The European Union and gender equality: Emergent varieties of gender regime

Social Politics

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 4-29+145

  Walby, Sylvia ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 4344610104     PISSN: 10724745     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/sp/jxh024     Document Type: Review

References (105)

1. Barnard, Catherine. 2000. EC Employment Law, 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2. Bell, Mark. 1999. "Shifting Conceptions of Sexual Discrimination of the Court of Justice from P v S to Grant v SWT." European Law Journal 5(1): 63-81.
3. Berkovitch, Nitza. 1999. From Motherhood to Citizenship: Women's Rights and International Organizations. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press.
4. Beveridge, Fiona, and Sue Nott. 2002. "Mainstreaming: A Case for Optimism and Cynicism." Feminist Legal Studies 10: 299-311.
5. Boli, John, and George M. Thomas. 1997. "World Culture in the World Polity: A Century of International Nongovernmental Organization." American Sociological Review 62: 171-190.
6. Bornschier, Volker, and Patrick Ziltener. 1999. "The Revitalization of Western Europe and the Politics of the 'Social Dimension.'" In European Societies: Fusion or Fission, ed. Thomas Boje, Bart van Steenbergen, and Sylvia Walby. London: Routledge.
7. Brownmiller, Susan. 1976. Against Our Will: Men, Women and Rape. London: Penguin.
8. Brush, Lisa D. 2002. "Changing the Subject: Gender and Welfare Regime Studies." Social Politics 9: 161-186.
9. Castells, Manuel. 1996. The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture; Volume 1: The Rise of the Network Society. Oxford: Blackwell.
10. Cerny, Philip G. 1996. "International Finance and the Erosion of State Policy Capacity." In Globalization and Public Policy, ed. Philip Gummett. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
11. Cichowski, Rachel A. 2003. "Women's Transnational Activism: Political and Legal Mobilisation in Europe." Paper presented at National Feminisms in a Transnational Arena: The European Union and the Politics of Gender, University of Wisconsin at Madison, April 2003.
12. Connell, Robert W. 1987. Gender and Power: Society, the Person, Sexual Politics. Cambridge: Polity.
13. _. 1990. "The State, Gender, and Sexual Politics." Theory and Society 19: 507-544.
14. _. 1995. Masculinities. Cambridge: Polity.
15. _. 2002. Gender. Cambridge: Polity.
16. Crouch, Colin, and Wolfgang Streeck (eds.). 1997. Political Economy of Modern Capitalism: Mapping Convergence and Diversity. London: Sage.
17. Delphy, Christine. 1984. Close to Home: A Materialist Analysis of Women's Oppression. London: Hutchinson.
18. Dimitrakopoulos, Dionyssis G. 2001. "The Transposition of EU Law: 'Post-decisional polities' and Institutional Autonomy." European Law Journal 7(4): 442-458.
19. Elman, Amy R. (ed.). 1996. Sexual Politics and the European Union. Oxford: Berghahn Books.
20. Esping-Andersen, Gøsta. 1990. The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Cambridge: Polity.
21. European Commission. 1994. Sex Equality Legislation in the Member States of the European Community, by Barry Fitzpatrick, Jeanne Gregory, and Erika Szysczak. Brussels: DGV, European Commission.
22. _. 2003a. "European Employment Strategy and the Open Coordination Method on Social Inclusion." Online document available at http://aspen.fss.uu.nl/policiesprogrammes.php.
23. _. 2003b. "The Social Inclusion Process." Online document available at http://europa.eu.int/comm/employment_social/soc-prot/soc-incl/index_en.htm.
24. _. 2003c. "Enlargement." Online document available at http://europa.eu.int/comm.enlargement/index_en.html.
25. European Convention. 2002. Preliminary Draft, Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe. Brussels: European Convention of the European Commission.
26. _. 2003a. Draft Text of the Articles 1 to 16 of the Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe. Brussels: European Convention of the European Commission.
27. _. 2003b. Report of WG XI - Social Europe. Brussels: European Convention of the European Commission.
28. European Parliament, Directorate General for Research. 1994. "Measures to Combat Sexual Harassment at the Workplace: Action Taken in the Member States of the European Community." Working Paper in the Women's Rights Series, European Parliament, Strasbourg.
29. Felski, Rita. 1997. "The doxa of difference." Signs 23(1): 1-22.
30. Ferree, Myra Marx, William A. Gamson, Jürgen Gerhards, and Dieter Rucht. 2002. "Four Models of the Public Sphere in Modern Democracies. " Theory and Society 31: 289-324.
31. Guerrina, Roberta. 2002. "Mothering in Europe: Feminist Critique of European Policies on Motherhood and Employment." European Journal of Women's Studies 9(1): 49-68.
32. Hantrais, Linda. 1995. Social Policy in the European Union. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
33. Hall, Peter A., and David Soskice (eds.). 2001. Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
34. Hanmer, Jalna. 2000. "The Common Market of Violence." Pp. 131-145 in Gender Policies in the European Union, ed. Mariagrazia Rossilli. New York: Peter Lang.
35. Held, David, Anthony McGrew, David Goldblatt, and Jonathan Perraton. 1999. Global Transformations: Politics, Economics and Culture. Cambridge: Polity Press.
36. Hettne, Bjorn, Andras Inotai, and Osvaldo Sunkel (eds.). 1999. Globalism and the New Regionalism. Volume I. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
37. Hirst, Paul, and Grahame Thompson. 1996. Globalization in Question: The International Economy and the Possibilities of Governance. Cambridge: Polity Press.
38. Hobson, Barbara (ed.). 2000. Gender and Citizenship in Transition. London: Macmillan.
39. Holli, Anne Maria. 1997. "On Equality and Trojan Horses: The Challenges of the Finnish Experience to Feminist Theory." European Journal of Women's Studies 4(2): 133-164.
40. Homes, Peter, and Alasdair Smith. 1992. "The EC, the USA and Japan: The Trilateral Relationship in World Context." Pp. 185-210 in The European Economy, ed. David Dyker. London: Longman.
41. Hoskyns, Catherine. 1996. Integrating Gender: Women, Law and Politics in the European Union. London: Verso.
42. Inglehart, Ronald. 1997. Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic, and Political Change in 43 Societies. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
43. Jenson, Jane. 1997. "Who Cares? Gender and Welfare Regimes." Social Politics 4(2): 182-187.
44. Jervis, Robert. 1995. System Effects: Complexity in Political and Social Life. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
45. Kapteyn, Paul. 1996. The Stateless Market: The European Dilemma of Integration and Civilization. London: Routledge.
46. Keck, Margaret E., and Kathryn Sikkink. 1998. Activists beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
47. Keohane, Robert O. 1989. International Institutions and State Power: Essays in International Relations Theory. San Francisco: Westview Press.
48. Lewis, Jane. 1992. "Gender and the Development of Welfare Regimes." Journal of European Social Policy 3: 159-173.
49. Liebert, Ulrike. 2002. "Europeanising Gender Mainstreaming: Constraints and Opportunities in the Multilevel Euro-Polity." Feminist Legal Studies 10: 241-256.
50. Lombardo, Emanuela. 2003. "EU Gender Policy: Trapped in the 'Wollstonecraft Dilemma.'" European Journal of Women's Studies 10(2): 159-180.
51. Longo, Patricia. 2001. "Revisiting the Equality/Difference Dbate: Redefining Citizenship for the New Millennium." Citizenship Studies 5(3): 269-284.
52. Lorber, Judith. 2000. "Using Gender to Undo Gender: A Feminist Degendering Movement." Feminist Theory 1(1): 79-95.
53. MacKinnon, Catharine. 1989. Toward a Feminist Theory of the State. Cambridge Mass, USA: Harvard University Press.
54. Majone, Giandomenico. 1993. "The European Community between Social Policy and Social Regulation." Journal of Common Market Studies 31(2): 153-170.
55. Mancini, G. F., and S. O'Leary. 1999. "The New Frontiers of Sex Equality Law in the European Union." European Law Review 24: 331-353.
56. Mazey, Sonia. 2000. "Introduction: Integrating Gender - Intellectual and 'Real World' Mainstreaming." Journal of European Public Policy 7(3): 333-345.
57. Mazur, Amy. 2002. Theorizing Feminist Policy, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
58. McGlynn, Clare. 2000. "Ideologies of Motherhood in European Sex Equality Law." European Law Journal 6(1): 29-44.
59. Meyer, John W., John Boli, George M. Thomas, and Francisco O. Ramirez. 1997. "World Society and the Nation-State." American Journal of Sociology 103(1): 144-181.
60. Milward, A. S. 1992. The European Rescue of the Nation-State. New York: Routledge.
61. Moghadam, Valentine M. 1996. "The Fourth World Conference on Women: Dissension and Consensus." Indian Journal of Gender Studies 3(1): 93-102.
62. Moravcsik, A. 1993. "Preferences and Power in the European Community: A Liberal Intergovernmentalist Approach." Journal of Common Market Studies 31: 473-526.
63. O'Connor, Julia S., Ann Shola Orloff, and Sheila Shaver. 1999. States, Markets, Families: Gender, Liberalism and Social Policy in Australia, Canada, Great Britain and the United States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
64. Orloff, Ann Shola. 1993. "Gender and the Social Rights of Ctizenship: State Policies and Gender Relations in Comparative Perspective." American Sociological Review 58(3): 303-328.
65. Ostner, Ilona, and Jane Lewis. 1995. "Gender and the Evolution of European Social Policies." Pp. 159-193 in European Social Policy: Between Fragmentation and Integration, ed. Stephan Leibfried and Paul Pierson. Washington DC, Brookings.
66. Pascual, Amparo Serrano, and Ute Behning (eds.). 2001. Gender Main-streaming in the European Employment Strategy. Brussels: European Trade Union Institute.
67. Peters, Julie, and Andrea Wolper (eds.). 1995. Women's Rights, Human Rights: International Feminist Perspectives. London: Routledge.
68. Pillinger, Jane. 1992. Feminising the Market: Women's Pay and Employment in the European Community. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
69. Pollack, Mark A., and Emilie Hafner-Burton. 2000. "Mainstreaming Gender in the European Union." Journal of European Public Policy 7(3): 432-456.
70. Rees, Teresa. 1998. Mainstreaming Equality in the European Union: Education, Training and Labour Market Policies. London: Routledge.
71. Reid, Madeleine. 1992. "Abortion Law in Ireland after the Maastricht Referendum." Pp. 25-39 in The Abortion Papers: Ireland, ed. Ailbhe Smyth. Dublin: Attic Press.
72. Risse, Thomas. 1999. "International Norms and Domestic Change: Arguing and Communicative Behaviour in the Human Rights Area." Politics and Society 27(4): 529-559.
73. Rosaldo, Michelle Zimbalist (ed.). 1974. Woman, Culture and Society. Stanford California: Stanford University Press.
74. Rossilli, Mariagrazia. 1997. "The European Community's Policy on the Equality of Women: From the Treaty of Rome to the Present." European Journal of Women's Studies 4(1): 63-82.
75. Rossilli, Mariagrazia (ed.). 2000. Gender Policies in the European Union. New York: Peter Lang.
76. Rubery, Jill, Mark Smith, and Colette Fagan. 1999a. Women's Employment in Europe: Trends and Prospects. London: Routledge.
77. Rubery, J., A.-L. Ellingsæter, M.-P. Gonzalez, M. Karamessini, S. Ilmakunnas, R. Plasman, R. Silvera, K. Sjørup, and P. Villa. 1999b. "Gender Main-streaming in European Employment Policy." Report to the Equal Opportunities Unit, Employment Directorate, European Commission, Expert Group on Gender and Employment. Online document available at www.umist.ac.ak/management/ewerc/egge/egge.html.
78. Rubery, J., D. Grimshaw, and M. Smith. 2000. Gender Equality and the European Employment Strategy: An Evaluation of the National Action Plans for Employment 2000 Report to the Equal Opportunities Unit, Employment Directorate, European Commission, Expert Group on Gender and Employment. Online document available at www.umist.ac.ak/management/ewerc/egge/egge.html.
79. Rubery, J., D. Grimshaw, M. Smith, and H. Figueiredo. 2001. "Gender Equality and the European Employment Strategy: An Evaluation of the NAPs for Employment 2001." European Expert Group on Gender and Employment Report to the Equal Opportunities Unit, DG Employment. Online document available at www.umist.ac.ak/management/ewerc/egge/egge.html.
80. Ruggie, John Gerard. 1996. Winning the Peace: America and World Order in the New Era. New York: Columbia University Press.
81. Sainsbury, Diane. 1996. Gender, Equality and Welfare States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
82. Sainsbury, Diane (ed.). 1994. Gendering Welfare States. London: Sage.
83. Scott, Joan W. 1988. "Deconstructing Equality-versus-Difference: Or, the Uses of Poststructuralist Theory for Feminism." Feminist Studies 14(1): 33-49.
84. Segal, Lynne. 1987. Is the Future Female? Troubled Thoughts on Contemporary Feminism. London: Virago.
85. Shaw, Jo. 2002. "The European Union and Gender Mainstreaming: Constitutionally Embedded or Comprehensively Marginalised?" Feminist Legal Studies 10: 213-226.
86. _. 2003. "Process, Responsibility and Inclusion in EU Constitutionalism." European Law Review 9(1): 45-68.
87. Shaw, Jo (ed.). 2000. Social Law and Policy in an Evolving European Union. Oxford: Hart.
88. Smyth, Ailbhe. 2000. "'And Nobody Was Any the Wiser': Irish Abortion Rights and the European Union." Pp. 109-130 in Gender Policies in the European Union, ed. Mariagrazia Rossilli. New York: Peter Lang.
89. Spelman, Elizabeth. 1988. Inessential Woman: Problems of Exclusion in Feminist Thought. Boston: Beacon Press.
90. Swank, Duane. 2002. Global Capital, Political Institutions, and Policy Change in Developed Welfare States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
91. Vargas, V., and S. Wieringa. 1998. "The Triangles of Empowerment: Processes and Actors in the Making of Public Policy. In Women's Movements and Public Policy in Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, ed. G. Lycklama, A. Nijeholt, V. Vargas, and S. Wieringa. New York: Garland.
92. Walby, Sylvia. 1986. Patriarchy at Work. Cambridge: Polity Press.
93. _. 1990. Theorizing Patriarchy. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
94. _. 1997. Gender Transformations. London: Routledge.
95. _. 1999. "The New Regulatory State: The Social Powers of the European Union." British Journal of Sociology 50(1): 118-140.
96. _. 2001. "Gender Mainstreaming in the European Employment Strategy: The British Case." In Gender Mainstreaming in the European Employment Strategy, ed. Amparo Serrano Pascual and Ute Behning. Brussels: European Trade Union Institute.
97. _. 2002. "Feminism in a Global Age." Economy and Society 31(4): 533-557.
98. _. 2004. Globalization and Difference: Theorizing Complex Modernities. London: Sage.
99. Wallace, W. 1994. "Rescue or Retreat? The Nation-State in Western Europe, 1945-93." Political Studies 42: 52-76.
100. Waltz, Kenneth N. 1979. Theory of International Politics. Reading, Mass.: Addison Wesley.
101. Weiler, J. H. H. 1997. "The Reformation of European Constitutionalism." Journal of Common Market Studies 35(1): 97-129.
102. Wobbe, Theresa. 2003. "From Protecting to Promoting: Evolving EU Sex Equality Norms in an Organisational Field." European Law Journal 9(1): 88-108.
103. Young, Birgette. 2000. "Disciplinary Neoliberalism in the European Union and Gender Politics." New Political Economy 5(1): 77-98.
104. Zeitlin, Jonathan, and David M. Trubek (eds.). 2003. Governing Work and Welfare in a New Economy: European and American Experiments. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
105. Zürn, Michael, and Dieter Wolf. 1999. "European Law and International Regimes: The Features of Law beyond the Nation-State." European Law Journal 5(3): 272-292.