Impact of different tongue cleaning methods on the bacterial load of the tongue dorsum

Archives of Oral Biology

Volumn 53, Issue SUPPL. 1, 2008, Pages

  Bordas, Alice ^a   McNab, Rod ^a   Staples, Angela M ^b   Bowman, Jim ^b   Kanapka, Joe ^b   Bosma, MaryLynn P ^a  

^a GLAXOSMITHKLINE   (United Kingdom)

^b Hill Top Research   (United States)

Author keywords

Bacterial load; Malodour; Oral rinsing; Tongue cleaning; Tongue dorsum

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL COUNT; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSSOVER PROCEDURE; DENTAL DEVICE; FEMALE; HALITOSIS; HUMAN; MALE; METHODOLOGY; MICROBIOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SINGLE BLIND PROCEDURE; TIME; TONGUE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; COLONY COUNT, MICROBIAL; CROSS-OVER STUDIES; DENTAL DEVICES, HOME CARE; FEMALE; HALITOSIS; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SINGLE-BLIND METHOD; TIME FACTORS; TONGUE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); NEGIBACTERIA; STREPTOCOCCUS;

EID: 42949104682     PISSN: 00039969     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0003-9969(08)70004-9     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. Loesche W., and Kazor C. Microbiology and treatment of halitosis. Periodontol 2000 28 (2002) 256-279
2. Paster B., Olsen I., Aas J., and Dewhirst F. The breadth of bacterial diversity in the human periodontal pocket and other oral sites. Periodontol 2000 42 (2006) 80-87
3. Aas J., Paster B., Stokes L., Olsen I., and Dewhirst F. Defining the normal bacterial flora of the oral cavity. J Clin Microbiol 43 (2005) 5721-5732
4. Mager D., Ximinez-Fyvie L., Haffajee A., and Socransky S. Distribution of selected bacterial species on intraoral surfaces. J Clin Periodontol 30 (2003) 644-654
5. Faveri M., Feres M., Shibli J., Hayacibara R., Hayacibara M., and de Figueiredo L. Microbiota on the dorsum of the tongue after plaque accumulation: an experimental study in humans. J Periodontol 77 (2006) 1539-1546
6. Donaldson A., McKenzie D., Riggio M., Hodge P., Rolph H., Flanagan A., and Bagg J. Microbiological culture analysis of the tongue anaerobic microflora in subjects with and without halitosis. Oral Dis 11 Suppl 1 (2005) 61-63
7. Kazor C., Mitchell P., Lee A., Stokes L., Loesche W., Dewhirst F., and Paster B. Diversity of bacterial populations on the tongue dorsa of patients with halitosis and healthy patients. J Clin Microbiol 41 (2003) 558-563
8. Hartley M., El-Maaytah M., McKenzie C., and Greenman J. The tongue microbiota of low odour and malodorous individuals. Microbial Ecol Health Dis 9 (1996) 215-223
9. Quirynen M., Zhao H., and van Steenberghe D. Review of the treatment strategies for oral malodour. Clin Oral Invest 6 (2002) 1-10
10. Roldán S., Herrera D., O'Connor A., González I., and Sanz M. A combined therapeutic approach to manage oral halitosis: a 3-month prospective case series. J Periodontol 76 (2005) 1025-1033
11. Hartley G., McKenzie C., Greenman J., El-Maaytah M., Scully C., and Porter S. Tongue microbiota and malodour: effects of metronidazole mouthrinse on tongue microbiota and breath odour. Microb Ecol Health Dis 11 (1999) 226-232
12. Menon M., and Coykendall A. Effect of tongue scraping. J Dent Res 73 (1995) 1492
13. Quirynen M., Avontroodt P., Soers C., Zhao H., Pauwels M., and van Steenberghe D. Impact of tongue cleansers on microbial load and taste. J Clin Periodontol 31 (2004) 506-510
14. Winkel E., Roldán S., Van Winkelhoff A., Herrera D., and Sanz M. Clinical effects of a new mouthrinse containing chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride and zinc-lactate on oral halitosis. A dual-center, double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Clin Periodontol 30 (2003) 300-306
15. Turng B., Minah G., and Falkler W. Development of an agar medium for detection of oral H2S producing organisms. J Dent Res 76 (1997) 226
16. Roldán S., Herrera D., and Sanz M. Biofilms and the tongue: therapeutical approaches for the control of halitosis. Clin Oral Invest 7 (2003) 189-197
17. Outhouse T., Al-Alawi R., Fedorowicz Z., and Keenan J. Tongue scraping for treating halitosis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2 (2006) CD005519
18. Allaker R., Waite R., Hickling J., McNab R., Bosma M., and Hughes F. Topographic distribution of bacteria associated with oral malodour on the tongue. Arch Oral Biol (2007) this issue.
19. Quirynen M., Mongardini C., and van Steenberghe D. The effect of a 1-stage full-mouth disinfection on oral malodour and microbial colonization of the tongue in periodontitis patients. A pilot study. J Periodontol 69 (1998) 374-382
20. Danser M., Mantilla Gómez S., and Van der Weijden G. Tongue coating and tongue brushing: a literature review. Int J Dent Hygiene 1 (2003) 151-158
21. Hyde R., Feller R., and Sharon I. Tongue brushing, dentifrice, and age effects on taste and smell. J Dent Res 60 (1981) 1730-1734
22. Christensen G. Why clean your tongue?. J Am Dental Assoc 129 (1998) 1605-1607