards the middle of the eighteenth century', Guildhall Misc., 4 (1973), pp. 207-21; id., 'Where, oh where, are the Cheesemongers of London?', London J., 5 (1979), pp. 228-48; J. A. Chartres, 'The marketing of agricultural produce', in Thirsk (ed.), Agrarian History V (ii), p. 487.
96. W. M. Stern, 'Cheese shipped coastwise to London towards the middle of the eighteenth century', Guildhall Misc., 4 (1973), pp. 207-21; id., 'Where, oh where, are the Cheesemongers of London?', London J., 5 (1979), pp. 228-48; J. A. Chartres, 'The marketing of agricultural produce', in Thirsk (ed.), Agrarian History V (ii), p. 487.
97. W. M. Stern, 'Cheese shipped coastwise to London towards the middle of the eighteenth century', Guildhall Misc., 4 (1973), pp. 207-21; id., 'Where, oh where, are the Cheesemongers of London?', London J., 5 (1979), pp. 228-48; J. A. Chartres, 'The marketing of agricultural produce', in Thirsk (ed.), Agrarian History V (ii), p. 487.
98. Houghton (ed.), Collection, CLV (19 June 1695); Thirsk (ed.), Agrarian History V (ii), pp. 361-3.
99. Houghton (ed.), Collection, CLV (19 June 1695); Thirsk (ed.), Agrarian History V (ii), pp. 361-3.
100. A. Young, A six months tour through the North of England (1770), pp. 428-33; Houghton (ed.), Collection, CLX (June 1695).
101. A. Young, A six months tour through the North of England (1770), pp. 428-33; Houghton (ed.), Collection, CLX (June 1695).
102. Farey, General view ... Derbyshire, III, p. 61.
103. Sheffield University Library, Hartlib papers 33/1 (Robert Wood to Hartlib, Nov. 1658); Houghton (ed.), Collection ... CLIII, CLIV (July 1695); R. Bradley, The country housewife and lady's director (1727), pp. 76-83.
104. Sheffield University Library, Hartlib papers 33/1 (Robert Wood to Hartlib, Nov. 1658); Houghton (ed.), Collection ... CLIII, CLIV (July 1695); R. Bradley, The country housewife and lady's director (1727), pp. 76-83.
105. Davis, General View ... Wiltshire, p. 183; R. Mavor, A general view of the agriculture of Berkshire (1808), p. 274; Marshall, Rural economy ... Glocestershire, p. 289.
106. Davis, General View ... Wiltshire, p. 183; R. Mavor, A general view of the agriculture of Berkshire (1808), p. 274; Marshall, Rural economy ... Glocestershire, p. 289.
107. Davis, General View ... Wiltshire, p. 183; R. Mavor, A general view of the agriculture of Berkshire (1808), p. 274; Marshall, Rural economy ... Glocestershire, p. 289.
108. Billingsley, General View ... Somerset (1798), pp. 248-50.
109. W. Marshall, Rural economy of the Midland Counties (1796), p. 323; Wedge, General view ... Cheshire, p. 45; Holt, General view ... county of Lancaster, p. 146; Twamley, Dairying exemplified, pp. 66-77; R. Parkinson, Treatise on the breeding and management of livestock (1810), p. 59; Farey, General view ... Derbyshire, III, p. 58.
110. W. Marshall, Rural economy of the Midland Counties (1796), p. 323; Wedge, General view ... Cheshire, p. 45; Holt, General view ... county of Lancaster, p. 146; Twamley, Dairying exemplified, pp. 66-77; R. Parkinson, Treatise on the breeding and management of livestock (1810), p. 59; Farey, General view ... Derbyshire, III, p. 58.
111. W. Marshall, Rural economy of the Midland Counties (1796), p. 323; Wedge, General view ... Cheshire, p. 45; Holt, General view ... county of Lancaster, p. 146; Twamley, Dairying exemplified, pp. 66-77; R. Parkinson, Treatise on the breeding and management of livestock (1810), p. 59; Farey, General view ... Derbyshire, III, p. 58.
112. W. Marshall, Rural economy of the Midland Counties (1796), p. 323; Wedge, General view ... Cheshire, p. 45; Holt, General view ... county of Lancaster, p. 146; Twamley, Dairying exemplified, pp. 66-77; R. Parkinson, Treatise on the breeding and management of livestock (1810), p. 59; Farey, General view ... Derbyshire, III, p. 58.
113. W. Marshall, Rural economy of the Midland Counties (1796), p. 323; Wedge, General view ... Cheshire, p. 45; Holt, General view ... county of Lancaster, p. 146; Twamley, Dairying exemplified, pp. 66-77; R. Parkinson, Treatise on the breeding and management of livestock (1810), p. 59; Farey, General view ... Derbyshire, III, p. 58.
114. W. Marshall, Rural economy of the Midland Counties (1796), p. 323; Wedge, General view ... Cheshire, p. 45; Holt, General view ... county of Lancaster, p. 146; Twamley, Dairying exemplified, pp. 66-77; R. Parkinson, Treatise on the breeding and management of livestock (1810), p. 59; Farey, General view ... Derbyshire, III, p. 58.
115. Marshall, Rural economy of Glocestershire, pp. 307, 314.
116. A. Young, A six month's tour through the North of England (4 vols, 1770), IV, p. 433; T. Davis, A general view ... Wiltshire (1813), p. 135.
117. A. Young, A six month's tour through the North of England (4 vols, 1770), IV, p. 433; T. Davis, A general view ... Wiltshire (1813), p. 135.
118. C. Vancouver, A general view of the agriculture of Cambridge (1813), p. 268; J. Twamley and J. Anderson, Essays in the management of the dairy (1816), p. 91.
119. C. Vancouver, A general view of the agriculture of Cambridge (1813), p. 268; J. Twamley and J. Anderson, Essays in the management of the dairy (1816), p. 91.
120. Ibid., p. 98; Statutes 36 Geo III c. 86, 38 Geo III c. 83.
121. C. Vancouver, General view of the agriculture of Devon (1808), pp. 230-1.
122. B. A. Holderness, 'Prices, productivity and output', pp. 163-5.
123. Davis, General view ... Wiltshire, p. 168.
124. Dalton, 'Agricultural change', pp. 39-40.
125. Billingsley, General view ... Somerset (1798), p. 252; Pitt, General View ... Worcester (1813), p. 20. Twamley also argued that driving the cows to milking or carrying the milk from the fields in pails damaged the milk. Dairying exemplified, p. 26.
126. Billingsley, General view ... Somerset (1798), p. 252; Pitt, General View ... Worcester (1813), p. 20. Twamley also argued that driving the cows to milking or carrying the milk from the fields in pails damaged the milk. Dairying exemplified, p. 26.
127. Billingsley, General view ... Somerset (1798), p. 252; Pitt, General View ... Worcester (1813), p. 20. Twamley also argued that driving the cows to milking or carrying the milk from the fields in pails damaged the milk. Dairying exemplified, p. 26.
128. J. Plymley, A general view of the agriculture of Shropshire (1803), p. 259; Wedge, General view ... Chester, p. 32.
129. J. Plymley, A general view of the agriculture of Shropshire (1803), p. 259; Wedge, General view ... Chester, p. 32.
130. Davis, General view ... Wiltshire, p. 184; Billingsley, General view ... Somerset, p. 252; W. Pearce, A general view of the agriculture of Berkshire (1794), p. 48.
131. Davis, General view ... Wiltshire, p. 184; Billingsley, General view ... Somerset, p. 252; W. Pearce, A general view of the agriculture of Berkshire (1794), p. 48.
132. Davis, General view ... Wiltshire, p. 184; Billingsley, General view ... Somerset, p. 252; W. Pearce, A general view of the agriculture of Berkshire (1794), p. 48.
133. W. Pitt, General view ... Leicester (1809), p. 238; St John Priest, General view of the agriculture of Buckinghamshire (1810), pp. 281-6.
134. W. Pitt, General view ... Leicester (1809), p. 238; St John Priest, General view of the agriculture of Buckinghamshire (1810), pp. 281-6.