Between East-Central Europe and Britain: Reformation and science as vehicles of intellectual communication in the mid-seventeenth century

East European Quarterly

Volumn 30, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 401-419

  Rozbicki, Michal J ^a  

^a SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

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EID: 43349113838     PISSN: 00128449     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Samuel Hartlib and Universal Reformation. Studies in Intellectual Communication, Mark Greengrass, Michael Leslie, and Timothy Raylor, eds. (Cambridge, 1994), 2. I wish to thank the Library at Sheffield University in Sheffield, England, for making available items of Hartlib's unpublished correspondence which I have used in this article.
2. It made possible the coverage of his contacts with Eastern Europe that I had not been able to include in my earlier study on the subject: Michal J. Rozbicki, Samuel Hartlib. Z dziejów polsko-angielskich zwiqzków kulturalnych w XVII wieku (Wrocław, 1980).
3. On Hartlib, see George H. Turnbull, Samuel Hartlib. A Sketch of his Life and his Relations to J.A. Comenius (Oxford, 1920),
4. and Hartlib, Dury and Comenius. Gleanings from Hartlib's Papers (London, 1947), hereafter cited as HDC;
5. F. Althaus, "Samuel Hartlib. Ein Deutsch-Englisches Charakterbild," Historisches Taschenbuch, VI (1884): 191-278;
6. Henry Dircks, A Biographical Memoir of Samuel Hartlib (London, 1865);
7. Charles Webster, ed., Samuel Hartlib and the Advancement of Learning (Cambridge, 1970);
8. Jerzy Włodek, "Wiadomość o Samuelu Hartlibie" in Dwa szkice z historii stosunków polsko-angielskich w dziedzinie agronomii (Kraków, 1921).
9. Hugh R. Trevor-Roper devoted a brief sketch to Hartlib in his "Three Foreigners and the Philosophy of the English Revolution," Encounter, 14 (Feb. 1960): 3-20.
10. T. Wotschke, "Der Posener Kirchenpfleger Georg Hartlieb," Historische Monatsblätter für die Provinz Posen, XI, no. 7 (1910): 1-5;
11. Józef Łukaszewicz, Wiadomość historyczna o dysydentach w mieście Poznaniu (Poznań, 1831), 87.
12. Turnbull, Samuel Hartlib, 1.
13. Wotschke, 5.
14. Stanisław Kot, Biblia litewska Chylińskiego (Poznań, 1958), xvi;
15. HDC, 5.
16. See Jerzy Tazbir, Państwo bez stosów. Szkice z dziejów tolerancji w Polsce (Warszawa, 1966), 169,
17. and Dzieje Polskiej Tolerancji (Warszawa, 1973), 128-9.
18. Hartlib was responsible for the publication of two of Andreae's works in Oxford; see G. H. Turnbull, "Johann Valentin Andreaes Societas Christiana," Zeitschrift für Deutsche Philologie, LXXIII (1954): 407-432.
19. On Andreae, see W. Begemann, Die Fruchbringende Gesellschaft und Johann Valentin Andreae (Berlin 1911).
20. Hartlib to Robert Boyle, 15 November, 1659, in The Works of the Hon. Robert Boyle, ed. T. Birch (London, 1772), VI, 132.
21. On Rosicrucians, see Frances Yates, Giordano Bruno and the Hermetic Tradition (London, 1964), 453.
22. Fridwald to Hartlib, from Elbla̧g, 18 July, 1629, Hartlib MSS, Sheffield University Library, 27/34/3-4. There are plans to publish Hartlib's manuscripts on CD-ROM, edited by the Hartlib Papers Project at Sheffield University.
23. HDC, 274.
24. On the English company in Elbla̧g, see Henryk Zins, Anglia a Bałtyk w drugiej połowie XVI wieku (Wrocław 1967), 80-91.
25. Zbigniew Ogonowski, Z zagadnień tolerancji w Polsce XVII wieku (Warsaw, 1958), 89.
26. Joseph Minton Batten, John Dury. Advocate of Christian Reunion (Chicago, 1944), 18-19, 156, n. 41.
27. See Oskar Odožilik, "Comenius and Christian Unity," Slavonic Review, IX, no. 25 (1930).
28. Kot, Biblia litewska, xiv.
29. Polski Słownik Biograficzny (Kraków, 1935-94). III, 122-4;
30. HDC, 38.
31. Stanisław Kot, "Anglo-Polonica," Nauka Polska, XX (1935): 100-101.
32. Batten, John Dury, 68.
33. More to Hartlib from Cambridge, November 27, 1648, Hartlib MSS 18/1/1; HDC, 429.
34. Kot, "Anglo-Polonica," 102; Łukaszewicz, 207.
35. Comenius to Hartlib, August 17, 1641, Hartlib MSS 7/84/2; Dagmar Čapkowá, "Comenius and his Ideals: Escape from the Labyrinth," in Universal Reformation, 86-7.
36. On this episode, see R. F. Young, Comenius in England (Oxford, 1932).
37. HDC, 346.
38. Łukaszewicz, 191.
39. Kot, "Anglo-Polonica," 102.
40. Jan Wesselski-Laetus: "Pergerinatio suscepta anna reparatae salutia 1637..." in Časopis Matice Moravské (1934). Rej wrote: "Monsieur. Celle ci n'est que pour vous souvenir de nostre conversation, et que vous m'avez promis...," and referring to Comenius, "Je tacheray de l'accomoder le mieux que i ay pourray, voyant que nostre pays est maintenant si troubles." Rej to Hartlib 1640, Hartlib MSS 49/29/3. Comenius to Johann Morian, August 3, 1641, Hartlib MSS 7/84/1.
41. Arnold to Hartlib, March 6, 1637, Hartlib MSS 45/8/35. On Arnold, see J. Łukaszewicz, O kościołach braci czeskich w dawnej Wielkopolsce (Poznań, 1835), 290.
42. HDC, 343-5.
43. Young, 36, n. 2; Tadeusz Bilikiewicz, Jan Jonston, 1603-1675. Żywot i działalność lekarska (Warszawa, 1931), 43.
44. Johnston to Hartlib, from Leiden, Hartlib MSS 44/1/2.
45. Young, 33-4.
46. "Tagebuch Adam Samuel Hartmanns," ed. R. Prümers, Zeitschrift d. Hist. Gesellschaft für die Provinz Posen, XIV-XV (1899-1900): 145-6, 157.
47. Jana Amosa Komenského korrespondence, A. Patera, ed. (Prague, 1982), I, 250-61.
48. Hartlib to John Worthington, February 13, 1659, The Diary and Correspondence of Dr. John Worthington, J. Crossley, ed., (Manchester, 1847-86), I, 180;
49. Worthington to Hartlib, December 2, 1661, The Diary and Correspondence of Dr. John Worthington, ibid., II, 74.
50. Inge Lukśaité, "Lietuviśkos S.B. Chylinskio biblios spausdinimo aplinkybės," Lietuvos TSR Mokslu̧ akademijos darbei, A series, I (1971): 87-109, 100.
51. Hartlib to Worthington December 7, 1661, Crossley, II, 85.
52. Lukśaite, 101, 74, 95-6.
53. John Milton, "Of Education" in Complete Prose Works, Don M. Wolfe, ed. (New Haven, 1953), II, 363.
54. Panegyricus Carolo Gustavo (London, 1655);
55. Crossley, II, 87-8.
56. A Collection of the State Papers of John Thurloe: Containing Authentic Memorials of the English Affairs from the Year 1638, to the Restoration of King Charles II (London 1742), IV, 66; II, 140.
57. Letter from Dury, undated, HDC, 113-15.
58. Hartlib to Hevelius, 28 November, 1647, Jan Kvačala, ed., Analecta Comeniana (Dorpat, 1910), 92.
59. Hevelius to Hartlib, December 10, 1647, Analecta Comeniana ibid., 94;
60. Hartlib to Hevelius, 7 March, 1648, Analecta Comeniana ibid., 100;
61. Inge Keil, "Johann Wiesel and the Hartlib Circle," Universal Reformation, 276.
62. Oldenburg to Hartlib, June 23, 1659, Henry Oldenburg. Correspondence, A. Rupert Hall and Marie Boas Hall, eds. (Madison and London, 1966-75), I, 288-9.
63. Hartlib to Hevelius, March 7, 1648, Kvačala, 100.
64. Hevelius to Hartlib June 6, 1649, Kvačala, 117.
65. Ward to Worthington, March 15, 1666, Crossley, II, 226; G. H. Turnbull. "Samuel Hartlib's Influence on the Early History of the Royal Society," Notes and Records of the Royal Society, X, no. 2 (1953): 124;
66. Correspondence of Hartlib, Haak, Oldenburg and Other Founders of the Royal Society with Governor Winthrop of Connecticut, Robert Charles Winthrop, ed. (Boston, 1878), 10-14.
67. Hartlib to Hevelius, January 10, 1647, Kvačala, 92.
68. Hevelius to Hartlib and Dury, August 22, 1650, Hartlib MSS 49/16/3.
69. Barbara Bieńkowska, Kopernik i heliocentryzm w polskiej kulturze umysłowej do końca XVII wieku (Wrocław, 1971), 199;
70. Hartlib to Worthington, April 24, 1661, Crossley, I, 124; Worthington to Hartlib December 2, 1661, Kopernik i heliocentryzm w polskiej kulturze umysłowej do końca XVII wieku ibid., 76. It is possible that the manuscript was sent indirectly, through John Wallis.
71. For instance, A. Rupert Hall, "Science, Technology and Utopia in the Seventeenth Century," in Science and Society 1600-1900, Peter Mathias, ed. (Cambridge 1972), 33-42.
72. Marie Boas Hall, "The Royal Society's Role in the Diffusion of Information in the Seventeenth Century," Notes and Records of the Royal Society, XXIX, no. 2 (1975): 179.
73. Oldenburg. Correspondence, II, 25-6.