Being poor and coping with stress: Health behaviors and the risk of death

American Journal of Public Health

Volumn 98, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 889-896

  Krueger, Patrick M ^a,b   Chang, Virginia W ^c,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

^c VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; COPING BEHAVIOR; DEATH; FEMALE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; MALE; MORTALITY; POPULATION RESEARCH; RISK FACTOR; SOCIAL STATUS; STRESS; DRINKING BEHAVIOR; EXERCISE; MENTAL STRESS; MIDDLE AGED; POVERTY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SMOKING; SOCIAL CLASS; UNITED STATES;

ADULT; ALCOHOL DRINKING; EXERCISE; FEMALE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH SURVEYS; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; POVERTY; RISK FACTORS; SMOKING; SOCIAL CLASS; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; UNITED STATES;

EID: 43049167433     PISSN: 00900036     EISSN: 15410048     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.114454     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Fennell ML, Rodin MB, Kantor GK. Problems in the work setting, drinking, and reasons for drinking. Soc Forces. 1981;60:114-132.
2. Kuntsche E, Knibbe R, Gmel G, Engels R. Why do young people drink? A review of drinking motives. Clin Psychol Rev. 2005;25:841-861.
3. Lawlor DA, Frankel S, Shaw M, Ebrahim S, Smith GD. Smoking and ill health: does lay epidemiology explain the failure of smoking cessation programs among deprived populations? Am J Public Health. 2003;93:266-270.
4. Ng DM, Jeffery RW. Relationships between perceived stress and health behaviors in a sample of working adults. Health Psychol. 2003;22:638-642.
5. Pearlin LI, Schooler C. The structure of coping. J Health Soc Behav. 1978;19:2-21.
6. Ragland DR. Current developments in the study of stress and alcohol consumption. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1996;20:51-53.
7. Revel AD, Warburton DM, Wesnes K. Smoking as a coping strategy. Addict Behav. 1985;10:209-224.
8. Warburton DM. Smoking within reason. J Smoking Related Dis. 1992;3:55-59.
9. Zillman D, Bryant J. Affect, mood, and emotion as determinants of selective exposure. In: Zillman D, Bryant J, eds. Selective Exposure to Communication. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1985:157-190.
10. Boutelle KN, Murray DM, Jeffery RW, Hennrikus DJ, Lando HA. Associations between exercise and health behaviors in a community sample of working adults. Prev Med. 2000;30:217-224.
11. Byrne DG, Mazanov J. Adolescent stress and future smoking behavior: a prospective investigation. J Psychosom Res. 2003;54:313-321.
12. Chassin L, Presson CC, Sherman SJ, Kim K. Long-term psychological sequelae of smoking cessation and relapse. Health Psychol. 2002;21:438-443.
13. Cohen S, Lichtenstein E. Perceived stress, quitting smoking, and smoking relapse. Health Psychol. 1990;9:466-478.
14. Cohen S, Schwartz JE, Bromet EJ, Parkinson DK. Mental health, stress, and poor health behaviors in two community samples. Prev Med. 1991;20:306-315.
15. Colby JP, Linsky AS, Strauss MA. Social stress and state-to-state differences in smoking and smoking related mortality in the United States. Soc Sci Med. 1994;38:373-381.
16. Cooper ML, Russell M, George WH. Coping, expectancies, and alcohol abuse: a test of social learning formulations. J Abnorm Psychol. 1988;97:218-230.
17. Grunberg L, Moore S, Greenberg ES. Work stress and self-reported alcohol use: the moderating role of escapist reasons for drinking. J Occup Health Psychol. 1999;4:29-36.
18. Heslop P, Smith GD, Carroll D, Macleod J, Hyland F, Hart C. Perceived stress and coronary heart disease risk factors: the contribution of socio-economic position. Br J Health Psychol. 2001;6:167-178.
19. Johansson G, Johnson JV, Hall EM. Smoking and sedentary behavior as related to work organization. Soc Sci Med. 1991;7:837-846.
20. Kouvonen A, Kivimäki M, Elovainio M, Virtanen M, Linna A, Vahtera J. Job strain and leisure-time physical activity in female and male public sector employees. Prev Med. 2005;41:532-539.
21. Stead M, MacAskill S, MacKintosh AM, Reece J, Eadie D. "It's as if you're locked in": qualitative explanations for area effects on smoking in disadvantaged communities. Health Place. 2000;7:333-343.
22. Steptoe A, Lipsey Z. Stress, hassles, and variations in alcohol consumption, food choice, and physical exercise: a diary study. Br J Health Psychol. 1998;3:51-63.
23. Steptoe A, Wardle J, Pollard TM, Canaan L, Davies GJ. Stress, social support, and health-related behavior: a study of smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical exercise. J Psychosom Res. 1996;41:171-180.
24. Aldana SG, Sutton LD, Jacobson BH, Quirk MG. Relationships between leisure time physical activity and perceived stress. Percept Mot Skills. 1996;82:315-321.
25. Stetson BA, Rahn JM, Dubbert PM, Wilner BJ, Mercury MG. Prospective evaluation of the effects of stress on exercise adherence in community-residing women. Health Psychol. 1997;16:515-520.
26. Lantz PM, House JS, Mero RP, Williams DR. Stress, life events, and socioeconomic disparities in health: results from the Americans' Changing Lives Study. J Health Soc Behav. 2005;46:274-288.
27. Paffenbarger RS, Hyde RT, Wing AL, Lee IM, Jung DL, Kampert JB. The association of changes in physical-activity level and other lifestyle characteristics with mortality among men. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:538-545.
28. Doll R, Peto R, Wheatley K, Gray R, Sutherland I. Mortality in relation to smoking: 40 years' observations on male British doctors. BMJ. 1994;309:901-911.
29. Gronbaek M, Deis A, Sorensen TIA, et al. Influence of sex, age, body mass index, and smoking on alcohol intake and mortality. BMJ. 1994;308:302-306.
30. Peto R, Lopez AD, Boreham J, Thun M, Heath C Jr. Mortality From Smoking in Developed Countries 1950-2000: Indirect Estimates From National Vital Statistics. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press Inc; 1994.
31. Rogers RG, Hummer RA, Krueger PM, Pampel FC. Mortality attributable to cigarette smoking in the United States. Popul Dev Rev. 2005;31:259-292.
32. Rogers RG, Hummer RA, Nam C. Living and Dying in the USA: Behavioral, Health, and Social Differentials of Adult Mortality. New York, NY: Academic Press; 2000.
33. Doll R, Peto R, Hall E, Wheatley K, Gray R. Mortality in relation to consumption of alcohol: 13 years' observations on male British doctors. BMJ. 1994;309:911-918.
34. Marmot MG, Rose G, Shipley MJ, Thomas BJ. Alcohol and mortality: a U-shaped curve. Lancet. 1981;317:580-583.
35. Sharper AG, Wannamethee G, Walker M. Alcohol and mortality in British men: explaining the U-shaped curve. Lancet. 1988;332:1267-1273.
36. Thun MJ, Peto R, Lopez AD, et al. Alcohol consumption and mortality among middle-aged and elderly U.S. adults. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:1705-1714.
37. Farmer MM, Ferraro KF. Are racial disparities in health conditional on socioeconomic status? Soc Sci Med. 2005;60:191-204.
38. Smith KR, Weitzman NJ. Double jeopardy: interaction effects of marital and poverty status on the risk of mortality. Demography. 1994;31:487-507.
39. Parrott AC. Does cigarettes smoking cause stress? Am Psychol. 1999;54:817-820.
40. Salmon P. Effects of physical exercise on anxiety, depression, and sensitivity to stress: a unifying theory. Clin Psychol Rev. 2001;21:33-61.
41. Gallo LC, Matthews KA. Do negative emotions mediate the association between socioeconomic status and health? Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999;896:226-245.
42. Birch S, Jerrett M, Eyles J. Heterogeneity in the determinants of health and illness: the example of socioeconomic status and smoking. Soc Sci Med. 2000;51:307-317.
43. Pampel FC, Rogers RG. Socioeconomic status, smoking, and health: a test of competing theories of cumulative advantage. J Health Soc Behav. 2004;45:306-321.
44. Blaxter M. Health and Lifestyles. London, England: Tavistock; 1990.
45. Link BG, Phelan J. Social conditions as fundamental causes of disease. J Health Soc Behav. 1995;35(extra issue):80-94.
46. Smith GD, Shipley MJ. Confounding of occupation and smoking: its magnitude and consequence. Soc Sci Med. 1991;32:1297-1300.
47. Sterling T, Weinkam J. The confounding of occupation and smoking and its consequences. Soc Sci Med. 1990;30:457-467.
48. National Health Interview Survey, 1990: Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Sample Person Supplement. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 1993.
49. Massey JT, Morre TF, Parsons VL, Tadros W. Design and estimation for the National Health Interview Survey, 1985-1994. Vital Health Stat 2. 1989;No. 110.
50. National Health Interview Survey, Multiple Cause of Death Public Use Data File: 1986-1997 Survey Years. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2000.
51. Greenland S. Dose-response and trend analysis in epidemiology: alternatives to categorical analysis. Epidemiology. 1995;6:356-365.
52. Galobardes B, Shaw M, Lawlor DA, Smith GD, Lynch J. Indicators of socioeconomic position. In: Oakes JM, Kaufman JS, eds. Methods in Social Epidemiology. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 2006:47-85.
53. Parker RN, Fenwick R. The Pareto curve and its utility for open-ended income distributions in survey research. Soc Forces. 1983;61:873-885.
54. Elo IT, Preston SH. Educational differentials in mortality: United States, 1979-85. Soc Sci Med. 1996;42:47-57.
55. Allison PD. Missing Data. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications; 2002.
56. Royston PM. Multiple imputation of missing values: update. Stata J. 2005;5:188-201.
57. Schafer JL. Analysis of Incomplete Multivariate Data. London, England: Chapman & Hall; 1997.
58. Rubin DB. Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc; 1987.
59. Preston SH, Heuveline P, Guillot M. Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes. Malden, MA: Blackwell; 2001.
60. Allison PD. Event History Analysis: Regression for Longitudinal Event Data. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications; 1984.
61. Lee ET, Wang JW. Statistical Methods for Survival Data Analysis. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc; 2003.
62. Akaike H. A new look at the statistical model identification. IEEE Transactions Automatic Control. 1974;AC19:716-723.
63. Stata Statistical Software: Release 9. College Station, TX: StataCorp; 2005.
64. Shaffer JP. Multiple hypothesis testing. Annu Rev Psychol. 1995;46:561-584.
65. Brame R, Paternoster R, Mazerolle P, Piquero A. Testing for the equality of maximum-likelihood regression coefficients between two independent equations. J Quant Criminol. 1998;14:245-261.
66. Lantz PM, House JS, Lepkowski JM, Williams DR, Mero RP, Chen J. Socioeconomic factors, health behaviors, and mortality: results from a nationally representative prospective study of US adults. JAMA. 1998;279:1703-1708.
67. Lantz PM, Lynch JW, House JS, et al. Socioeconomic disparities in health change in a longitudinal study of US adults: the role of health-risk behaviors. Soc Sci Med. 2001;53:29-40.
68. Wiltshire S, Bancroft A, Amos A, Parry O. 'They're doing people a service' - qualitative study of smoking, smuggling, and social deprivation. BMJ. 2001;323:203-207.
69. Collins LM, Schafer JL, Kam CM. A comparison of inclusive and restrictive strategies in modern missing data procedures. Psychol Methods. 2001;6:330-351.
70. Grzywacz JG, Almeida DM, Neupert SD, Ettner SL. Socioeconomic status and health: a micro-level analysis of exposure and vulnerability to daily stressors. J Health Soc Behav. 2004;45:1-16.
71. Schieman S, Kurashina Whitestone Y, Van Gundy K. The nature of work and the stress of higher status. J Health Soc Behav. 2006;47:242-257.