Spectroscopic studies of Ca plasma generated by the fundamental, second, and third harmonics of a Nd:YAG laser

Laser and Particle Beams

Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 41-50

  Hafeez, S ^a   Shaikh, N M ^a,b   Baig, M A ^a  

^a QUAID I AZAM UNIVERSITY   (Pakistan)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SINDH   (Pakistan)

Author keywords

Boltzmann plot; Calcium; Laser ablation; Plasma; Stark broadening

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM; HARMONIC GENERATION; LASER ABLATION; LASER BEAM EFFECTS; NEODYMIUM LASERS; OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOIONIZATION;

BOLTZMANN PLOT; LASER IRRADIANCE; LASER PHOTON ABSORPTION; STARK BROADENING;

PLASMAS;

EID: 42649135142     PISSN: 02630346     EISSN: 1469803X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0263034608000062     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. ABDELLATIF, G. & IMAM, H. (2002). A study of the laser plasma parameters at different laser wavelengths. Spectrochim. Acta B 57, 1155-1165.
2. AMORUSO, S., BRUZZESE, R., SPINELLI, N. & VELOTTA, R. (1999). Characterization of laser-ablation plasmas. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 32, R131-R172.
3. ASIMELLIS, G., GIANNOUDAKOS, A. & KOMPITSAS, M. (2006). Near-IR bromine laser conduced breakdown spectroscopy detection and ambient gas effects on emission line asymmetric Stark broadening and shift. Spectrochim. Acta B 61, 1270-1278.
4. + by collisions with neutral hydrogen atoms. J. Not. Astron. Soc. 300, 863-871.
5. BASHIR, S., RAFIQUE, M.S. & UL- HAQ, F. (2007). Laser ablation of ion irradiated CR-39. Laser Part. Beams 25, 181-191.
6. BODY, D. & CHADWICK, B.L. (2001). Simultaneous elemental analysis system using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy Rev. Sci. Instru. 72, 1625-1629.
7. BOGAERTS, A., CHEN, Z., GJBELS, R. & VERTES, A. (2003). Laser ablation for analytical sampling: What can we learn from modeling? Spectrochim. Acta B 58, 1867-1893.
8. BOGAERTS, A., CHEN, Z. & BLEINER, D. (2006). Laser ablation of copper in different background gases: Comparative study by numerical modeling and experiments. J. Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 21, 384-395.
9. BUSTAMANTE, M.R, RINALDI, C.A. & PERRERO, J.C. (2002). Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy characterization of Ca in a soil depth profile. Spectrochim. Acta B 57, 303-309.
10. BUSSOLI, M., BATANI, D., DESAI, T., CANOVA, F., MILANI, M., TRTICA, M., GAKOVIC, B. & KROUSKY, E. (2007). Study of laser induced ablation with focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope devices. Laser Part. Beams 25, 121-125.
11. BULGAKOV, A.V. & BULGAKOVA, N.M. (1998). Gas-dynamic effects of the interaction between a pulsed laser-ablation plume and ambient gas: Analogy with an under expanded jet. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 31, 693-703.
12. CAPITELLI, M., CASAVOLA, A., COLONNA, G. & DE GIACOMO, A. (2004). Laser-induced plasma expansion theoretical and experimental aspects. Spectrochim. Acta B 59, 271-289.
13. CHANG, J.J. & WARNER, B.E. (1996). Laser-plasma interaction during visible-laser ablation methods. Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 473-475.
14. CHEN, Z. & BOGAERTS, A. (2005). Laser ablation of Cu and plume expansion into 1 atm ambient gas. J. Appl. Phys. 97, 063305-1-12.
15. COWAN, R.D. (1981). Detector was approximately placed at the distance of 0.5 mm from the target. The Theory of Atomic Structure and Spectra. University of California press.
16. COLON, C., HATEM, G., VERDUGO, E., RUIZ, P. & CAMPOS, J. (1993). Measurement of the Stark broadening and shift parameters for several ultraviolet lines of singly ionized aluminum. J. Appl. Phys. 73, 4752-4758.
17. COLONNA, G., CASAVOLA, A. & CAPITELLI, M. (2001). Modeling of LIBS plasma expansion. Spectrochim. Acta B 56, 567.
18. CRISTOFORETTI, G., LEGNAIOLI, S., PALLESCHI, V., SALVETTI, A. & TOGNONI, E. (2004). Influence of ambient gas pressure on laserinduced breakdown spectroscopy technique in the parallel double-pulse configuration. Spectrochimica Acta B 59, 1907-1917.
19. CREMERS, D.A. & RADZIEMSKI, L.J. (2006). Handbook of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
20. DE GIACOMO, A. (2003). Experimental characterization of metallic titanium-laser induced plasma by time and space resolved optical emission spectroscopy. Spectrochim. Acta B 58, 71-83.
21. D'COUTO, G.C. & BABU, S.V. (1994). Heat transfer and material removal in pulsed excimer-laser-induced ablation: Pulse width dependence. J. Appl. Phys. 76, 3052-3058.
22. GOMES, A., AUBRETON, A., GONZALEZ, J.J & VAQUIE, S. (2004). Experimental and theoretical study of the expansion of metallic vapor plasma produced by laser. J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys. 37, 689-696.
23. GORNUSHKIN, I.B., KING, L.A, SMITH, B.W., OMENETTO, N. & WINEFORDNER, J.D. (1999). Line broadening mechanisms in the low pressure laser-induced plasma. Spectrochim. Acta B 54, 1207-1271.
24. GRIEM, H.R. (1997). Principles of Plasma Spectroscopy Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
25. HAFEZ, M.A., KHEDR, M.A. ELAKSHER, RF. & GAMAL, Y.E. (2003). Characterization of Cu plasma produced by a laser interaction with a solid target. Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 12, 185-198.
26. HARILAL, S.S., BINDHU, C.V., ISSAC, RIJU C., NAMPOORI, V.P.N. & VALLABHAN, C.P.G. (1997). Electron density and temperature measurements in a laser produced carbon plasma. J. Appl. Phys. 82, 2140-2146.
27. LAM, Y.C., TRAN, D.V. & ZHENG, H.Y. (2007). A study of substrate temperature distribution during ultrashort laser ablation of bulk copper. Laser Part. Beams 25, 155-159.
28. LAVILLE, S., VIDAL, F., JOHNSTON, T.W., CHAKER, M. & LE DROGOFF, B. (2004). Modeling the time evolution of laser-induced plasmas for various pulse durations and ftuences. Phys. Plasmas 11, 2182-2190.
29. MARR, G.V. (1968). Plasma Spectroscopy. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
30. MARAVEIAKI-KALAITZAKI, P., ANGLOS, D., KILIKOLOU, V. & ZAFIROPULOS, V. (2001). Compositional characterization of encrustation on marble with laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. Spectrochim. Acta B 56, 887-903.
31. MARTIN, P., TRAINHAM, R., AGOSTINI, P. & PETITE, G. (1992). Electron and ion emission in high-intensity laser irradiation of aluminum, Phys. Rev. B 45, 69-77.
32. MIZIOLEK, A.W., PALLESCHI, V. & SCHECHTER, I. (2006). Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Fundamentals and Applications Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
33. Atomic Spectroscopic Data, NIST, http://www.physics.nist.gov/PhysRefdata/ contents.html.
34. OZAKI, T., BOM, L.B.E., GANEEV, R., KIEFFER, J.C., SUZUKI, M. & KURODA, H. (2007). Intense harmonic generation from silver ablation. Laser Part. Beams 25, 321-325.
35. ORTIZ, M. & MAYO, R. (2005). Measurement of the Stark broadening for several lines of singly ionized gold. J. Appl. Phys. B At. Mol. Opt., Phys. 38, 3953-3961.
36. RUSSO, R.E., MAO, X.L., LIU, H.C., YOO, J.H. & MAO, S.S. (1999). Time-resolved plasma diagnostics and mass removal during single-pulse laser ablation. Appl. Phys. A 69, S887-S894.
37. SCHAUMANN, G., SCHOLLMEIER, M.S., RODRIGUEZ- PRIETO, G., BLAZEVIC, A., BRAMBRINK, E., GEISSEL, M., KOROSTIY, S., PIRZADEH, P., ROTH, M., ROSMEJ, RB., FAENOV, A.Y., PIKUZ, T.A., TSIGUTKIN, K., MARON, Y., TAHIR, N.A. & HOFFMANN, D.H.H. (2005). High energy heavy ion jets emerging from laser plasma generated by long pulse laser beams from the NHELIX laser system at GSI. Laser Part. Beams 23, 503-512.
38. SCHADE, W., BOHLING, C., HOHMANN, K. & SCHEEL, D. (2006). Laser-induced plasma spectroscopy for mine detection and verification. Laser and Particle Beams 24, 241-247.
39. SHAIKH, N.M., RASHID, B., HAFEEZ, S., JAMIL, Y. & BAIG, M. A. (2006a). Measurement of electron density and temperature of a laser-induced zinc plasma. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 39, 1384.
40. SHAIKH, N.M., HAFEEZ, S., RASHID, B., MAHMOOD, S. & BAIG, M.A. (2006b). Optical emission studies of the mercury plasma generated by the fundamental, second and third harmonics of a Nd:YAG laser. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 39, 4377-4385.
41. SHAIKH, N.M., RASHID, B., HAFEEZ, S., MAHMOOD, S., SALEEM, M. & BAIG, M.A. (2006c). Diagnostics of cadmium plasma produced by laser ablation. J. Appl. Phys. 100, 073102.
42. SHAIKH, N.M, HAFEEZ, S., RASHID, B. & BAIG, M.A. (2007). Spectroscopic studies of laser induced aluminum plasma using fundamental, second and third harmonics of a Nd:YAG laser. Eur. Phys. J. D: 44, 371-379.
43. SINGH, R. K., HOLLAND, O.W. & NARAYAN, J. (1990). Theoretical model for deposition of superconducting thin films using laser evaporation technique. J. Appl. Phys. 68, 233-247.
44. LEE, Y., THIEM, T.L., KIM, Gi-Ho T.L., YE-YUNG, T. & SNEDDON, J. (1992). Interaction of an excimer-laser beam with metals. Part III: The effect of a controlled atmosphere in laser-ablated plasma emission. Appl. Spectroscopy 46, 1597-1604.
45. 2/Ar atmosphere. Laser Part. Beams 23, 149-153.
46. THAREJA, R.K. & SHARMA, D.K. (2006). Reactive pulsed laser ablation: Plasma studies. Laser Part. Beams 24, 311-320.
47. VEIKO, V.P., SHAKHNO, E.A., SMIRNOV, V.N., MIASKOVSKI, A.M. & NIKISHIN, G.D. (2006). Laser-induced film deposition by LIFT: Physical mechanisms and applications. Laser Part. Beams 24, 203-209.
48. VIDAL, F., LAVILLE, S., JOHNSTON, T. W., BARTHELEMY, O., CHAKER, M., LE DROGOFF, S., MARGOT, J. & SABSABI, M. (2001). Numerical simulations of ultrashort laser pulse ablation and plasma expansion in ambient air. Spectrochim. Acta B 56, 973-986.
49. WANG, Y.-L., XU, W., ZHOU, Y., CHU, L.-Z. & FU, G.-S. (2007). Influence of pulse repetition rate on the average size of silicon nano-particles deposited by laser ablation. Laser Part. Beams 25, 9-13.
50. WIEGER, V., STRASSL, M. & WINTNER, E. (2006). Pico- and micro-second laser ablation of dental restorative materials. Laser Part. Beams 24, 41-45.
51. WHIRTER, M.RW.P (1965). Plasma Diagnostic Techniques, Huddlestone R H & Leonard S.L., New York: Academic Press.
52. YING, M.., XIA, Y., SUN, Y., ZHAO, M., MA, Y., LIU, X., LI, Y. & HOU, X. (2003). Plasma properties of a laser-ablated aluminum target in air. Laser Part. Beam 21, 97-101.
53. ZBRONIEC, L., SASAKI, T. & KOSHIZAKI, N. (2004). Effect of ambient gas laser fluence on the compositional changes in iron oxide particles aggregated films prepared by laser ablation. Appl. Phys. A 79, 1783.
54. ZENG, X., MAO, S.S., LIU, C., MAO, X., GREIF, R. & RUSSO, R.E. (2003). Plasma diagnostics during laser ablation in a cavity. Spectrochim. Acta B 58, 867-877.