메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 89-111

A mass balance inventory of mercury in the Arctic Ocean

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECT; BIOACCUMULATION; BIOAVAILABILITY; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; BIOTA; COASTAL EROSION; EMISSION INVENTORY; MASS BALANCE; MERCURY (ELEMENT); SEAWATER; SPECIATION (CHEMISTRY); WET DEPOSITION;

EID: 42949135896     PISSN: 14482517     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1071/EN08002     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (150)

References (144)
  • 1
    • 42949148594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AMAP, Arctic Pollution 2002: Persistent Organic Pollutants, Heavy Metals, Radioactivity, Human Health, Changing Pathways 2002 (Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme: Oslo).
    • AMAP, Arctic Pollution 2002: Persistent Organic Pollutants, Heavy Metals, Radioactivity, Human Health, Changing Pathways 2002 (Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme: Oslo).
  • 6
    • 0032508236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylmercury and total mercury in tissues of arctic marine mammals
    • doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00192-2
    • R. Wagemann, E. Trebacz, G. Boila, W. L. Lockhart, Methylmercury and total mercury in tissues of arctic marine mammals. Sci. Total Environ. 1998, 218, 19. doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00192-2
    • (1998) Sci. Total Environ , vol.218 , pp. 19
    • Wagemann, R.1    Trebacz, E.2    Boila, G.3    Lockhart, W.L.4
  • 7
    • 0036296850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of modern and preindustrial levels of mercury in the teeth of beluga in the Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories, and walrus at Igloolik, Nunavut, Canada
    • P. M. Outridge, R. McNeely, K. A. Hobson, A. Dyke, A comparison of modern and preindustrial levels of mercury in the teeth of beluga in the Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories, and walrus at Igloolik, Nunavut, Canada. Arctic 2002, 55, 123.
    • (2002) Arctic , vol.55 , pp. 123
    • Outridge, P.M.1    McNeely, R.2    Hobson, K.A.3    Dyke, A.4
  • 8
    • 26844538559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in the mercury and cadmium concentrations and feeding behaviour of beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) near Somerset Island, Canada, during the 20th Century
    • doi:10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2004.12.081
    • P. M. Outridge, K. A. Hobson, J. M. Savelle, Changes in the mercury and cadmium concentrations and feeding behaviour of beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) near Somerset Island, Canada, during the 20th Century. Sci. Total Environ. 2005, 350, 106. doi:10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2004.12.081
    • (2005) Sci. Total Environ , vol.350 , pp. 106
    • Outridge, P.M.1    Hobson, K.A.2    Savelle, J.M.3
  • 11
    • 0009554376 scopus 로고
    • Trace metal concentrations in hair from ancient and present day Greenlanders
    • J. C. Hansen, Trace metal concentrations in hair from ancient and present day Greenlanders. Arctic Med. Res. 1981, 33, 543.
    • (1981) Arctic Med. Res , vol.33 , pp. 543
    • Hansen, J.C.1
  • 14
    • 27744476682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total and methyl mercury patterns in Arctic snow during springtime at Resolute, Nunavut, Canada
    • doi:10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2005.07.071
    • N. Lahoutifard, M. Sparling, D. Lean, Total and methyl mercury patterns in Arctic snow during springtime at Resolute, Nunavut, Canada. Atmos. Environ. 2005, 39, 7597. doi:10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2005.07.071
    • (2005) Atmos. Environ , vol.39 , pp. 7597
    • Lahoutifard, N.1    Sparling, M.2    Lean, D.3
  • 15
    • 33845750720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid reduction and re-emission of mercury deposited into snowpacks during atmospheric mercury depletion events at Churchill, Manitoba, Canada
    • doi:10.1021/ES061299
    • J. L. Kirk, V. L. St. Louis, M. J. Sharp, Rapid reduction and re-emission of mercury deposited into snowpacks during atmospheric mercury depletion events at Churchill, Manitoba, Canada. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 7590. doi:10.1021/ES061299+
    • (2006) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.40 , pp. 7590
    • Kirk, J.L.1    St. Louis, V.L.2    Sharp, M.J.3
  • 16
    • 34250666256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fate of inorganic mercury and methyl mercury within the snow cover in the low arctic tundra on the shore of Hudson Bay (Quebec, Canada)
    • P. Constant, L. Poissant, R. Villemur, E. Yumvihoze, D. Lean, Fate of inorganic mercury and methyl mercury within the snow cover in the low arctic tundra on the shore of Hudson Bay (Quebec, Canada). J. Geophys. Res. 2007, 112, D08309.
    • (2007) J. Geophys. Res , vol.112
    • Constant, P.1    Poissant, L.2    Villemur, R.3    Yumvihoze, E.4    Lean, D.5
  • 17
    • 8444243040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redox transformations of mercury in an Arctic snow-pack at springtime
    • doi:10.1016/J.ATMOSENV. 2004.09.013
    • A. J. Poulain, J. D. Lalonde, J. D. Amyot, J. A. Shead F. Raofie, P. A. Ariya, Redox transformations of mercury in an Arctic snow-pack at springtime. Atmos. Environ. 2004, 38, 6763. doi:10.1016/J.ATMOSENV. 2004.09.013
    • (2004) Atmos. Environ , vol.38 , pp. 6763
    • Poulain, A.J.1    Lalonde, J.D.2    Amyot, J.D.3    Shead, J.A.4    Raofie, F.5    Ariya, P.A.6
  • 18
    • 27744491223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C. P. Ferrari, P. A. Gauchard, A. Dommergue, O. Magand, S. Nagorski, C. F. Boutron, C. Temme, E. Bahlmann, R. Ebinghaus, A. Steffen, C. Banic, K. Aspmo, T. Berg, F. Plan-Planchon, C. Barbante, Snow to air exchange of mercury in an Arctic seasonal snow pack in Ny-Alesund Svalbard. Atmos. Environ. 2005, 39, 7633. doi:10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2005.06.058
    • C. P. Ferrari, P. A. Gauchard, A. Dommergue, O. Magand, S. Nagorski, C. F. Boutron, C. Temme, E. Bahlmann, R. Ebinghaus, A. Steffen, C. Banic, K. Aspmo, T. Berg, F. Plan-Planchon, C. Barbante, Snow to air exchange of mercury in an Arctic seasonal snow pack in Ny-Alesund Svalbard. Atmos. Environ. 2005, 39, 7633. doi:10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2005.06.058
  • 20
    • 12344250601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modern and historic atmospheric mercury fluxes in northern Alaska: Global sources and Arctic depletion
    • doi:10.1021/ES049128X
    • W. F. Fitzgerald, D. R. Engstrom, C. H. Lamborg, C.-M. Tseng, P. H. Balcom, C. R. Hammerschmidt, Modern and historic atmospheric mercury fluxes in northern Alaska: global sources and Arctic depletion. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39, 557. doi:10.1021/ES049128X
    • (2005) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.39 , pp. 557
    • Fitzgerald, W.F.1    Engstrom, D.R.2    Lamborg, C.H.3    Tseng, C.-M.4    Balcom, P.H.5    Hammerschmidt, C.R.6
  • 21
    • 34447316441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trend, seasonal and multivariate analysis study of total gaseous mercury data from the Canadian atmospheric mercury measurement network (CAMNet)
    • doi:10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2007.02.021
    • C. Temme, P. Blanchard, A. Steffen, S. T. Beauchamp, L. Poissant, R. J. Tordon, B. Weins, Trend, seasonal and multivariate analysis study of total gaseous mercury data from the Canadian atmospheric mercury measurement network (CAMNet). Atmos. Environ. 2007, 41, 5423. doi:10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2007.02.021
    • (2007) Atmos. Environ , vol.41 , pp. 5423
    • Temme, C.1    Blanchard, P.2    Steffen, A.3    Beauchamp, S.T.4    Poissant, L.5    Tordon, R.J.6    Weins, B.7
  • 22
    • 34547674739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for control of mercury accumulation rates in Canadian High Arctic Lake sediments by variations in aquatic primary productivity
    • doi:10.1021/ES070408X
    • P. M. Outridge, H. Sanei, G. A. Stern, P. B. Hamilton, F. Goodarzi, Evidence for control of mercury accumulation rates in Canadian High Arctic Lake sediments by variations in aquatic primary productivity. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41, 5259. doi:10.1021/ES070408X
    • (2007) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.41 , pp. 5259
    • Outridge, P.M.1    Sanei, H.2    Stern, G.A.3    Hamilton, P.B.4    Goodarzi, F.5
  • 23
    • 0003201971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R. W. Macdonald, L. A. Barrie, T. F. Bidleman, M. L. Diamond, D. J. Gregor, R. G. Semkin, W. M. J. Strachan, Y. F. Li, F. Wania, M. Alaee, L. B. Alexeeva, S. M. Backus, R. Bailey, J. M. Bewers, C. Gobeil, C. J. Halsall, T. Harner, J. T. Hoff, L. M. M. Jantunen, W. L. Lockhart, D. Mackay, D. C. G. Muir, J. Pudykiewicz, K. J. Reimer, J. N. Smith, G. A. Stern, W. H. Schroeder, R. Wagemann, M. B. Yunker, Contaminants in the Canadian Arctic: 5 years of progress in understanding sources, occurrence and pathways. Sci. Total Environ. 2000, 254, 93. doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00434-4
    • R. W. Macdonald, L. A. Barrie, T. F. Bidleman, M. L. Diamond, D. J. Gregor, R. G. Semkin, W. M. J. Strachan, Y. F. Li, F. Wania, M. Alaee, L. B. Alexeeva, S. M. Backus, R. Bailey, J. M. Bewers, C. Gobeil, C. J. Halsall, T. Harner, J. T. Hoff, L. M. M. Jantunen, W. L. Lockhart, D. Mackay, D. C. G. Muir, J. Pudykiewicz, K. J. Reimer, J. N. Smith, G. A. Stern, W. H. Schroeder, R. Wagemann, M. B. Yunker, Contaminants in the Canadian Arctic: 5 years of progress in understanding sources, occurrence and pathways. Sci. Total Environ. 2000, 254, 93. doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00434-4
  • 24
    • 34548576898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass balance of mercury in the Mediterranean Sea
    • doi:10.1016/J.MARCHEM.2006.10.001
    • R. Rajar, M. Cetina, M. Horvat, D. Zagar, Mass balance of mercury in the Mediterranean Sea. Mar. Chem. 2007, 107, 89. doi:10.1016/J.MARCHEM.2006.10.001
    • (2007) Mar. Chem , vol.107 , pp. 89
    • Rajar, R.1    Cetina, M.2    Horvat, M.3    Zagar, D.4
  • 26
    • 42949144077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • W. E. Raatz, The climatology and meteorology of Arctic air pollution, in Pollution of the Arctic Atmosphere (Ed. W. T. Sturges) 1991, pp. 13-42 (Elsevier Press: London, UK).
    • W. E. Raatz, The climatology and meteorology of Arctic air pollution, in Pollution of the Arctic Atmosphere (Ed. W. T. Sturges) 1991, pp. 13-42 (Elsevier Press: London, UK).
  • 28
    • 18144426146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent climate change in the Arctic and its impact on contaminant pathways and interpretation of temporal trend data
    • doi:10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2004.12.059
    • R. W. Macdonald T. Harner, J. Fyfe, Recent climate change in the Arctic and its impact on contaminant pathways and interpretation of temporal trend data. Sci. Total Environ. 2005, 342, 5. doi:10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2004.12.059
    • (2005) Sci. Total Environ , vol.342 , pp. 5
    • Macdonald, R.W.1    Harner, T.2    Fyfe, J.3
  • 29
    • 42949164409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T. Iversen, Atmospheric transport pathways for the Arctic, in Chemical Exchange between the Atmosphere and Polar Snow, 43, Global Environmental Change (Eds E. Wolff, R. C. Bales) 1996, pp. 71-92 (Springer-Verlag: Berlin).
    • T. Iversen, Atmospheric transport pathways for the Arctic, in Chemical Exchange between the Atmosphere and Polar Snow, Vol. 43, Global Environmental Change (Eds E. Wolff, R. C. Bales) 1996, pp. 71-92 (Springer-Verlag: Berlin).
  • 30
    • 0035902994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of Arctic circulation
    • doi:10.1126/SCIENCE.1064217
    • L. A. Mysak, Patterns of Arctic circulation. Science 2001, 293, 1269. doi:10.1126/SCIENCE.1064217
    • (2001) Science , vol.293 , pp. 1269
    • Mysak, L.A.1
  • 31
    • 0034494510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • a review
    • Recent environmental change in the Arctic
    • J. Morison, K. Aagaard, M. Steele, Recent environmental change in the Arctic: a review. Arctic 2000, 53, 359.
    • (2000) Arctic , vol.53 , pp. 359
    • Morison, J.1    Aagaard, K.2    Steele, M.3
  • 32
    • 0032032714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric mercury - an overview
    • doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00293-8
    • W. H. Schroeder, J. Munthe, Atmospheric mercury - an overview. Atmos. Environ. 1998, 32, 809. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00293-8
    • (1998) Atmos. Environ , vol.32 , pp. 809
    • Schroeder, W.H.1    Munthe, J.2
  • 33
    • 33845675677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global lifetime of elemental mercury against oxidation by atomic bromine in the free troposphere
    • C. D. Holmes, D. J. Jacob, X. Yang, Global lifetime of elemental mercury against oxidation by atomic bromine in the free troposphere. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2006, 33, L20808.
    • (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.33
    • Holmes, C.D.1    Jacob, D.J.2    Yang, X.3
  • 36
    • 84942434677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geochemistry of Mercury in the Environment
    • Eds B. Sherwood Lollar, H. D. Holland, K. K. Turekian, Elsevier: Oxford, UK
    • W. F. Fitzgerald C. H. Lamborg, Geochemistry of Mercury in the Environment, in Treatise on Geochemistry, Vol. 9 (Eds B. Sherwood Lollar, H. D. Holland, K. K. Turekian) 2007, pp. 1-47 (Elsevier: Oxford, UK).
    • (2007) Treatise on Geochemistry , vol.9 , pp. 1-47
    • Fitzgerald, W.F.1    Lamborg, C.H.2
  • 38
    • 33746738844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mercury in the atmosphere, snow and melt water ponds in the north Atlantic Ocean during Arctic summer
    • doi:10.1021/ES052117Z
    • K. Aspmo, C. Temme, T. Berg, C. Ferrari, P.-A. Gauchard, P.-A. Fain, G. Wibetoe, Mercury in the atmosphere, snow and melt water ponds in the north Atlantic Ocean during Arctic summer. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 4083. doi:10.1021/ES052117Z
    • (2006) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.40 , pp. 4083
    • Aspmo, K.1    Temme, C.2    Berg, T.3    Ferrari, C.4    Gauchard, P.-A.5    Fain, P.-A.6    Wibetoe, G.7
  • 39
    • 0036299973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contaminants in Arctic snow collected over northwest Alaskan sea ice
    • doi:10.1023/A:1015808008298
    • J. R. Garbarino, E. Snyder-Conn, T. J. Leiker, G. L. Hoffman, Contaminants in Arctic snow collected over northwest Alaskan sea ice. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2002, 139, 183. doi:10.1023/A:1015808008298
    • (2002) Water Air Soil Pollut , vol.139 , pp. 183
    • Garbarino, J.R.1    Snyder-Conn, E.2    Leiker, T.J.3    Hoffman, G.L.4
  • 40
    • 34247588202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of temperate mixed and deciduous tree covers on Hg concentrations and photoredox transformations in snow
    • doi:10.1016/J.GCA.2007.03.003
    • A. J. Poulain, V. Roy, J. D. Amyot, Influence of temperate mixed and deciduous tree covers on Hg concentrations and photoredox transformations in snow. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2007, 71, 2448. doi:10.1016/J.GCA.2007.03.003
    • (2007) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.71 , pp. 2448
    • Poulain, A.J.1    Roy, V.2    Amyot, J.D.3
  • 41
    • 0029074892 scopus 로고
    • Methylmercury output from the Svartberget catchment in northern Sweden during spring flood
    • doi:10.1007/BF01189694
    • K. Bishop, Y.-H. Lee, C. Pettersson, B. Allard, Methylmercury output from the Svartberget catchment in northern Sweden during spring flood. Water Air Soil Pollut. 1995, 50, 445. doi:10.1007/BF01189694
    • (1995) Water Air Soil Pollut , vol.50 , pp. 445
    • Bishop, K.1    Lee, Y.-H.2    Pettersson, C.3    Allard, B.4
  • 43
    • 0035094381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of contemporary Arctic river runoff based on observational discharge records
    • doi:10.1029/2000JD900444
    • R. B. Lammers, A. J. Shiklomanov, C. J. Vörösmarty, B. M. Fekete, B. J. Peterson, Assessment of contemporary Arctic river runoff based on observational discharge records. J. Geophys. Res. 2001, 106, 3321. doi:10.1029/2000JD900444
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res , vol.106 , pp. 3321
    • Lammers, R.B.1    Shiklomanov, A.J.2    Vörösmarty, C.J.3    Fekete, B.M.4    Peterson, B.J.5
  • 44
    • 0001864077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of river water inflow to the Arctic Ocean
    • Eds E. L. Lewis, E. P. Jones, P. Lemke, T. D. Prowse, P. Wadhams, Kluwer Academic Publishers: Boston, MA
    • I. A. Shiklomanov, A. I. Shiklomanov, R. B. Lammers, B. J. Peterson, C. J. Vorosmarty, The dynamics of river water inflow to the Arctic Ocean, in The Freshwater Budget of the Arctic Ocean (Eds E. L. Lewis, E. P. Jones, P. Lemke, T. D. Prowse, P. Wadhams) 2000, pp. 281-296 (Kluwer Academic Publishers: Boston, MA).
    • (2000) The Freshwater Budget of the Arctic Ocean , pp. 281-296
    • Shiklomanov, I.A.1    Shiklomanov, A.I.2    Lammers, R.B.3    Peterson, B.J.4    Vorosmarty, C.J.5
  • 45
    • 42949095898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An assessment of groundwater input of nutrients into the coastal seas of the Russian Arctic
    • V. V. Gordeev, R. G. Dzhamalov, I. S. Zektser, A. V. Zhulidov, V. A. Bryzgalo, An assessment of groundwater input of nutrients into the coastal seas of the Russian Arctic. Water Resour. 1999, 36, 1.
    • (1999) Water Resour , vol.36 , pp. 1
    • Gordeev, V.V.1    Dzhamalov, R.G.2    Zektser, I.S.3    Zhulidov, A.V.4    Bryzgalo, V.A.5
  • 49
  • 50
    • 42949137414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A. Stigebrandt, The North Pacific: a global-scale estuary. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1984, 14, 464. doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1984)014 〈0464:TNPAGS〉2.0.CO;2
    • A. Stigebrandt, The North Pacific: a global-scale estuary. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1984, 14, 464. doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1984)014 〈0464:TNPAGS〉2.0.CO;2
  • 51
    • 0012373686 scopus 로고
    • On the water exchange through Bering Strait
    • L. K. Coachman, K. Aagaard, On the water exchange through Bering Strait. Limnol. Oceanogr. 1966, 11, 44.
    • (1966) Limnol. Oceanogr , vol.11 , pp. 44
    • Coachman, L.K.1    Aagaard, K.2
  • 52
    • 0038035351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the ocean in the global mercury cycle
    • doi:10.1029/ 2001GB001440
    • R. P. Mason, G.-R. Sheu, Role of the ocean in the global mercury cycle. Global Biogeochem. Cy. 2002, 16, 1093. doi:10.1029/ 2001GB001440
    • (2002) Global Biogeochem. Cy , vol.16 , pp. 1093
    • Mason, R.P.1    Sheu, G.-R.2
  • 55
    • 33947584663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal and daily variation of mercury evasion at coastal and offshore sites from the Mediterranean Sea
    • doi:10.1016/J.MARCHEM. 2006.11.003
    • M. E. Andersson, K. Gardfeldt, I. Wangberg, F. Sprovieri, N. Pirrone, O. Lindqvist, Seasonal and daily variation of mercury evasion at coastal and offshore sites from the Mediterranean Sea. Mar. Chem. 2007, 104, 214. doi:10.1016/J.MARCHEM. 2006.11.003
    • (2007) Mar. Chem , vol.104 , pp. 214
    • Andersson, M.E.1    Gardfeldt, K.2    Wangberg, I.3    Sprovieri, F.4    Pirrone, N.5    Lindqvist, O.6
  • 56
  • 57
    • 42949148593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C. Temme, J. Baukau, B. Schneider, K. Aspmo, X. Fain, C. Ferrari, P.-A. Gauehard, R. Ebinghaus, Air-water exchange of mercury in the North Atlantic Ocean during Arctic summer, in Extended Abstract for the XIII International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment, 5-9 June 2005, Rio de Janeiro (Eds R. B. E. Trindade, R. Melamed, L. G. S. Sobral, J. P. Barbosa) 2005 (R. P. Romualdo Desktop Publishing: Rio de Janeiro).
    • C. Temme, J. Baukau, B. Schneider, K. Aspmo, X. Fain, C. Ferrari, P.-A. Gauehard, R. Ebinghaus, Air-water exchange of mercury in the North Atlantic Ocean during Arctic summer, in Extended Abstract for the XIII International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment, 5-9 June 2005, Rio de Janeiro (Eds R. B. E. Trindade, R. Melamed, L. G. S. Sobral, J. P. Barbosa) 2005 (R. P. Romualdo Desktop Publishing: Rio de Janeiro).
  • 58
    • 0035141708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air-sea exchange of mercury vapour over the Gulf of Gdansk and southern Baltic Sea
    • doi:10.1016/S0924-7963(00)00076-2
    • R. Marks, M. Beldowska, Air-sea exchange of mercury vapour over the Gulf of Gdansk and southern Baltic Sea. J. Mar. Syst. 2001, 27, 315. doi:10.1016/S0924-7963(00)00076-2
    • (2001) J. Mar. Syst , vol.27 , pp. 315
    • Marks, R.1    Beldowska, M.2
  • 59
    • 0028599096 scopus 로고
    • Sediments in Arctic sea ice: Implications for entrainment, transport and release
    • doi:10.1016/0025-3227(94)90181-3
    • D. Nurnberg, I. Wollenburg, D. Dethlef, H. Eicken, H. Kassens, T. Letzig, E. Reimnitz, J. Thiede, Sediments in Arctic sea ice: implications for entrainment, transport and release. Mar. Geol. 1994, 119, 185. doi:10.1016/0025-3227(94)90181-3
    • (1994) Mar. Geol , vol.119 , pp. 185
    • Nurnberg, D.1    Wollenburg, I.2    Dethlef, D.3    Eicken, H.4    Kassens, H.5    Letzig, T.6    Reimnitz, E.7    Thiede, J.8
  • 62
    • 1842631495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fate of elemental mercury in the Arctic during atmospheric depletion episodes and the load of atmospheric mercury to the Arctic
    • doi:10.1021/ES030080H
    • H. Skov, J. H. Christensen, N. Z. Heidam, B. Jensen, P. Wahlin, G. Geernaert, Fate of elemental mercury in the Arctic during atmospheric depletion episodes and the load of atmospheric mercury to the Arctic. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38, 2313. doi:10.1021/ES030080H
    • (2004) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.38 , pp. 2313
    • Skov, H.1    Christensen, J.H.2    Heidam, N.Z.3    Jensen, B.4    Wahlin, P.5    Geernaert, G.6
  • 64
    • 0344874619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global circulation of atmospheric mercury: A modeling study
    • doi:10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2003.08.037
    • A. P. Dastoor, Y. Larocque, Global circulation of atmospheric mercury: a modeling study. Atmos. Environ. 2004, 35, 147. doi:10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2003.08.037
    • (2004) Atmos. Environ , vol.35 , pp. 147
    • Dastoor, A.P.1    Larocque, Y.2
  • 65
    • 0037101832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reaction of gaseous mercury with atomic and molecular halogens, kinetics, products studies, and atmospheric implications
    • doi:10.1021/JP020719O
    • P. A. Ariya, A. Khalizov, A. Gidas, Reaction of gaseous mercury with atomic and molecular halogens, kinetics, products studies, and atmospheric implications. J. Phys. Chem. A 2002, 106, 7310. doi:10.1021/JP020719O
    • (2002) J. Phys. Chem. A , vol.106 , pp. 7310
    • Ariya, P.A.1    Khalizov, A.2    Gidas, A.3
  • 67
    • 33745471132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature- and pressure-dependent rate coefficients for the reaction of Hg with Br and the reaction of Br with Br: A pulsed laser photolysis-pulsed laser induced fluorescence study
    • doi:10.1021/JP054688J
    • D. L. Donohoue, D. Bauer, B. Cossairt, J. Hynes, Temperature- and pressure-dependent rate coefficients for the reaction of Hg with Br and the reaction of Br with Br: a pulsed laser photolysis-pulsed laser induced fluorescence study. J. Phys. Chem. A 2006, 110, 6623. doi:10.1021/JP054688J
    • (2006) J. Phys. Chem. A , vol.110 , pp. 6623
    • Donohoue, D.L.1    Bauer, D.2    Cossairt, B.3    Hynes, J.4
  • 68
    • 33645990013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific uncertainties in atmospheric mercury models I: Model science evaluation
    • doi:10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2006.01.009
    • C.-J. Lin, P. Pongprueksa, S. E. Lindberg, S. O. Pehkonen, D. Byun, C. Jang, Scientific uncertainties in atmospheric mercury models I: Model science evaluation. Atmos. Environ. 2006, 40, 2911. doi:10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2006.01.009
    • (2006) Atmos. Environ , vol.40 , pp. 2911
    • Lin, C.-J.1    Pongprueksa, P.2    Lindberg, S.E.3    Pehkonen, S.O.4    Byun, D.5    Jang, C.6
  • 69
    • 34548175028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific uncertainties in atmospheric mercury models II: Sensitivity analysis in the CONUS domain
    • doi:10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2007.04.030
    • C.-J. Lin, P. Pongprueksa, O. R. Bullock, S. E. Lindberg, S. O. Pehkonen, C. Jang, T. Braverman, T. C. Ho, Scientific uncertainties in atmospheric mercury models II: Sensitivity analysis in the CONUS domain. Atmos. Environ. 2007, 41, 6544. doi:10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2007.04.030
    • (2007) Atmos. Environ , vol.41 , pp. 6544
    • Lin, C.-J.1    Pongprueksa, P.2    Bullock, O.R.3    Lindberg, S.E.4    Pehkonen, S.O.5    Jang, C.6    Braverman, T.7    Ho, T.C.8
  • 71
    • 53049108940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary results from a year's monitoring of Hg in wet deposition at Churchill, Manitoba
    • 2-4 October, Lake Louise, Alberta, Canada, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada: Ottawa, ON
    • H. Sanei, P. M. Outridge, F. Wang, L. Fishback, D. Armstrong, Preliminary results from a year's monitoring of Hg in wet deposition at Churchill, Manitoba, in Poster Presentation, Northern Contaminants Program Annual Workshop, 2-4 October 2007, Lake Louise, Alberta, Canada 2007 (Indian and Northern Affairs Canada: Ottawa, ON).
    • (2007) Poster Presentation, Northern Contaminants Program Annual Workshop
    • Sanei, H.1    Outridge, P.M.2    Wang, F.3    Fishback, L.4    Armstrong, D.5
  • 73
    • 17944380353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnification of atmospheric mercury deposition to polar regions in springtime: The link to tropospheric ozone depletion chemistry
    • doi:10.1029/2000GL012603
    • J. Y. Lu, W. H. Schroeder, L. A. Barrie, A. Steffen, H. E. Welch, K. Martin, L. Lockhart, R. V. Hunt, G. Boila, A. Richter, Magnification of atmospheric mercury deposition to polar regions in springtime: the link to tropospheric ozone depletion chemistry. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2001, 25, 3219. doi:10.1029/2000GL012603
    • (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.25 , pp. 3219
    • Lu, J.Y.1    Schroeder, W.H.2    Barrie, L.A.3    Steffen, A.4    Welch, H.E.5    Martin, K.6    Lockhart, L.7    Hunt, R.V.8    Boila, G.9    Richter, A.10
  • 74
    • 0032103072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R. P. Mason, K. R. Rolfhus, W. F. Fitzgerald Mercury in the North Atlantic. Mar. Chem. 1998, 61, 37. doi:10.1016/S0304- 4203(98)00006-1
    • R. P. Mason, K. R. Rolfhus, W. F. Fitzgerald Mercury in the North Atlantic. Mar. Chem. 1998, 61, 37. doi:10.1016/S0304- 4203(98)00006-1
  • 75
    • 0033044814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The distribution and speciation of mercury in the South and equatorial Atlantic
    • doi:10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00010-7
    • R. P. Mason, K. A. Sullivan, The distribution and speciation of mercury in the South and equatorial Atlantic. Deep-Sea Res. II 1999, 46, 937. doi:10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00010-7
    • (1999) Deep-Sea Res. II , vol.46 , pp. 937
    • Mason, R.P.1    Sullivan, K.A.2
  • 76
    • 0028971066 scopus 로고
    • Mercury and polychlorinated biphenyls in suspended particulate matter from the European Arctic seas
    • C. R. Joiris, N. L. Moatemri, L. Holsbeek, Mercury and polychlorinated biphenyls in suspended particulate matter from the European Arctic seas. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 1995, 55, 893.
    • (1995) Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol , vol.55 , pp. 893
    • Joiris, C.R.1    Moatemri, N.L.2    Holsbeek, L.3
  • 77
    • 7444228789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mercury distributions in the North Pacific Ocean - 20 years of observations
    • doi:10.1016/J.MARCHEM. 2004.02.025
    • F. J. G. Laurier, R. P. Mason, G. A. Gill, L. Whalin, Mercury distributions in the North Pacific Ocean - 20 years of observations. Mar. Chem. 2004, 90, 3. doi:10.1016/J.MARCHEM. 2004.02.025
    • (2004) Mar. Chem , vol.90 , pp. 3
    • Laurier, F.J.G.1    Mason, R.P.2    Gill, G.A.3    Whalin, L.4
  • 78
    • 7444256262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total mercury in the water column near the shelf edge of the European continental margin
    • doi: 10.1016/J.MARCHEM. 2004.02.019
    • D. Cossa, M.-H. Cotte-Krief, R. P. Mason, J. Bretaudeau-Sanjuan, Total mercury in the water column near the shelf edge of the European continental margin. Mar. Chem. 2004, 90, 21. doi: 10.1016/J.MARCHEM. 2004.02.019
    • (2004) Mar. Chem , vol.90 , pp. 21
    • Cossa, D.1    Cotte-Krief, M.-H.2    Mason, R.P.3    Bretaudeau-Sanjuan, J.4
  • 79
    • 34347370517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mercury distribution, partitioning and speciation in coastal vs inland High Arctic snow
    • doi:10.1016/J.GCA.2007.05.006
    • A. J. Poulain, E. Garcia, M. Amyot, P. G. C. Campbell, P. A. Ariya, Mercury distribution, partitioning and speciation in coastal vs inland High Arctic snow. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2007, 71, 3419. doi:10.1016/J.GCA.2007.05.006
    • (2007) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.71 , pp. 3419
    • Poulain, A.J.1    Garcia, E.2    Amyot, M.3    Campbell, P.G.C.4    Ariya, P.A.5
  • 80
    • 0026293233 scopus 로고
    • Chemical interactions and sediments of the western Canadian Arctic Shelf
    • doi:10.1016/0278-4343(91)90082-H
    • R. W. Macdonald, D. J. Thomas, Chemical interactions and sediments of the western Canadian Arctic Shelf. Cont. Shelf Res. 1991, 11, 843. doi:10.1016/0278-4343(91)90082-H
    • (1991) Cont. Shelf Res , vol.11 , pp. 843
    • Macdonald, R.W.1    Thomas, D.J.2
  • 81
    • 0033486119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mercury profiles in sediments of the Arctic Ocean basins
    • doi:10.1021/ES990471P
    • C. Gobeil, R. W. MacDonald, J. N. Smith, Mercury profiles in sediments of the Arctic Ocean basins. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1999, 33, 4194. doi:10.1021/ES990471P
    • (1999) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.33 , pp. 4194
    • Gobeil, C.1    MacDonald, R.W.2    Smith, J.N.3
  • 82
    • 0028990569 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of dissolved and particulate mercury in three Siberian estuaries and adjacent arctic coastal waters
    • doi:10.1007/BF01189718
    • M. Coquery, D. Cossa, J. M. Martin, The distribution of dissolved and particulate mercury in three Siberian estuaries and adjacent arctic coastal waters. Water Air Soil Pollut. 1995, 80, 653. doi:10.1007/BF01189718
    • (1995) Water Air Soil Pollut , vol.80 , pp. 653
    • Coquery, M.1    Cossa, D.2    Martin, J.M.3
  • 83
    • 33846260131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The delivery of mercury to the Beaufort Sea of the Arctic Ocean by the Mackenzie River
    • doi:10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2006.10.041
    • D. R. Leitch, J. Carrie, D. Lean, R. W. Macdonald G. A. Stern, F. Wang, The delivery of mercury to the Beaufort Sea of the Arctic Ocean by the Mackenzie River. Sci. Total Environ. 2007, 373, 178. doi:10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2006.10.041
    • (2007) Sci. Total Environ , vol.373 , pp. 178
    • Leitch, D.R.1    Carrie, J.2    Lean, D.3    Macdonald, R.W.4    Stern, G.A.5    Wang, F.6
  • 85
    • 0035128721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arsenic and mercury contamination in 31 cores taken in 1965, St. Anna Trough, Kara Sea, Arctic Ocean
    • doi:10.1007/ S002540000194
    • F. R. Siegel, J. H. Kravitz, J. J. Galasso, Arsenic and mercury contamination in 31 cores taken in 1965, St. Anna Trough, Kara Sea, Arctic Ocean. Environ. Geol. 2001, 40, 528. doi:10.1007/ S002540000194
    • (2001) Environ. Geol , vol.40 , pp. 528
    • Siegel, F.R.1    Kravitz, J.H.2    Galasso, J.J.3
  • 86
    • 42949138730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stockholm, 30 October-3 November, AMAP Report 2007:, Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme: Oslo, Available at, Verified 17 March 2008
    • AMAP, Report of the AMAP Workshop on Statistical Analysis of Temporal Trends of Mercury in Arctic Biota, Stockholm, 30 October-3 November 2006, AMAP Report 2007:3 2007 (Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme: Oslo). Available at www.amap.no [Verified 17 March 2008].
    • (2006) Report of the AMAP Workshop on Statistical Analysis of Temporal Trends of Mercury in Arctic Biota , vol.3
  • 87
    • 0036111876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A non-steady-state compartmental model of global-scale mercury biogeochemistry with interhemispheric gradients
    • doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00841-9
    • C. H. Lamborg, W. F. Fitzgerald, J. O'Donnell, T. Torgerson, A non-steady-state compartmental model of global-scale mercury biogeochemistry with interhemispheric gradients. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2002, 66, 1105. doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00841-9
    • (2002) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.66 , pp. 1105
    • Lamborg, C.H.1    Fitzgerald, W.F.2    O'Donnell, J.3    Torgerson, T.4
  • 88
    • 33847732190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marine biogeochemical cycling of mercury
    • doi:10.1021/CR050353M
    • W. F. Fitzgerald, C. H. Lamborg, C. R. Hammerschmidt, Marine biogeochemical cycling of mercury. Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 641. doi:10.1021/CR050353M
    • (2007) Chem. Rev , vol.107 , pp. 641
    • Fitzgerald, W.F.1    Lamborg, C.H.2    Hammerschmidt, C.R.3
  • 89
    • 34547212818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evidence of a linear relationship between inorganic mercury loading and methylmercury accumulation by aquatic biota
    • doi:10.1021/ES063061R
    • D. M. Orihel, M. J. Paterson, P. J. Blanchfield, R. A. Bodaly, H. Hintelmann, Experimental evidence of a linear relationship between inorganic mercury loading and methylmercury accumulation by aquatic biota. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41, 4952. doi:10.1021/ES063061R
    • (2007) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.41 , pp. 4952
    • Orihel, D.M.1    Paterson, M.J.2    Blanchfield, P.J.3    Bodaly, R.A.4    Hintelmann, H.5
  • 90
    • 22044444709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biogeographical provinces of Hg in the Beaufort and Chuchi Seas: Results from the SHEBA drift
    • doi:10.1021/ES0482278
    • G. A. Stern, R. W. Macdonald Biogeographical provinces of Hg in the Beaufort and Chuchi Seas: results from the SHEBA drift. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39, 4707. doi:10.1021/ES0482278
    • (2005) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.39 , pp. 4707
    • Stern, G.A.1    Macdonald, R.W.2
  • 91
    • 0030852690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R. Wagemann, E. Trebacz, R. Hunt, G. Boila, Percent methylmercury and organic mercury in tissues of marine mammals and fish using different experimental and calculation methods. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 1997, 16, 1859. doi:.10.1897/1551-5028(1997)016 〈1859:PMAOMI〉2.3.CO;2
    • R. Wagemann, E. Trebacz, R. Hunt, G. Boila, Percent methylmercury and organic mercury in tissues of marine mammals and fish using different experimental and calculation methods. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 1997, 16, 1859. doi:.10.1897/1551-5028(1997)016 〈1859:PMAOMI〉2.3.CO;2
  • 92
    • 31544465280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C. R. Hammerschmidt, W. F. Fitzgerald Methylmercury cycling in sediments on the continental shelf of southern New England. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2006, 70, 9.18. doi:.10.1016/J.GCA.2005.10.020
    • C. R. Hammerschmidt, W. F. Fitzgerald Methylmercury cycling in sediments on the continental shelf of southern New England. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2006, 70, 9.18. doi:.10.1016/J.GCA.2005.10.020
  • 93
    • 33144472859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biogeochemical cycling of methylmercury in lakes and tundra watersheds of Arctic Alaska
    • doi:10.1021/ES051322B
    • C. R. Hammerschmidt, W. F. Fitzgerald, C. H. Lamborg, P. H. Balcom, C.-M. Tseng, Biogeochemical cycling of methylmercury in lakes and tundra watersheds of Arctic Alaska. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 1204. doi:10.1021/ES051322B
    • (2006) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.40 , pp. 1204
    • Hammerschmidt, C.R.1    Fitzgerald, W.F.2    Lamborg, C.H.3    Balcom, P.H.4    Tseng, C.-M.5
  • 95
    • 34249330708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal trends of organochlorines and mercury in seabird eggs from the Canadian Arctic, 1975-2003
    • doi:10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2006.11.024
    • B. M. Braune, Temporal trends of organochlorines and mercury in seabird eggs from the Canadian Arctic, 1975-2003. Environ. Pollut. 2007, 148, 599. doi:10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2006.11.024
    • (2007) Environ. Pollut , vol.148 , pp. 599
    • Braune, B.M.1
  • 96
    • 53049086426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mercury in beluga and walrus from the Canadian Arctic: Status in 2006/2007
    • Eds S. Smith, J. Stow, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada: Ottawa, ON, Available at, Verified 16 March 2008
    • G. A. Stern, W. L. Lockhart, G. Boila, J. DeLaronde, B. Dunn, Mercury in beluga and walrus from the Canadian Arctic: Status in 2006/2007, in Synopsis of Research Conducted under the 2006-2007 Northern Contaminants Program (Eds S. Smith, J. Stow) 2007 (Indian and Northern Affairs Canada: Ottawa, ON). Available at www.inac.gc.ca/ncp [Verified 16 March 2008].
    • (2007) Synopsis of Research Conducted under the 2006-2007 Northern Contaminants Program
    • Stern, G.A.1    Lockhart, W.L.2    Boila, G.3    DeLaronde, J.4    Dunn, B.5
  • 97
  • 98
    • 0024258317 scopus 로고
    • Vertical mercury distributions in the oceans
    • doi:10.1016/0016-7037(88)90240-2
    • G. A. Gill, W. F. Fitzgerald Vertical mercury distributions in the oceans. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1988, 52, 1719. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(88)90240-2
    • (1988) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.52 , pp. 1719
    • Gill, G.A.1    Fitzgerald, W.F.2
  • 99
    • 33845756882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C. R. Hammerschmidt, W. F. Fitzgerald Methylmercury in fresh-water fish linked to atmospheric mercury deposition. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 7764. doi:10.1021/ES061480I
    • C. R. Hammerschmidt, W. F. Fitzgerald Methylmercury in fresh-water fish linked to atmospheric mercury deposition. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 7764. doi:10.1021/ES061480I
  • 100
    • 18344386681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylmercury in mosquitoes related to atmospheric mercury deposition and contamination
    • doi:10.1021/ES0485107
    • C. R. Hammerschmidt, W. F. Fitzgerald, Methylmercury in mosquitoes related to atmospheric mercury deposition and contamination. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39, 3034. doi:10.1021/ES0485107
    • (2005) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.39 , pp. 3034
    • Hammerschmidt, C.R.1    Fitzgerald, W.F.2
  • 101
    • 0025397975 scopus 로고
    • Mercury in fish in Swedish lakes - linkages to domestic and European sources of emission
    • L. Hakanson, T. Andersson, A. Nilsson, Mercury in fish in Swedish lakes - linkages to domestic and European sources of emission. Water Air Soil Pollut. 1990, 50, 171.
    • (1990) Water Air Soil Pollut , vol.50 , pp. 171
    • Hakanson, L.1    Andersson, T.2    Nilsson, A.3
  • 102
    • 0023084462 scopus 로고
    • Trace element loadings to sediments of fourteen Ontario lakes and correlations with concentrations in fish
    • M. G. Johnson, Trace element loadings to sediments of fourteen Ontario lakes and correlations with concentrations in fish. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1987, 44, 3.
    • (1987) Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci , vol.44 , pp. 3
    • Johnson, M.G.1
  • 103
    • 1442315395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary and secondary production in Arctic Seas
    • Eds R. Stein, R. W. Macdonald, Springer: Berlin
    • E. Sakshaug, Primary and secondary production in Arctic Seas, in The Organic Carbon Cycle in the Arctic Ocean (Eds R. Stein, R. W. Macdonald) 2003, pp. 57-81 (Springer: Berlin).
    • (2003) The Organic Carbon Cycle in the Arctic Ocean , pp. 57-81
    • Sakshaug, E.1
  • 104
    • 1442270087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypsometry and volume of the Arctic Ocean and its constituent seas
    • M. Jacobbson, Hypsometry and volume of the Arctic Ocean and its constituent seas. Geochem. Geophy. Geosy. 2004, 3, 1028.
    • (2004) Geochem. Geophy. Geosy , vol.3 , pp. 1028
    • Jacobbson, M.1
  • 105
    • 2542471497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snowmelt sources of mercury in High Arctic ecosystems
    • doi:10.1021/ES035146N
    • L. L. Loseto, D. R. S. Lean, S. D. Siciliano, Snowmelt sources of mercury in High Arctic ecosystems. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 35, 3004. doi:10.1021/ES035146N
    • (2004) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.35 , pp. 3004
    • Loseto, L.L.1    Lean, D.R.S.2    Siciliano, S.D.3
  • 107
    • 42949112503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AMAP/CAFF/IASC, Arctic Climate Impact Assessment 2005 (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK).
    • AMAP/CAFF/IASC, Arctic Climate Impact Assessment 2005 (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK).
  • 108
    • 42949176105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M. Steele, W. Ermold, J. Zhang, Arctic Ocean surface warming trends over the 20th Century, in Eos Trans. AGU, 2007, 88(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract U33B-01, San Francisco, CA 2007.
    • M. Steele, W. Ermold, J. Zhang, Arctic Ocean surface warming trends over the 20th Century, in Eos Trans. AGU, 2007, 88(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract U33B-01, San Francisco, CA 2007.
  • 109
    • 42949160513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • W. Maslowski, On the relative importance of freshwater fluxes and variability from the Arctic Ocean into the North Atlantic, in Eos Trans. AGU, 2007, 88(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract U33B-04, San Francisco, CA 2007.
    • W. Maslowski, On the relative importance of freshwater fluxes and variability from the Arctic Ocean into the North Atlantic, in Eos Trans. AGU, 2007, 88(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract U33B-04, San Francisco, CA 2007.
  • 111
    • 33751036734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 15N) composition of dissolved, colloidal, and particulate phases
    • GB20.11. doi:10.1029/2005GB002593
    • 15N) composition of dissolved, colloidal, and particulate phases. Global Biogeochem. Cy. 2006, 20, GB20.11. doi:10.1029/2005GB002593
    • (2006) Global Biogeochem. Cy , vol.20
    • Guo, L.1    Macdonald, R.W.2
  • 113
    • 0036232497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The thermal regime of soils in the north of western Siberia
    • doi:10.1002/PPP.409
    • A. V. Pavlov, N. G. Moskalenko, The thermal regime of soils in the north of western Siberia. Permafrost Periglac. 2002, 13, 43. doi:10.1002/PPP.409
    • (2002) Permafrost Periglac , vol.13 , pp. 43
    • Pavlov, A.V.1    Moskalenko, N.G.2
  • 114
    • 0035057091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three deep alpine-permafrost boreholes in Svalbard and Scandinavia
    • doi:10.1002/PPP.380
    • K. Isaksen, P. Holmlund J. L. Sollid, C. Harris, Three deep alpine-permafrost boreholes in Svalbard and Scandinavia. Permafrost Periglac. 2001, 12, 13. doi:10.1002/PPP.380
    • (2001) Permafrost Periglac , vol.12 , pp. 13
    • Isaksen, K.1    Holmlund, P.2    Sollid, J.L.3    Harris, C.4
  • 115
    • 0031420999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New measurements of phytoplankton and ice algal production in the Arctic Ocean
    • doi:10.1016/S0967-0645(97) 00054-4
    • M. Gosselin, M. Levasseur, P. A. Wheeler, R. A. Horner, B. C. Booth, New measurements of phytoplankton and ice algal production in the Arctic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res. II 1997, 44, 1623. doi:10.1016/S0967-0645(97) 00054-4
    • (1997) Deep-Sea Res. II , vol.44 , pp. 1623
    • Gosselin, M.1    Levasseur, M.2    Wheeler, P.A.3    Horner, R.A.4    Booth, B.C.5
  • 116
    • 0037007043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Algal blooms reduce uptake of toxic methylmercury in freshwater food webs
    • doi: 10.1073/PNAS. 072531099
    • P. C. Pickhardt, C. L. Folt, C. Y. Chen, B. Klaue, J. D. Blum, Algal blooms reduce uptake of toxic methylmercury in freshwater food webs. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2002, 99, 4419. doi: 10.1073/PNAS. 072531099
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.99 , pp. 4419
    • Pickhardt, P.C.1    Folt, C.L.2    Chen, C.Y.3    Klaue, B.4    Blum, J.D.5
  • 117
    • 11244339771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High plankton densities reduce mercury biomagnification
    • doi: 10.1021/ES0403007
    • C.Y. Chen, C. L. Folt, High plankton densities reduce mercury biomagnification. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39, 115. doi: 10.1021/ES0403007
    • (2005) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.39 , pp. 115
    • Chen, C.Y.1    Folt, C.L.2
  • 119
    • 0031796286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomagnification and bioaccumulation of mercury in an arctic marine food web: Insights from stable nitrogen analysis
    • doi: 10.1139/CJFAS-55-5-1114
    • L. Atwell, K. A. Hobson, H. E. Welch, Biomagnification and bioaccumulation of mercury in an arctic marine food web: insights from stable nitrogen analysis. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1998, 55, 1114. doi: 10.1139/CJFAS-55-5-1114
    • (1998) Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci , vol.55 , pp. 1114
    • Atwell, L.1    Hobson, K.A.2    Welch, H.E.3
  • 122
    • 33144475043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photodecomposition of methylmercury in an Arctic Alaskan lake
    • doi:10.1021/ES0513234
    • C. R. Hammerschmidt, W. F. Fitzgerald, Photodecomposition of methylmercury in an Arctic Alaskan lake. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 1212. doi:10.1021/ES0513234
    • (2006) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.40 , pp. 1212
    • Hammerschmidt, C.R.1    Fitzgerald, W.F.2
  • 124
    • 0005589478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clean hands, dirty hands: Clair Patterson and the aquatic biogeochemistry of mercury
    • Ed. C. I. Davidson, Nova Science: Commack, NY
    • W. F. Fitzgerald Clean hands, dirty hands: Clair Patterson and the aquatic biogeochemistry of mercury, in Clean Hands, Clair Patterson's Crusade against Environmental Lead Contamination (Ed. C. I. Davidson) 1999, pp. 119-137 (Nova Science: Commack, NY).
    • (1999) Clean Hands, Clair Patterson's Crusade against Environmental Lead Contamination , pp. 119-137
    • Fitzgerald, W.F.1
  • 126
    • 0026273007 scopus 로고
    • New precipitation and accumulation maps for Greenland
    • A. Ohmura, N. Reeh, New precipitation and accumulation maps for Greenland. J Glaciol. 1991, 37, 125.
    • (1991) J Glaciol , vol.37 , pp. 125
    • Ohmura, A.1    Reeh, N.2
  • 127
    • 0007676491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The transformations of Atlantic water in the Arctic Ocean and their significance for the freshwater budget
    • Eds E. L. Lewis, E. P. Jones, P. Lemke, T. D. Prowse, P. Wadhams, Kluwer Academic Publishers: Boston, MA
    • B. Rudels, H. J. Friedrich, The transformations of Atlantic water in the Arctic Ocean and their significance for the freshwater budget, in The Freshwater Budget of the Arctic Ocean (Eds E. L. Lewis, E. P. Jones, P. Lemke, T. D. Prowse, P. Wadhams) 2000, pp. 503-532 (Kluwer Academic Publishers: Boston, MA).
    • (2000) The Freshwater Budget of the Arctic Ocean , pp. 503-532
    • Rudels, B.1    Friedrich, H.J.2
  • 129
    • 42949100756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • G. A. Gill, K. W. Bruland Mercury in the North-east Pacific. Eos Trans. AGU 1987, 68, 1763.
    • G. A. Gill, K. W. Bruland Mercury in the North-east Pacific. Eos Trans. AGU 1987, 68, 1763.
  • 130
    • 24144440789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The erosion and suspended matter/seawater interaction during and after the 1996 outburst flood from the Vatnajokull Glacier, Iceland
    • doi:10.1016/J.EPSL.2005.07.002
    • M. B. Stefansdottir, S. R. Gislason, The erosion and suspended matter/seawater interaction during and after the 1996 outburst flood from the Vatnajokull Glacier, Iceland. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2005, 237, 433. doi:10.1016/J.EPSL.2005.07.002
    • (2005) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett , vol.237 , pp. 433
    • Stefansdottir, M.B.1    Gislason, S.R.2
  • 131
    • 0027099987 scopus 로고
    • Vertical mercury profile in relation to arsenic, cadmium and copper at the eastern North Atlantic ICES reference station
    • D. Cossa, P. Michel, J. Noel, D. Auger, Vertical mercury profile in relation to arsenic, cadmium and copper at the eastern North Atlantic ICES reference station. Oceanol. Acta 1992, 15, 603.
    • (1992) Oceanol. Acta , vol.15 , pp. 603
    • Cossa, D.1    Michel, P.2    Noel, J.3    Auger, D.4
  • 132
    • 0141993498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population substructure of North Atlantic minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) inferred from regional variation of elemental and stable isotope signatures in tissues
    • doi:10.1016/S0924-7963(03)00085-X
    • E. W. Born, P. Outridge, F. F. Riget, K. Hobson, R. Dietz, N. Øien, T. Haug, Population substructure of North Atlantic minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) inferred from regional variation of elemental and stable isotope signatures in tissues. J. Mar. Syst. 2003, 43, 1. doi:10.1016/S0924-7963(03)00085-X
    • (2003) J. Mar. Syst , vol.43 , pp. 1
    • Born, E.W.1    Outridge, P.2    Riget, F.F.3    Hobson, K.4    Dietz, R.5    Øien, N.6    Haug, T.7
  • 134
    • 0032891722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elements in liver tissues of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus)
    • doi: 10.1111/J.1748-7692.1999.TB00785.X
    • A. C. Krone, P. A. Robisch, K. L. Tilbury, J. E. Stein, Elements in liver tissues of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus). Mar. Mamm. Sci. 1999, 15, 123. doi: 10.1111/J.1748-7692.1999.TB00785.X
    • (1999) Mar. Mamm. Sci , vol.15 , pp. 123
    • Krone, A.C.1    Robisch, P.A.2    Tilbury, K.L.3    Stein, J.E.4
  • 137
    • 28444455953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mercury and other trace elements in a pelagic Arctic marine food web (Northwater Polynya, Baffin Bay)
    • doi:10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2005.02.043
    • L. M. Campbell, R. J. Norstrom, K. A. Hobson, D. C. G. Muir, S. Backus, A. T. Fisk, Mercury and other trace elements in a pelagic Arctic marine food web (Northwater Polynya, Baffin Bay). Sci. Total Environ. 2005, 351-352, 247. doi:10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2005.02.043
    • (2005) Sci. Total Environ , vol.351-352 , pp. 247
    • Campbell, L.M.1    Norstrom, R.J.2    Hobson, K.A.3    Muir, D.C.G.4    Backus, S.5    Fisk, A.T.6
  • 138
    • 27744530848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ringed and bearded seal densities in the eastern Chukchi Sea, 1999-2000
    • doi:10.1007/S00300-005-0009-1
    • J. L. Bengtson, L. M. Hiruki-Raring, M. A. Simpkinds, P. L. Boveng, Ringed and bearded seal densities in the eastern Chukchi Sea, 1999-2000. Polar Biol. 2005, 25, 833. doi:10.1007/S00300-005-0009-1
    • (2005) Polar Biol , vol.25 , pp. 833
    • Bengtson, J.L.1    Hiruki-Raring, L.M.2    Simpkinds, M.A.3    Boveng, P.L.4
  • 140
    • 0345374617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annual cycle in abundance, distribution, and size in relation to hydrography of important copepod species in the western Arctic Ocean
    • doi:10.1016/S0967-0637(03)00129-8
    • C. J. Ashjian, R. G. Campbell, H. E. Welch, M. Butler, D. Van Keuren, Annual cycle in abundance, distribution, and size in relation to hydrography of important copepod species in the western Arctic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res. II 2003, 50, 1235. doi:10.1016/S0967-0637(03)00129-8
    • (2003) Deep-Sea Res. II , vol.50 , pp. 1235
    • Ashjian, C.J.1    Campbell, R.G.2    Welch, H.E.3    Butler, M.4    Van Keuren, D.5
  • 141
    • 0031888332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Composition and distribution of zooklankton in the Laptev Sea and adjacent Nansen Basin during summer, 1993
    • doi:10.1007/S003000050216
    • K. N. Kosobokova, H. Hanssen, H.-J. Hirche, K. Knickmeier, Composition and distribution of zooklankton in the Laptev Sea and adjacent Nansen Basin during summer, 1993. Polar Biol. 1997, 19, 63. doi:10.1007/S003000050216
    • (1997) Polar Biol , vol.19 , pp. 63
    • Kosobokova, K.N.1    Hanssen, H.2    Hirche, H.-J.3    Knickmeier, K.4
  • 143
    • 0038677978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zooplankton biomass variation in relation to climate conditions in the Barents Sea
    • P. Dalpadado, R. Ingvldsen, A. Hassel, Zooplankton biomass variation in relation to climate conditions in the Barents Sea. Polar Biol. 2003, 26, 233.
    • (2003) Polar Biol , vol.26 , pp. 233
    • Dalpadado, P.1    Ingvldsen, R.2    Hassel, A.3
  • 144
    • 0028553081 scopus 로고
    • The north-east water polynya, the Greenland Sea III
    • doi:10.1007/BF00239054
    • H.-J. Hirche, W. Hagen, N. Mumm, C. Richter, The north-east water polynya, the Greenland Sea III. Polar Biol. 1994, 14, 491. doi:10.1007/BF00239054
    • (1994) Polar Biol , vol.14 , pp. 491
    • Hirche, H.-J.1    Hagen, W.2    Mumm, N.3    Richter, C.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.