Long-term outcomes of verbal aggression: The role of protective factors

Journal of Emotional Abuse

Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 71-99

  Morimoto, Yuria ^a,b   Sharma, Anupama ^a  

^a EASTERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Eastern Illinois University ^*

Author keywords

Emotional abuse; Family cohesion; Gender differences; Psychological abuse; Verbal aggression

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGGRESSION; ARTICLE; COPING BEHAVIOR; DEPRESSION; EMOTION; FAMILY; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; LONG TERM CARE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; RISK FACTOR; SELF ESTEEM; SEX DIFFERENCE; VERBAL BEHAVIOR;

EID: 4344595096     PISSN: 10926798     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1300/J135v04n02_04     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Amirkhan, J. H. (1990). A factor analytically derived measure of coping: The coping strategy indicator. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(5), 1066-1074.
2. Aro, H. (1994). Risk and protective factors in depression: A developmental perspective. Acta Psychiatria Scandinavia, 89(377, Suppl.), 59-64.
3. Asarnow, J. R., Carlson, G. A., & Guthrie, D. (1987). Coping strategies, self-perceptions, hopelessness, and perceived family environments in depressed and suicidal children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55(3), 361-366.
4. Beck, A. T. (1987). Beck Depression Inventory: Manual. San Antonio, Texas: Psychological Corporation.
5. Briere, J., & Runtz, M. (1988). Multivariate correlates of childhood psychological and physical maltreatment among university women. Child Abuse & Neglect, 12(3), 331-341.
6. Briere, J., & Runtz, M. (1990). Differential adult symptomatology associated with three types of child abuse histories. Child Abuse & Neglect, 14(3), 357-364.
7. Brown, J. M., O'Keeffe, J., Sanders, S. H., & Baker, B. (1986). Developmental changes in children's cognition to stressful and painful situations. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 11(3), 343-357.
8. Buss, A. H., & Perry, M. (1992). The aggression questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(3), 452-459.
9. Cicchetti, D., & Rizley, R. (1981). Developmental perspectives on the etiology, intergenerational transmission, and sequelae of child maltreatment. New Directions for Child Development, 111, 35-55.
10. Cicchetti, D., & Carlson, V. (1989). Child maltreatment: Theory and research on the causes and consequences of child abuse and neglect. New York: Cambridge University Press.
11. Claussen, A. H., & Crittenden, P. M. (1991). Physical and psychological maltreatment: Relations among types of maltreatment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 15(1-2), 5-18.
12. Compas, B. E., Banez, G. A., Malcarne, V., & Worsham, N. (1991). Perceived control and coping with stress: A developmental perspective. Journal of Social Issues, 47(4), 23-34.
13. Cooper, J. E., Holman, J., & Braithwaite, V. A. (1983). Self-esteem and family cohesion: The child's perspective and adjustment. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 45(1), 153-159.
14. Crittenden, P. M., Claussen, A. H., & Sugarman, D. B. (1994). Physical and psychological maltreatment in middle childhood and adolescence. Development and Psychopathology, 6, 145-164.
15. Davis, P. W. (1996). Threats of corporal punishment as verbal aggression: A naturalistic study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 20(4), 289-304.
16. Dekovic, M. (1999). Risk and protective factors in the development of problem behavior during adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 28(6), 667-685.
17. Downs, W. R., & Miller, B. A. (1998). Relationships between experiences of parental violence during childhood and women's self-esteem. Violence and Victims, 13(4), 63-77.
18. Dumont, M., & Provost, M. A. (1999). Resilience in adolescents: Protective role of social support, coping strategies, self-esteem, and social activities on experience of stress and depression. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 28(3), 343-363.
19. Edwards, J. J., & Alexander, P. C. (1992). The contribution of family background to the long-term adjustment of women sexually abused as children. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 7(3), 306-320.
20. Erickson, M. F., & Egeland, B. (1987). A developmental view of the psychological consequences of maltreatment. School Psychology Review, 16(2), 156-168.
21. Farber, E. A., & Egeland, B. (1987). Invulnerability among abused and neglected children. In E. J. Anthony & B. Cohler (Eds.), The invulnerable child (pp. 253-288). New York: Guilford Press.
22. Garmezy, N. (1987). Stress, competence, and development: Continuities in the study of schizophrenic adults, children vulnerable to psychopathology, and the search for stress-resistant children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57(2), 159-174.
23. Gracia, E. (1995). Visible but unreported: A case for the "not serious enough" cases of child maltreatment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 19(9), 1083-1093.
24. Gross, A. B., & Keller, H. R. (1992). Long-term consequences of childhood physical and psychological maltreatment. Aggressive Behavior, 18(3), 171-185.
25. Grossman, F. K., Beinashowitz, J., Anderson, L., Sakurai, M., Finnin, L., & Flaherty, M. (1992). Risk and resilience in young adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 21(5), 529-553.
26. Hart, S. N., & Brassard, M. R. (1990). Psychological maltreatment of children. In R. Ammerman & M. Hersen (Eds.), Treatment of family violence (pp. 77-112). NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
27. Hart, S. N., & Brassard, M. (1991). Psychological maltreatment: Progress achieved. Development and Psychopathology, 3(1), 61-70.
28. Hoglund, C. L., & Nicholas, K. B. (1995). Shame, guilt, and anger in college students exposed to abusive family environments. Journal of Family Violence, 10(2), 141-157.
29. Horowitz, L., Rosenberg, S., Baer, B., & Ureno, G. (1988). Inventory of interpersonal problems: Psychometric properties and clinical applications. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 56(6), 885-892.
30. Kaufman, J., & Zigler, E. (1989). The intergenerational transmission of child abuse. In D. Cicchetti & V. Carlson (Eds.), Child maltreatment: Theory and research on the causes and consequences of child abuse and neglect (pp. 129-15). NY: Cambridge University Press.
31. Kurdek, L. A. (1988). A 1-year follow-up study of children's divorce adjustment, custodial mother's divorce, adjustment, and postdivorce parenting. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 9(3), 315-328.
32. Lamphear, V. S. (1985). The impact of maltreatment on children's psychosocial adjustment: A review of the research. Child Abuse & Neglect, 9(2), 251-263.
33. Loos, M. E., & Alexander, P. C. (1997). Differential effects associated with self-reported histories of abuse and neglect in a college sample. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 12(3), 340-360.
34. Losel, F., & Bliesener, T. (1994). Some high-risk adolescents do not develop conduct problems: A study of protective factors. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 17(4), 753-777.
35. Luthar, S. S. (1991). Vulnerability and resilience: A study of high-risk adolescents. Child Development, 62(3), 600-616.
36. Manly, J. T., Cicchetti, D., & Barnett, D. (1994). The impact of subtype, frequency, chronicity, and severity of child maltreatment on social competence and behavior problems. Development and Psychopathology, 6, 121-143.
37. Masten, A. S., Best, K. M., & Garmezy, N. (1990a). Resilience and development: Contributions from the study of children who overcome adversity. Development and Psychopathology, 2(4), 425-444.
38. Masten, A. S., Morison, P., Pellegrini, D., & Tellegen, A. (1990b). Competence under stress: Risk and protective factors. In J. Rolf, J. Masten, J. Cicchetti, K. Nuechterlein, & S. Weintraub (Eds.), Risk and protective factors in the development of psychopathology (pp. 236-256). New York: Cambridge University Press.
39. McGee, R. A., & Wolfe, D. A. (1991). Psychological maltreatment: Toward an operational definition. Development and Psychopathology, 3(1), 3-18
40. McGee, R. A., Wolfe, D. A., & Wilson, S. K. (1997). Multiple maltreatment experiences and adolescent behavior problems: Adolescent's perspectives. Development and Psychopathology, 9(1), 131-149.
41. Ney, P. G. (1987). Does verbal abuse leave deeper scars: A study of children and parents. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 32(5), 371-378.
42. Olson, D. H., Portner, J., & Bell H. L. (1982). Family adaptability and cohesion scale (FACES II). St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota.
43. Parker, G., Tupling, H., & Brown, L. B. (1979). A parental bonding instrument. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 52(1), 1-10.
44. Pilkonis, P. A., Kim, Y., Proietti, J. M., & Barkham, M. (1996). Scales for personality disorders developed from the inventory of interpersonal problems. Journal of Personality Disorders, 10(4), 355-369, 1996.
45. Pitzner, J. K., & Drummond, P. D. (1997). The reliability and validity of empirically scaled measures of psychological/verbal control and physical/sexual abuse: Relationship between current negative mood and a history of abuse independent of other negative life events. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 43(2), 125-142.
46. Radovanovic, H. (1993). Parental conflict and children's coping styles in litigating separated families: Relationships with children's adjustment. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2(6), 697-713.
47. Rich, D. J., Gingerich, K. J., & Rosen, I. A. (1997). Childhood emotional abuse and associated psychopathology in college students. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 11(3), 13-28.
48. Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton. NJ: Princeton University Press.
49. Rosenberg, M. S. (1987). New directions for research on the psychological maltreatment of children. American Psychologist, 42(2), 166-171.
50. Ruchkin, V. V., Eisemann, M., & Hagglof, B. (1999). Coping styles in delinquent adolescents and controls: The role of personality and parental rearing. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 28(6), 705-717.
51. Rutter, M. (1987). Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57(3), 316-331.
52. Rutter, M. (1990). Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. In J. Rolf, J. Masten, D. Cicchetti, K. Nuechterlein, & S. Weintraub (Eds.), Risk and protective factors in the development of psychopathology (pp. 181-215). NY: Cambridge University Press.
53. Sandler, I. N., Tein, J., & West, S. G. (1994). Coping, stress, and the psychological symptoms of children of divorce: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Child Development, 65(6), 1744-1763.
54. Solomon, C. R., & Serres, F. (1999). Effects of parental verbal aggression on children's self-esteem and school marks. Child Abuse & Neglect, 23(4), 339-351.
55. Straus, M. A., & Hamby, S. L. (1997). Measuring physical and psychological maltreatment of children with the conflict tactics scales. In G. K. Kantor & J. L. Jasinski (Eds.), Out of the darkness (pp. 119-135). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
56. Vissing, Y. M., & Baily, W. (1996). Parent-to-child verbal aggression. In D. D. Cahn & S. A. Lioya (Eds.), Family violence from a communication perspective (pp. 85-107). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc.
57. Vissing, Y. M., Straus, M. A., Gelles, R. J., & Harrop, J. W. (1991). Verbal aggression by parents and psychosocial problems of children. Child Abuse & Neglect, 15(3), 223-238.
58. Werner, E. E. (1990). Protective factors and individual resilience. In S. Meisels & J. Shonkoff (Eds.), Handbook of early childhood intervention (pp. 97-116). New York: Cambridge University Press.
59. Wind, T. W., & Silvern, L. (1994). Parenting and family stress as mediators of the long-term effects of child abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 18(5), 439-453.
60. Wolfe, D. A., & McGee, R. (1994). Dimensions of child maltreatment and their relationship to adolescent adjustment. Development and Psychopathology, 6, 165-181.
61. Wyman, P. A., Cowen, E. L., Work, W. C., Raoof, A., Gribble, P. A., Parker, G. R., & Wannon, M. (1992). Interviews with children who experienced major life stress: Family and child attributes that predict resilient outcomes. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31(5), 904-910.