Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in the acute care setting: Where are we?

European Respiratory Journal

Volumn 31, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 874-886

  Ambrosino, N ^a,b   Vagheggini, G ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF PISA   (Italy)

^b Weaning and Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit   (Italy)

Author keywords

Acute respiratory failure; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Endotracheal intubation; Mechanical ventilation; Noninvasive ventilation

Indexed keywords

ACUTE LUNG INJURY; ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE; ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; ASTHMA; BRONCHOSCOPY; CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE; DISEASE EXACERBATION; ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION; EXTUBATION; HUMAN; LUNG EDEMA; NON INVASIVE PROCEDURE; PATIENT MONITORING; PNEUMONIA; POSITIVE END EXPIRATORY PRESSURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; ACUTE DISEASE; INTENSIVE CARE; METHODOLOGY; RESPIRATORY FAILURE;

ACUTE DISEASE; HUMANS; INTENSIVE CARE; POSITIVE-PRESSURE RESPIRATION; RESPIRATION, ARTIFICIAL; RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY;

EID: 42949119771     PISSN: 09031936     EISSN: 13993003     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00143507     Document Type: Review

References (153)

1. Laghi F, Tobin MJ. Indications for mechanical ventilation. In: Tobin MJ, ed. Principles and Practice of Mechanical Ventilation. 2nd Edn. New York, McGraw-Hill, 2006; pp. 129-162.
2. Epstein SK. Complications associated with mechanical ventilation. In: Tobin MJ, ed. Principles and Practice of Mechanical Ventilation. 2nd Edn. New York, McGraw-Hill, 2006; pp. 877-902.
3. Hill NS. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. In: Tobin MJ, ed. Principles and Practice of Mechanical Ventilation. 2nd Edn. New York, McGraw-Hill, 2006; pp. 433-471.
4. Girou E, Schortgen F, Delclaux C, et al. Association of noninvasive ventilation with nosocomial infections and survival in critically ill patients. JAMA 2000; 284: 2361-2367.
5. Hess DR. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation and ventilator-associated pneumonia. Respir Care 2005; 50: 924-929.
6. Nava S, Evangelisti I, Rampulla C, Compagnoni ML, Fracchia C, Rubini F. Human and financial costs of noninvasive mechanical ventilation in patients affected by COPD and acute respiratory failure. Chest 1997; 111: 1631-1638.
7. Mehta S, Hill NS. Noninvasive ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163: 540-577.
8. International Consensus Conference in Intensive Care Medicine: noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in acute respiratory failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163: 283-291.
9. Garpestad E, Brennan J, Hill NS. Noninvasive ventilation for critical care. Chest 2007; 132: 711-720.
10. Esteban A, Ferguson ND, Meade MO, et al. Evolution of mechanical ventilation in response to clinical research. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 177: 170-177.
11. Hill NS, Brennan J, Garpestad E, Nava S. Noninvasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure. Crit Care Med 2007; 35: 2402-2407.
12. Bott J, Carroll MP, Conway JH, et al. Randomized controlled trial of nasal ventilation in acute ventilatory failure due to chronic obstructive airways disease. Lancet 1993; 341: 1555-1557.
13. Barbe F, Togores B, Rubi M, Pons S, Maimo A, Agusti AG. Noninvasive ventilatory support does not facilitate recovery from acute respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J 1996; 9: 1240-1245.
14. Celikel T, Sungur M, Ceyhan B, Karakurt S. Comparison of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in acute respiratory failure. Chest 1998; 114: 1636-1642.
15. Conti G, Antonelli M, Navalesi P, et al. Noninvasive versus conventional mechanical ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after failure of medical treatment in the ward: a randomized trial. Intensive Care Med 2002; 28: 1701-1707.
16. Kramer N, Meyer TJ, Meharg J, Cece RD, Hill NS. Randomized, prospective trial of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in acute respiratory failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151: 1799-1806.
17. Brochard L, Mancebo J, Wysocki M, et al. Noninvasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 817-822.
18. Plant PK, Owen JL, Elliott MW. Early use of non-invasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on general respiratory wards: a multicentre randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2000; 355: 1931-1935.
19. Squadrone E, Frigerio P, Fogliati C, et al. Noninvasive versus invasive ventilation in COPD patients with severe acute respiratory failure deemed to require ventilatory assistance. Intensive Care Med 2004; 30: 1303-1310.
20. Ram FS, Picot J, Lightowler J, Wedzicha JA. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for treatment of respiratory failure due to exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004; 3: CD004104.
21. Keenan SP, Sinuff T, Cook DJ, Hill NS. Which patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease benefit from noninvasive positive pressure ventilation? A systematic review of the literature. Ann Intern Med 2003; 138: 861-870.
22. Lightowler JV, Wedzicha JA, Elliott MW, Ram FS. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation to treat respiratory failure resulting from exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2003; 326: 185-189.
23. Nava S, Navalesi P, Conti G. Time of non-invasive ventilation. Intensive Care Med 2006; 32: 361-370.
24. Elliott MW. Non-invasive ventilation in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a new gold standard? Intensive Care Med 2002; 28: 1691-1694.
25. Keenan SP, Powers CE, McCormack DG. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation in patients with milder chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations: a randomized controlled trial. Respir Care 2005; 50: 610-616.
26. Díaz GG, Alcaraz AC, Talavera JC. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation to treat hypercapnic coma secondary to respiratory failure. Chest 2005; 127: 952-960.
27. Scala R, Naldi M, Archinucci I, Coniglio G, Nava S. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD and varying levels of consciousness. Chest 2005; 128: 1657-1666.
28. Scala R, Nava S, Conti G, et al. Noninvasive versus conventional ventilation to treat hypercapnic encephalopathy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Intensive Care Med 2007; 33: 2101-2108.
29. Meduri GU, Cook TR, Turner RE, Cohen M, Leeper KV. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in status asthmaticus. Chest 1996; 110: 767-774.
30. Fernandez MM, Villagra A, Blanch L, Fernandez R. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation in status asthmaticus. Intensive Care Med 2001; 27: 486-492.
31. Holley MT, Morrissey TK, Seaberg DC, Afessa B, Wears RL. Ethical dilemmas in a randomized trial of asthma treatment: can Bayesian statistical analysis explain the results? Acad Emerg Med 2001; 8: 1128-1135.
32. Soroksky A, Stav D, Shpirer I. A pilot, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of bilevel positive airway presure in acute asthmatic attack. Chest 2003; 123: 1018-1025.
33. Ram FS, Wellington S, Rowe BH, Wedzicha JA. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for treatment of respiratory failure due to severe acute exacerbations of asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005; 1: CD004360.
34. British Thoracic Society Standards of Care Committee. Non-invasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure. Thorax 2002; 57: 192-211.
35. Demoule A, Girou E, Richard JC, Taille S, Brochard L. Benefits and risks of success or failure of noninvasive ventilation. Intensive Care Med 2006; 32: 1756-1765.
36. Meduri GU, Turner RE, Abou-Shala N, Wunderink R, Tolley E. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation via face mask. First-line intervention in patients with acute hypercapnic and hypoxemic respiratory failure. Chest 1996; 109: 179-193.
37. Masip J, Betbesé AJ, Páez J, et al. Non-invasive pressure support ventilation versus conventional oxygen therapy in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: a randomised trial. Lancet 2000; 356: 26-32.
38. Mehta S, Jay GD, Woolard RH, et al. Randomized prospective trial of bilevel versus continuous positive airway pressure in acute pulmonary edema. Crit Care Med 1997; 25: 620-628.
39. Nava S, Carbone G, Di Battista N, et al. Noninvasive ventilation in cardiogenic pulmonary edema. A multicenter, randomized trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 168: 1-6.
40. Bersten AD, Holt AW, Vedig AE, Skowronski GA, Baggoley CJ. Treatment of severe cardiogenic pulmonary edema with continuous positive airway pressure delivered by face mask. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 1825-1830.
41. Lin M, Yang YF, Chiang HT, Chang MS, Chiang BN, Cheitlin MD. Reappraisal of continuous positive airway pressure therapy in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema: short-term results and long-term follow-up. Chest 1995; 107: 1379-1386.
42. Pang D, Keenan SP, Cook DJ, Sibbald WJ. The effect of positive airway pressure on mortality and the need for intubation in cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Chest 1998; 114: 1185-1192.
43. Park M, Sangean MC, Volpe Mde S, et al. Randomized, prospective trial of oxygen, continuous positive airway pressure, and bilevel positive airway pressure by face mask in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Crit Care Med 2004; 32: 2407-2415.
44. Crane SD, Elliott MW, Gilligan P, Richards K, Gray AJ. Randomised controlled comparison of continuous positive airways pressure, bilevel non-invasive ventilation, and standard treatment in emergency department patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. Emerg Med J 2004; 21: 155-161.
45. Bellone A, Monari A, Cortellaro F, Vettorello M, Arlati S, Coen D. Myocardial infarction rate in acute pulmonary edema: noninvasive pressure support ventilation versus continuous positive airway pressure. Crit Care Med 2004; 32: 1860-1865.
46. Bellone A, Vettorello M, Monari A, Cortellaro F, Coen D. Noninvasive pressure support ventilation versus continuous positive airway pressure in acute hypercapnic pulmonary edema. Intensive Care Med 2005; 31: 807-811.
47. Giacomini M, Iapichino G, Cigada M, et al. Short-term noninvasive pressure support ventilation prevents ICU admittance in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Chest 2003; 123: 2057-2061.
48. Masip J, Roque M, Sanchez B, Fernandez R, Subirana M, Exposito JA. Noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2005; 294: 3124-3130.
49. Ho KM, Wong K. A comparison of continuous and bilevel positive airway pressure non-invasive ventilation inpatients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: a meta-analysis. Crit Care 2006; 10: R49.
50. Collins SP, Mielniczuk LM, Whittingham HA, Boseley ME, Schramm DR, Storrow AB. The use of noninvasive ventilation in emergency department patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema: a systematic review. Ann Emerg Med 2006; 48: 260-269.
51. Winck JC, Azevedo LF, Costa-Pereira A, Antonelli M, Wyatt JC. Efficacy and safety of non-invasive ventilation in the treatment of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema: a systematic review andmeta-analysis. Crit Care 2006; 10: R69.
52. Peter JV, Moran JL, Phillips-Hughes J, Graham P, Bersten AD. Effect of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) on mortality in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: a meta-analysis. Lancet 2006; 367: 1155-1163.
53. Ferrari G, Olliveri F, De Filippi G, et al. Non-invasive positive airway pressare and risk of myocardial infarction in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema: continuous positive airway pressure versus non-invasive positive pressure ventilation. Chest 2007; 132: 1804-1809.
54. Boehmer JP, Popjes E. Cardiac failure: mechanical support strategies. Crit Care Med 2006; 34: Suppl. 9, S268-S277.
55. Antonelli M, Conti G, Moro ML, et al. Predictors of failure of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a multi-center study. Intensive Care Med 2001; 27: 1718-1728.
56. Puha J, Kong K, Lee KH, Shen L, Lim TK. Noninvasive ventilation in hypercapnic acute respiratory failure due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease versus other conditions: effectiveness and predictors of failure. Intensive Care Med 2005; 31: 533-539.
57. Jolliet P, Abajo B, Pasquina P, Chevrolet JC. Non-invasive pressure support ventilation in severe communityacquired pneumonia. Intensive Care Med 2001; 27: 812-821.
58. Confalonieri M, Potena A, Carbone G, Porta RD, Tolley EA, Meduri GU. Acute respiratory failure in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective randomized evaluation of noninvasive ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160: 1585-1591.
59. Ferrer M, Esquinas A, Leon M, Gonzalez G, Alarcon A, Torres A. Noninvasive ventilation in severe hypoxemic respiratory failure: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 168: 1438-1444.
60. Honrubia T, García López FJ, Franco N, et al. Noninvasive versus conventional mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory failure. A multicenter, randomized controlled trial. Chest 2005; 128: 3916-3924.
61. Fowler RA, Guest CB, Lapinsky SE, et al. Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome during intubation and mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 169: 1198-1202.
62. Cheung TMT, Lau CWA, Poon E, Kong BMH, Yung RWH. Effectiveness of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in the treatment of acute respiratory failure in severe acute respiratory syndrome. Chest 2004; 126: 845-850.
63. Han F, Jiang YY, Zheng JH, Gao ZC, He QY. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation treatment for acute respiratory failure in SARS. Sleep Breath 2004; 8: 97-106.
64. Rana S, Jenad H, Gay PC, Buck CF, Hubmayr RD, Gajic O. Failure of non-invasive ventilation in patients with acute lung injury: observational cohort study. Crit Care 2006; 10: R79.
65. L'Her E, Deye N, Lellouche F, et al. Physiologic effects of noninvasive ventilation during acute lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 172: 1112-1118.
66. Agarwal R, Reddy C, Aggarwal AN, Gupta D. Is there a role for noninvasive ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome? A meta-analysis. Respir Med 2006; 100: 2235-2238.
67. Antonelli M, Conti G, Esquinas A, et al. A multiple-center survey on the use in clinical practice of noninvasive ventilation as a first-line intervention for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med 2007; 35: 18-25.
68. Rocker GM, Mackenzie MG, Williams B, Logan PM. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation: successful outcome in patients with acute lung injury/ARDS. Chest 1999; 115: 173-177.
69. Jaber S, Delay JM, Chanques G, et al. Outcomes of patients with acute respiratory failure after abdominal surgery treated with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. Chest 2005; 128: 2688-2695.
70. Squadrone V, Coha M, Cerutti E, et al. Continuous positive airway pressure for treatment of postoperative hypoxemia. JAMA 2005; 293: 589-595.
71. Kindgen-Milles D, Muller E, Buhl R, et al. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure reduces pulmonary morbidity and length of stay following thoracoabdominal aortic surgery. Chest 2005; 128: 821-828.
72. Auriant I, Jallot A, Hervé P, et al. Noninvasive ventilation reducesmortality in acute respiratory failure following lung resection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164: 1231-1235.
73. Lumbierres M, Prats E, Farrero E, et al. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation prevents postoperative pulmonary complications in chronic ventilators users. Respir Med 2007; 101: 62-68.
74. Antonelli M, Conti G, Bufi M, et al. Noninvasive ventilation for treatment of acute respiratory failure in patients undergoing solid organ transplantation: a randomized trial. JAMA 2000; 283: 235-241.
75. Depuydt PO, Benoit DD, Vandewoude KH, Decruyenaere JM, Colardyn FA. Outcome in noninvasively and invasively ventilated hematologic patients with acute respiratory failure. Chest 2004; 126: 1299-1306.
76. Hilbert G, Gruson D, Vargas F, et al. Noninvasive ventilation in immunosuppressed patients with pulmonary infiltrates, fever, and acute respiratory failure. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 481-487.
77. Confalonieri M, Calderini E, Terraciano S, et al. Noninvasive ventilation for treating acute respiratory failure in AIDS patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Intensive Care Med 2002; 28: 1233-1238.
78. Nourdine K, Combes P, Carton MJ, Beuret P, Cannamela A, Ducreux JC. Does noninvasive ventilation reduce the ICU nosocomial infection risk? A prospective clinical survey. Intensive Care Med 1999; 25: 567-573.
79. Nava S, Ambrosino N, Clini E, et al. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation in the weaning of patients with respiratory failure due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Intern Med 1998; 128: 721-728.
80. Girault C, Daudenthun I, Chevron V, Tamion F, Leroy J, Bonmarchand G. Noninvasive ventilation as a systematic extubation and weaning technique in acute-on-chronic respiratory failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160: 86-92.
81. Ferrer M, Esquinas A, Arancibia F, et al. Noninvasive ventilation during persistent weaning failure. A randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 168: 70-76.
82. Burns KE, Adhikari NK, Meade MO. A meta-analysis of noninvasive weaning to facilitate liberation from mechanical ventilation. Can J Anaesth 2006; 53: 305-315.
83. Vitacca M, Ambrosino N, Clini E, et al. Physiological response to pressure support ventilation delivered before and after extubation in COPD patients not capable of totally spontaneous autonomous breathing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164: 638-641.
84. Hilbert G, Gruson D, Portel L, Gbikpi-Benissan G, Cardinaud JP. Noninvasive pressure support ventilation in COPD patients with post-extubation hypercapnic respiratory insufficiency. Eur Respir J 1998; 11: 1349-1353.
85. Keenan SP, Powers C, McCormack DG, Block G. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation for post-extubation respiratory distress: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002; 287: 3238-3244.
86. Esteban A, Frutos-Vivar F, Ferguson ND, et al. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation for respiratory failure after extubation. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 2452-2460.
87. Nava S, Gregoretti C, Fanfulla F, et al. Noninvasive ventilation to prevent respiratory failure after extubation in high-risk patients. Crit Care Med 2005; 33: 2465-2470.
88. Ferrer M, Valencia M, Nicolas JM, Bernadich O, Badia JR, Torres A. Early noninvasive ventilation averts extubation failure in patients at risk. A randomized trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 173: 164-170.
89. El Solh AA, Aquilina A, Pineda L, Dhanvantri V, Grant B, Bouquin P. Noninvasive ventilation for prevention of post-extubation respiratory failure in obese patients. Eur Respir J 2006; 28: 588-595.
90. Hess DR, Fessler HE. Should noninvasive positive pressure ventilation be used in all forms of acute respiratory failure? Respir Care 2007; 52: 568-578.
91. Clarke DE, Vaughan L, Raffin TA. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for patients with terminal respiratory failure: the ethical and economic costs of delaying the inevitable are too great. Am J Crit Care 1994; 1: 4-5.
92. Azoulay E, Alberti C, Bornstain C, et al. Improved survival in cancer patients requiring mechanical ventilatory support: impact of noninvasive mechanical ventilatory support. Crit Care Med 2001; 29: 519-525.
93. Levy M, Tanios MA, Nelson D, et al. Outcomes of patients with do-not-intubate orders treated with noninvasive ventilation. Crit Care Med 2004; 32: 2002-2007.
94. Schettino G, Altobelli N, Kacmarek RM. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation reverses acute respiratory failure in selected "do-not- intubate" patients. Crit Care Med 2005; 33: 1976-1982.
95. Ambrosino N, Simonds A. The clinical management in extremely severe COPD. Respir Med 2007; 101: 1613-1624.
96. Nava S, Sturani C, Hartl S, et al. End-of-life decision-making in respiratory intermediate care units: a European survey. Eur Respir J 2007; 30: 1442-1450.
97. Chu C-M, Chan VL, Wong IWY, Leung W, Lin AWN, Cheung K-F. Noninvasive ventilation in patients with acute hypercapnic exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who refused endotracheal intubation. Crit Care Med 2004; 32: 372-377.
98. Cuomo A, Delmastro M, Ceriana P, et al. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation as a palliative treatment of acute respiratory failure in patients with end-stage solid cancer. Pall Med 2004; 18: 602-610.
99. Curtis JR, Cook DJ, Sinuff T, et al. Society of critical care medicine palliative noninvasive positive ventilation task force. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in critical and palliative care settings: understanding the goals of therapy. Crit Care Med 2007; 35: 932-939.
100. Fernandez R, Baigorri F, Artigas A. Noninvasive ventilation in patients with "do-not-intubate" orders: medium-term efficacy depends critically on patient selection. Intensive Care Med 2007; 33: 350-354.
101. Antonelli M, Conti G, Riccioni L, Meduri GU. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation via face mask during bronchoscopy with BAL in high-risk hypoxemic patients. Chest 1996; 110: 724-728.
102. Maitre B, Jaber S, Maggiore SM, et al. Continuous positive airway pressure during fiberoptic bronchoscopy in hypoxemic patients. A randomized double-blind study using a new device. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 162: 1063-1067.
103. Antonelli M, Conti G, Rocco M, et al. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation versus conventional oxygen supplementation in hypoxemic patients undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy. Chest 2002; 121: 1149-1154.
104. Da Conceicao M, Genco G, Favier JC, Bidallier I, Pitti R. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy during non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease with hypoxemia and hypercapnea. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 2000; 19: 231-236.
105. Trachsel D, Erb TO, Frei FJ, Hammer J, on behalf of the Swiss Paediatric Respiratory Research Group. Use of continuous positive airway pressure during flexible bronchoscopy in young children. Eur Respir J 2005; 26: 773-777.
106. Elliott MW. Non-invasive ventilation for acute respiratory disease. Brit Med Bull 2004; 72: 83-97.
107. Kelly BJ, Matthay MA. Prevalence and severity of neurologic dysfunction in critically ill patients. Influence on need for continued mechanical ventilation. Chest 1993; 104: 1818-1824.
108. Ambrosino N, Foglio K, Rubini F, Clini E, Nava S, Vitacca M. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory failure due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: correlates for success. Thorax 1995; 50: 755-757.
109. Confalonieri M, Garuti G, Cattaruzza MS, et al. A chart of failure risk for noninvasive ventilation in patients with COPD exacerbation. Eur Respir J 2005; 25: 348-355.
110. Nava S, Ceriana P. Causes of failure of non-invasive mechanical ventilation. Respir Care 2004; 49: 295-303.
111. Ferrer M, Ioanas M, Arancibia F, Marco MA, de la Bellacasa JP, Torres A. Microbial airway colonization is associated with noninvasive ventilation failure in exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Crit Care Med 2005; 33: 2003-2009.
112. Moretti M, Cilione C, Tampieri A, Fracchia C, Marchioni A, Nava S. Incidence and causes of non-invasive mechanical ventilation failure after initial success. Thorax 2000; 55: 819-825.
113. Carlucci A, Delmastro M, Rubini F, Fracchia C, Nava S. Changes in the practice of non-invasive ventilation in treating COPD patients over 8 years. Intensive Care Med 2003; 29: 519-525.
114. Girou E, Brun-Buisson C, Taillé S, Lemaire F, Brochard L. Secular trends in nosocomial infections and mortality associated with noninvasive ventilation in patients with exacerbation of COPD and pulmonary edema. JAMA 2003; 290: 2985-2991.
115. Chevrolet JC, Jolliet P, Abajo B, Toussi A, Louis M. Nasal positive pressure ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure. Difficult and time-consuming procedure for nurses. Chest 1991; 100: 775-782.
116. Ambrosino N, Corrado A. Obstructive pulmonary disease with acute respiratory failure. In: Muir J-F, Simonds AK, Ambrosino N, eds. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation. Eur Respir Mon 2001; 16: 11-32.
117. Corrado A, Roussos C, Ambrosino N, et al. Respiratory intermediate care units: a European survey. European Respiratory Society Task Force on epidemiology of respiratory intermediate care in Europe. Eur Resp J 2002; 20: 1343-1350.
118. Maheshwari V, Paioli D, Rothaar R, Hill NS. Utilization of noninvasive ventilation in acute care hospitals: a regional survey. Chest 2006; 129: 1226-1233.
119. Burns KEA, Sinuff T, Adhikari NKJ, et al. Bilevel noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for acute respiratory failure: Survey of Ontario practice. Crit Care Med 2005; 33: 1477-1483.
120. Crummy F, Buchan C, Miller B, Toghill J, Naughton MT. The use of noninvasive mechanical ventilation in COPD with severe hypercapnic acidosis. Respir Med 2007; 101: 53-61.
121. Kwok H, McCormack J, Cece R, Houtchens J, Hill NS. Controlled trial of oronasal versus nasal mask ventilation in the treatment of acute respiratory failure. Crit Care Med 2003; 31: 468-473.
122. Costa R, Navalesi P, Antonelli M, et al. Physiologic evaluation of different levels of assistance during noninvasive ventilation delivered through a helmet. Chest 2005; 128: 2984-2990.
123. Racca F, Appendini L, Gregoretti C, et al. Effectiveness of mask and helmet interfaces to deliver noninvasive ventilation in a human model of resistive breathing. J Appl Physiol 2005; 99: 1262-1271.
124. Moerer O, Fischer S, Hartelt M, Kuvaki B, Quintel M, Neumann P. Influence of two different interfaces for noninvasive ventilation compared to invasive ventilation on the mechanical properties and performance of a respiratory system. Chest 2006; 129: 1424-1431.
125. Navalesi P, Costa R, Ceriana P, et al. Non-invasive ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: helmet versus facial mask. Intensive Care Med 2007; 33: 74-81.
126. Patroniti N, Saini M, Zanella A, Isgrò S, Pesenti A. Danger of helmet continuous positive airway pressure during failure of fresh gas source supply. Intensive Care Med 2007; 33: 153-157.
127. Hui DS, Hall SD, Chan MTV. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation. An experimental model to assess air and particle dispersion. Chest 2006; 130: 730-740.
128. Lellouche F, Maggiore SM, Deye N, et al. Effect of the humidification device on the work of breathing during noninvasive ventilation. Intensive Care Med 2002; 28: 1582-1589.
129. Vitacca M, Rubini F, Foglio K, Scalvini S, Nava S, Ambrosino N. Non-invasive modalities of positive pressure ventilation improve the outcome of acute exacerbations in COLD patients. Intensive Care Med 1993; 19: 450-455.
130. Vitacca M, Clini E, Pagani M, Bianchi L, Rossi A, Ambrosino N. Physiologic effects of early administered mask PAV (proportional assist ventilation) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute respiratory failure. Crit Care Med 2000; 28: 1791-1796.
131. Gay PC, Hess DR, Hill NS. Noninvasive proportional assist ventilation for acute respiratory insufficiency. A comparison with pressure support ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164: 1606-1611.
132. Ambrosino N, Rossi A. Proportional assist ventilation (PAV): a significant advance or a futile struggle between logic and practice? Thorax 2002; 57: 272-276.
133. Vitacca M, Nava S, Confalonieri M, et al. The appropriate setting of noninvasive pressure support ventilation in stable COPD patients. Chest 2000; 118: 1286-1293.
134. Prinianakis G, Delmastro M, Carlucci A, Ceriana P, Nava S. Effect of varying the pressurisation rate during noninvasive pressure support ventilation. Eur Respir J 2004; 23: 314-320.
135. Richard JC, Carlucci A, Breton L, et al. Bench testing of pressure support ventilation with three different generations of ventilators. Intensive Care Med 2002; 28: 1049-1057.
136. Tassaux D, Strasser S, Fonseca S, Dalmas E, Jolliet P. Comparative bench study of triggering, pressurisation, and cycling between the home ventilator VPAP II and three ICU ventilators. Intensive Care Med 2002; 28: 1254-1261.
137. Miyoshi E, Fujino Y, Uchiyama A, Mashimo T, Nishimura M. Effects of gas leak on triggering function, humidification, and inspiratory oxygen fraction during noninvasive positive airway pressure ventilation. Chest 2005; 128: 3691-3698.
138. Mulqueeny Q, Ceriana P, Carlucci A, Fanfulla F, Delmastro M, Nava S. Automatic detection of ineffective triggering and double triggering during mechanical ventilation. Intensive Care Med 2007; 33: 2014-2018.
139. Fanfulla F, Taurino AE, Lupo ND, Trentin R, D'Ambrosio C, Nava S. Effect of sleep on patient/ventilator asynchrony in patients undergoing chronic non-invasive mechanical ventilation. Respir Med 2007; 101: 1702-1707.
140. Vignaux L, Tassaux D, Jolliet P. Performance of noninvasive ventilation modes on ICU ventilators during pressure support: a bench model study. Intensive Care Med 2007; 33: 1444-1451.
141. Tuggey JM, Delmastro M, Elliott MW. The effect of mouth leak and humidification during nasal non-invasive ventilation. Respir Med 2007; 101: 1874-1879.
142. Jaber S, Chanques G, Matecki S, et al. Comparison of the effects of heat and moisture exchangers and heated humidifiers on ventilation and gas exchange during noninvasive ventilation. Intensive Care Med 2002; 28: 1590-1594.
143. Plant PK, Owen JL, Elliott MW. Non-invasive ventilation in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: long term survival and predictors of in-hospital outcome. Thorax 2001; 56: 708-712.
144. Keenan SP, Gregor J, Sibbald WJ, Cook D, Gafni A. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in the setting of severe, acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: more effective and less expensive. Crit Care Med 2000; 28: 2094-2102.
145. Plant PK, Owen JL, Parrott S, Elliott MW. Cost effectiveness of ward based non-invasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: economic analysis of randomized controlled trial. BMJ 2003; 326: 956-961.
146. Bertolini G, Confalonieri M, Rossi C, et al. Costs of COPD. Differences between intensive care unit and respiratory intermediate intensive care unit. Respir Med 2005; 99: 894-900.
147. Jaber S, Fodil R, Carlucci A, et al. Noninvasive ventilation with helium-oxygen in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161: 1191-1200.
148. Jolliet P, Tassaux D, Roeseler J, et al. Helium-oxygen versus air-oxygen noninvasive pressure support in decompensated chronic obstructive diseases: A prospective multicenter study. Crit Care Med 2003; 31: 878-884.
149. Gainnier M, Forel JM. Clinical review: use of helium-oxygen in critically ill patients. Crit Care 2006; 10: 241.
150. Tassaux D, Gainnier M, Battisti A, Jolliet P. Helium-oxygen decreases inspiratory effort and work of breathing during pressure support in intubated patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Intensive Care Med 2005; 31: 1501-1507.
151. Hess DR. Heliox and noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation: a role for heliox in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Respir Care 2006; 51: 640-650.
152. Devlin JW, Nava S, Fong JJ, Imad B, Hill NS. Survey of sedation practices during noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation to treat acute respiratory failure. Crit Care Med 2007; 35: 2298-2302.
153. Constantin JM, Schneider E, Cayot-Constantin S, et al. Remifentanil-based sedation to treat noninvasive ventilation failure: a preliminary study. Intensive Care Med 2007; 33: 82-87.