Epidemic sporotrichosis

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

Volumn 21, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 129-133

  Schubach, Armando ^a   Barros, Mônica Bastos De Lima ^a   Wanke, Bodo ^a  

^a Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Cat; Epidemic; Sporothrix schenckii; Sporotrichosis; Zoonosis

Indexed keywords

ITRACONAZOLE; KETOCONAZOLE; SODIUM IODIDE;

BITE; BRAZIL; CAT; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; DOG; DRUG MEGADOSE; EPIDEMIC; EPIZOOTIOLOGY; FUNGUS ISOLATION; HUMAN; MOUTH CAVITY; NONHUMAN; NOSE CAVITY; NOSE SMEAR; REVIEW; SPOROTHRIX SCHENCKII; SPOROTRICHOSIS; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; ZOONOSIS;

ANIMALS; ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS; BRAZIL; CAT DISEASES; CATS; DISEASE OUTBREAKS; DOG DISEASES; DOGS; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; HUMANS; ITRACONAZOLE; SPOROTHRIX; SPOROTRICHOSIS; VIRULENCE; ZOONOSES;

EID: 43149098030     PISSN: 09517375     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0b013e3282f44c52     Document Type: Review

References (50)

1. Bustamante B, Campos PE. Endemic sporotrichosis. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2001; 14:145-149.
2. Ramos-e-Silva M, Vasconcelos C, Carneiro S, et al. Sporotrichosis. Clin Dermatol 2007; 25:181-187. Review article about clinical aspects, epidemiology and therapeutics of sporotrichosis. Very useful for clinicians.
3. Lopes-Bezerra LM, Schubach A, Costa RO. Sporothrix schenckii and sporotrichosis. An Acad Bras Cienc 2006; 78:293-308.
4. Da Rosa AC, Scroferneker ML, Vettorato R, et al. Epidemiology of sporotrichosis: a study of 304 cases in Brazil. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005; 52:451-459.
5. Kauffman CA. Sporotrichosis. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 29:231-236; quiz 237.
6. Read SI, Sperling LC. Feline sporotrichosis. Transmission to man. Arch Dermatol 1982; 118:429-431.
7. Davies C, Troy GC. Deep mycotic infections in cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1996; 32:380-391.
8. Souza LL, Nascente PS, Nobre MO, et al. Isolation of Sporothrix schenckii from the nails of healthy cats. Braz J Microbiol 2006; 37:372-374.
9. Fleury RN, Taborda PR, Gupta AK, et al. Zoonotic sporotrichosis. Transmission to humans by infected domestic cat scratching: report of four cases in São Paulo, Brazil. Int J Dermatol 2001; 40:318-322.
10. Schubach TMP, Schubach A. Sporotrichosis of cat and dog - review. Clin Vet 2000; 29:21-24.
11. Barros MB, Schubach TM, Gutierrez-Galhardo MC, et al. Sporotrichosis: an emergent zoonosis in Rio de Janeiro. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2001; 96:777-779.
12. Schubach TM, Valle AC, Gutierrez-Galhardo MC, et al. Isolation of Sporothrix schenckii from the nails of domestic cats (Felis catus). Med Mycol 2001; 39:147-149.
13. Schubach A, Schubach TM, Barros MB, et al. Cat-transmitted sporotrichosis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 2005; 11:1952-1954.
14. Schubach TM, Schubach A, Okamoto T, et al. Canine sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: clinical presentation, laboratory diagnosis and therapeutic response in 44 cases (1998-2003). Med Mycol 2006; 44:87-92.
15. Schubach TMP, Schubach A, Okamoto T, et al. Evaluation of an epidemic of sporotrichosis in cats: 347 cases (1998-2001). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004; 224:1623-1629.
16. Barros MBL, Schubach A, Francesconi-do-Valle AC, et al. Cat-transmitted sporotrichosis epidemic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: description of a series of cases. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 38:529-535.
17. Schubach AO, Schubach TM, Barros MB. Epidemic cat-transmitted sporotrichosis. N Engl J Med 2005; 353:1185-1186.
18. Barros MBL, Schubach A, Schubach TMP, et al. An epidemic of sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Epidemiological aspects of a series of cases. Epidemiol Infect 2007; 21 Nov [Epub ahead of print]. A description of epidemiological aspects of the epidemic of sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro and risk factors of zoonotic transmission.
19. Barros MBL, Schubach AO, Galhardo MC, et al. Sporotrichosis with wide-spread cutaneous lesions - a report of 24 cases related to transmission by domestic cats in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Int J Dermatol 2003; 42:677-681.
20. Schubach AO, Barros MBL, Moreira JS, et al. Esporotricose primária da mucosa nasal. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2003; 36:222.
21. Schubach A, de Lima Barros MB, Schubach TM, et al. Primary conjunctival sporotrichosis: two cases from a zoonotic epidemic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Cornea 2005; 24:491-493.
22. Barros MBL, Schubach AO, Francesconi-do-Valle AC, et al. Positive Montenegro skin test among patients with sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro. Acta Trop 2005; 93:41-47.
23. Pereira AC, Levy RA, Barros MBL, et al. Manifestações articulares da esporotricose no Rio de Janeiro. Rev Bras Reumatol 2002; 42:S44.
24. Gutierrez-Galhardo MC, Schubach AO, Barros MBL, et al. Erythema nodosum associated with sporotrichosis. Int J Dermatol 2002; 41:114-116.
25. Gutierrez-Galhardo MC, Barros MBL, Schubach A, et al. Erythema multiforme associated with sporotrichosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereolol 2005; 19:507-509.
26. Schubach TM, Schubach AO, Dos Reis RS, et al. Sporothrix schenckii isolated from domestic cats with and without sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro. Brazil Mycopathol 2002; 153:83-86.
27. Bernardes-Engemann AR, Costa RC, Miguens BR, et al. Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the serodiagnosis of several clinical forms of sporotrichosis. Med Mycol 2005; 43:487-493.
28. Almeida-Paes R, Pimenta MA, Pizzini CV, et al. Use of mycelial-phase Sporothrix schenckii exoantigens in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of sporotrichosis by antibody detection. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2007; 14:244-249. This is one of two studies that describe a promising serological approach for diagnosis of sporotrichosis. The blood samples were obtained from patients of the sporotrichosis epidemic in Rio de Janeiro.
29. Almeida-Paes R, Pimenta MA, Monteiro PC, et al. Immunoglobulins G, M and A against Sporothrix schenckii exoantigens in patients with sporotrichosis before and during treatment with itraconazole. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2007; 14:1149-1157. This is the second of two studies that describe a promising serological approach for diagnosis and follow-up of sporotrichosis. The blood samples were obtained from patients of sporotrichosis epidemic in Rio de Janeiro.
30. Barros MBL, Costa DLM, Schubach TMP, et al. Epidemic of zoonotic sporotrichosis: profile of cases in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J (in press).
31. Santos IB, Schubach TM, Leme LR, et al. Sporotrichosis: the main differential diagnosis with tegumentary leishmaniasis in dogs from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Vet Parasitol 2007; 143:1-6.
32. Ribeiro FC, Schubach AdeO, Mouta-Confort E, et al. Use of ELISA employing Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi antigens for the detection of IgG and IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses in the diagnosis of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in dogs. Vet Parasitol 2007; 148:200-206.
33. Schubach TM, Schubach AO, Cuzzi-Maya T, et al. Pathology of sporotrichosis in 10 cats in Rio de Janeiro. Vet Rec 2003; 152:172-175.
34. Leme LR, Schubach TM, Santos IB, et al. Mycological evaluation of bronchoalveolar lavage in cats with respiratory signs from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mycoses 2007; 50:210-214. The results suggest that S. schenckii can cause infection of skin contiguous to the natural facial orifices through colonization of the mucosal surfaces of the upper airways.
35. Reis R, Schubach T, Guimarães A, et al. Molecular typing of Sporothrix schenckii strains isolated from clinical specimens in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil [abstract]. In: Abstracts of the 14th Congress of the International Society of Human and Animal Mycology, Buenos Aires: International Society of Human and Animal Mycology; 2000. p. 498.
36. Schubach TMP, Schubach AO, Okamoto T, et al. Sporothrix schenckii isolation from blood clot of naturally infected cats. Braz J Vet Res Anim Sci 2004; 41:404-408.
37. Schubach TMP, Schubach AO, Okamoto T, et al. Hematogenous spread of Sporothrix schenckii in cats with naturally acquired sporotrichosis. J Small Anim Pract 2003; 44:395-398.
38. Brito MMS, Conceição-Silva F, Morgado FN, et al. Comparison of virulence of two different Sporothrix schenckii clinical isolates using experimental murine model. Med Mycol 2007; 45:721-729.
39. Kong X, Xiao T, Lin J, et al. Relationships among genotypes, virulence and clinical forms of Sporothrix schenckii infection. Clin Microbiol Infect 2006; 12:1077-1081.
40. Nobre MO, Antunes TA, De Faria RO, et al. Differences in virulence between isolates of feline sporotrichosis. Mycopathol 2005; 160:43-49.
41. Trilles L, Fernandez-Torres B, Dos Santos Lazera M, et al. In vitro antifungal susceptibilities of Sporothrix schenckii in two growth phases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 49:3952-3954.
42. Alvarado-Ramirez E, Torres-Rodriguez JM. In vitro susceptibility of Sporothrix schenckii to six antifungal agents determined using three different methods. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:2420-2423.
43. Gonzalez GM, Fothergill AW, Sutton DA, et al. In vitro activities of new and established triazoles against opportunistic filamentous and dimorphic fungi. Med Mycol 2005; 43:281-284.
44. Kohler LM, Soares BM, De Assis Santos D, et al. In vitro susceptibility of isolates of Sporothrix schenckii to amphotericin B, itraconazole, and terbinafine: comparison of yeast and mycelial forms. Can J Microbiol 2006; 52:843-847.
45. Meinerz AR, Nascente Pda S, Schuch LF, et al. In vitro susceptibility of isolates of Sporothrix schenckii to terbinafine and itraconazole. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2007; 40:60-62. An interesting study on the in-vitro susceptibility of isolates of S. schenckii to antifungal drugs, specially terbinafine
46. Morera-Lopez Y, Torres-Rodriguez JM, Jimenez-Cabello T. In vitro susceptibility of fungal and yeast clinical isolates to itraconazole and voriconazole. Rev Iberoam Micol 2005; 22:105-109.
47. h1-prone immunity by human dendritic cells activated with Sporothrix schenckii of cutaneous and visceral origins to determine their different virulence. Int Immunol 2006; 18:1637-1646.
48. Zhang Z, Liu X, Yang G, et al. Genotyping of Sporothrix schenckii by analysis of ribosomal DNA regions. Mycoses 2006; 49:305-310.
49. Neyra E, Fonteyne PA, Swinne D, et al. Epidemiology of human sporotrichosis investigated by amplified fragment length polymorphism. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:1348-1352.
50. Marimon R, Gene J, Cano J, et al. Molecular phylogeny of Sporothrix schenckii. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:3251-3256.