"We weren't like no regular dope fiends": Negotiating hustler and crackhead identities

Social Problems

Volumn 55, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 254-270

  Copes, Heith ^a   Hochstetler, Andy ^b   Williams, J Patrick ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

^b IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c ARKANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Boundary maintenance; Crack; Crackhead; Hustlers; Identity

Indexed keywords

EID: 43149118762     PISSN: 00377791     EISSN: 15338533     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1525/sp.2008.55.2.254     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Anderson, Elijah. 1999. Code of the Street. New York: W. W. Norton and Company.
2. Barth, F. 1969. Ethnic Groups and Boundaries. Bergen, Norway: Universitets Forlaget.
3. Blumer, Herbert. 1969. Symbolic Interactionism. Berkeley: University of California Press.
4. Boeri, Miriam W. 2004. "'Hell, I'm An addict, But I Ain't No Junkie': An Ethnographic Analysis of Aging Heroin Users." Human Organization 63:236-45.
5. Copes, Heith and Andy Hochstetler. 2003. "Situational Constructions of Masculinity among Male Street Thieves." Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 32:279-304.
6. Copes, Heith and Andy Hochstetler. 2006. "Why I'll Talk: Offenders' Motives for Participating in Qualitative Research." Pp. 19-28 in In Their Own Words: Criminals on Crime, 4th edition, edited by Paul Cromwell. Los Angeles, CA: Roxbury.
7. Copes, Heith, Craig Forsyth, and Rod Brunson. 2007. "Rock Rentals: The Social Organization and Interpersonal Dynamics of Crack-for-Cars Transactions in Louisiana, USA." British Journal of Criminology 47:885-99.
8. Edwards, Derek. 1997. Discourse and Cognition. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
9. Furst, R. Terry, Bruce D. Johnson, Eloise Dunlap, and Richard Curtis. 1999. "The Stigmatized Image of the 'Crack Head': A Sociocultural Exploration of a Barrier to Cocaine Smoking among a Cohort of Youth in New York City." Deviant Behavior 20:153-81.
10. Gadd, David. 2003. "Making Criminology Good: A Response to Shadd Maruna." The Howard Journal 42:316-22.
11. Goffman, Erving. 1963. Behavior in Public Places. New York: The Free Press.
12. Goffman, Erving. 1983. "The Interaction Order." American Journal of Sociology 48(1):1-17.
13. Gubrium, Jaber and James Holstein. 2000. "The Self in a World of Going Concerns." Symbolic Interaction 23:95-115.
14. Hewitt, John P. 2003. Self and Society: A Symbolic Interactionist Social Psychology. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
15. Hogg, Michael A. and Cecilia L. Ridgeway. 2003. "Social Identity: Sociological and Social Psychological Perspectives." Social Psychology Quarterly 66:97-100.
16. Hogg, Michael A., Deborah J. Terry, and Katherine M. White. 1995. "A Tale of Two Theories: A Critical Comparison of Identity Theory with Social Identity Theory." Social Psychology Quarterly 58:255-69.
17. Jacobs, Bruce. 1999. Dealing Crack: The Social World of Streetcorner Selling. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press.
18. Jacobs, Bruce. 2000. Robbing Drug Dealers: Violence Beyond the Law New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
19. Jacobs, Bruce and Richard Wright. 2006. Street Justice: Retaliation in the Criminal Underworld. New York: Cambridge University Press.
20. Jacobs, Bruce, Volkan Topalli, and Richard Wright. 2000. "Managing Retaliation: Drug Robbery and Informal Sanction Threats." Criminology 38:171-97.
21. Jenkins, Richard. 2004. Social Identity. 2d ed. London, UK: Routledge.
22. Johnson, Bruce, Paul Goldstein, Edward Preble, James Schmeidler, Douglas S Lipton, Barry Spunt, and Thomas Miller. 1985. Taking Care of Business: The Economics of Crime by Heroin Abusers. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
23. Katz, Jack. 1988. Seductions of Crime: Moral and Sensual Attractions in Doing Evil. New York: Basic Books.
24. Kersten, Joachim. 1996. "Culture, Masculinities, and Violence against Women. British Journal of Criminology 36:381-95.
25. Lewy, Marc G. and Edward Preble. 1973. "Tragic Magic: Word Usage among New York City Heroin Addicts." Psychiatric Quarterly 42:228-45.
26. Maruna, Shadd and Heith Copes. 2005. "What Have We Learned from Five Decades of Neutralization Research?" Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research 32:221-320.
27. Mead, George H. 1934. Mind, Self, and Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
28. Nee, Claire and Amy Meenaghan. 2006. "Expert Decision Making in Burglars." British Journal of Criminology 46:935-49.
29. Preble, Edward and John Casey. 1969. "Taking Care of Business: The Heroin User's Life on the Streets." International Journal of Addictions 4:1-24.
30. Presser, Lois. 2004. "Violent Offenders, Moral Selves: Constructing Identities and Accounts in the Research Interview." Social Problems 51:82-101.
31. Richards, Lyn. 1999. Using NVivo in Qualitative Research. London, UK: Sage.
32. Shover, Neal. 1996. Great Pretenders: Pursuits and Careers of Persistent Thieves. Boulder, CO: Westview.
33. Shover, Neal and David Honaker. 1992. "The Socially Bounded Decision Making of Persistent Property Offenders." Howard Journal of Criminal Justice 31:276-93.
34. Schwalbe, Michael, Sandra Godwin, Daphne Holden, Douglas Schrock, Shealy Thompson, and Michele Wolkomir. 2000. "Generic Processes in the Reproduction of Inequality: An Interactionist Analysis." Social Forces 79:419-52.
35. Stephens, Richard C. 1991. The Street Addicts Role. A Theory of Heroin Addiction. New York: SUNY Press.
36. Stets, Jan E. and Peter J. Burke. 2000. "Identity Theory and Social Identity Theory." Social Psychology Quarterly 63:224-37.
37. Sutherland, Edwin. 1937. The Professional Thief. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
38. Sutter, Alan G. 1966. "The World of the Righteous Dope Fiend." Issues in Criminology 2:177-222.
39. Sykes, Gresham and David Matza. 1957. "Techniques of Neutralization: A Theory of Delinquency." American Sociological Review 22:664-70.
40. Topalli, Volkan. 2005. "When Being Good is Bad: An Expansion of Neutralization Theory. Criminology 43:797-836.
41. Topalli, Volkan. 2006. "The Seductive Nature of Autotelic Crime: How Neutralization Theory Serves as a Boundary Condition for Understanding Hardcore Offending." Sociological Inquiry 76:475-501.
42. Widdicombe, Sue. 1998. "But You Don't Class Yourself': The Interactional Management of Category Membership and Non-Membership." Pp. 52-70 in Identities in Talk, edited by C. Antaki and S. Widdicombe. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
43. Williams, Terry. 1992. Crackhouse: Notes from the End of the Line. New York: Penguin Books.
44. Wright, Richard, Robert Logie, and Scott Decker. 1995. "Criminal Expertise and Offender Decision Making: An Experimental Study of the Target Selection Process in Residential Burglary." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 32:39-53.
45. Wright, Richard and Scott Decker. 1994. Burglars on the Job: Street Life and Residential Break-Ins. Boston: Northeastern University Press.
46. Wright, Richard and Scott Decker. 1997. Armed Robbers in Action. Boston: Northeastern University Press.
47. Zerubavel, Eviatar. 1997. Social Mindscapes: An Invitation to Cognitive Sociology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.