Cachexia: New Advances In The Management of Wasting Diseases

Journal of the American Medical Directors Association

Volumn 9, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 205-210

  Morley, John E ^a,b   Thomas, David R ^a  

^a SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGENTS AFFECTING METABOLISM; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; CREATINE; CYPROHEPTADINE; CYTOKINE; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; DRONABINOL; ERYTHROPOIETIN; ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID; GHRELIN; GHRELIN AGONIST; GROWTH HORMONE; HYBRID PROTEIN; ICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE; MEGACE ES; MEGESTROL ACETATE; MIRTAZAPINE; MULTIVITAMIN; MYOSTATIN ANTIBODY; NANDROLONE; NOVEL ERYTHROPOIESIS STIMULATING PROTEIN; OSTARINE; PROBIOTIC AGENT; PROTEIN ANTIBODY; SELECTIVE ANDROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATOR; TESTOSTERONE; TESTOSTERONE ENANTATE; UNINDEXED DRUG; VITAMIN D;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; AEROBIC EXERCISE; ANEMIA; BACTERIAL INFECTION; BODY MASS; CACHEXIA; CALORIC INTAKE; CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS; DEPRESSION; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG SAFETY; EDITORIAL; ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY; FOOD; FOOD DRUG INTERACTION; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; LOW DRUG DOSE; MALIGNANT NEOPLASTIC DISEASE; MORTALITY; MUSCLE ATROPHY; MUSCLE METABOLISM; NONHUMAN; PARENTERAL NUTRITION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY; WASTING SYNDROME; WEIGHT GAIN;

EID: 42649121333     PISSN: 15258610     EISSN: 15389375     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2008.02.006     Document Type: Editorial

References (106)

1. W.J. Evans J.E. Morley Sarcopenia Clin Nutr 2008 In press
2. D.R. Thomas C.D. Zdrowski M.M. Wilson Malnutrition in subacute care Am J Clin Nutr 75 2002 308 313
3. J.E. Morley A.J. Silver Nutritional issues in nursing home care Ann Intern Med 123 1995 850 859
4. D.R. Thomas Loss of skeletal muscle mass in aging: examining the relationship of starvation, sarcopenia and cachexia Clin Nutr 26 2007 389 399
5. D.R. Thomas Weight loss in older adults Reviews in Endocrinology and Metabolism 6 2005 129 136
6. R.A. Murden N.K. Ainslie Recent weight loss is related to short-term mortality in nursing homes J Gen Int Med 9 1994 648 650
7. C. Ryan E. Bryant P. Eleazer Unintentional weight loss in long-term care: Predictor of mortality in the elderly South Med J 88 1995 721 724
8. D.H. Sullivan L.E. Johnson M.M. Bopp P.K. Roberson Prognostic significance of monthly weight fluctuations among older nursing home residents J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 59 2004 M633 M639
9. K.G. Losonczy T.B. Harris J. Cornoni-Huntley Does weight loss from middle age to old age explain the inverse weight mortality relation in old age? Am J Epidemiol 141 1994 312 321
10. D.H. Sullivan J.E. Morley L.E. Johnson The GAIN (Geriatric Anorexia Nutrition) registry: The impact of appetite and weight on mortality in a long-term care population J Nutr Health Aging 6 2002 275 281
11. D.R. Thomas H. Kamel M. Azharrudin The relationship of functional status, nutritional assessment, and severity of illness to in-hospital mortality J Nutr Health Aging 9 2005 169 175
12. O.A. Cepeda J.K. Gammack Cancer in older men: A gender-based review Aging Male 9 2006 149 158
13. J.E. Morley D.R. Thomas M.M. Wilson Cachexia: Pathophysiology and clinical relevance Am J Clin Nutr 83 2006 735 743
14. F. Koehler W. Doehner S.D. Anker M. John Anorexia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease—Association to cachexia and hormonal derangement Int J Cardiol 119 2007 83 89
15. S. Strassburg S.D. Anker Metabolic and immunologic derangements in cardiac cachexia: Where to from here? Heart Fail Rev 11 2006 57 64
16. J.E. Morley Weight loss in older persons: New therapeutic approaches Curr Pharm Des 13 2007 3637 3647
17. A.M. Abbatecola L. Ferrucci R. Grella Diverse effect of inflammatory markers on insulin resistance and insulin-resistance syndrome in the elderly J Am Geriatr Soc 52 2004 399 404
18. M.L. Omran J.E. Morley Assessment of protein energy malnutrition in older persons, Part II: Laboratory evaluation Nutrition 16 2000 131 140
19. D.R. Thomas Anemia: It's all about quality of life J Am Med Dir Assoc 8 2007 80 82
20. C. MacIntosh J.E. Morley I.M. Chapman The anorexia of aging Nutrition 2000 983 995
21. J.E. Morley Anorexia of aging: Physiologic and pathologic Am J Clin Nutr 66 1997 760 773
22. J.B. Buchanan R.W. Johnson Regulation of food intake by inflammatory cytokines in the brain Neuroendocrinology 86 2007 183 190
23. W. Langhans Signals generating anorexia during acute illness Proc Nutr Soc 66 2007 321 330
24. S. Joshi J.E. Morley Cognitive impairment Med Clin North Am 90 2006 769 787
25. W.A. Banks S.A. Farr M.E. La Scola J.E. Morley Intravenous human interleukin-1alpha impairs memory processing in mice: dependence on blood-brain barrier transport into posterior division of the septum J Pharmacol Exp Ther 299 2001 536 541
26. J.E. Morley Weight loss in the nursing home J Am Med Dir Assoc 8 2007 201 204
27. L. Aoyama N. Weintraub D.B. Reuben Is weight loss in the nursing home a reversible problem? J Am Med Dir Assoc 7 2006 S66 S72
28. J.E. Morley M.J. Kim M.T. Haren Frailty and the aging male Aging Male 8 2005 135 140
29. J.E. Morley Is weight loss harmful to older men? Aging Male 9 2006 135 137
30. A. Abbellan van Kan Y. Rolland H. Bergman The I.A.N.A. Task Force on frailty assessment of older people in clinical practice J Nutr Health Aging 12 2008 29 37
31. J.E. Morley R.N. Baumgartner R. Roubenoff Sarcopenia J Lab Clin Med 137 2001 231 243
32. D.R. Thomas K. Marren W. Banks J. Morley Do objective measurements of physical function in ambulatory women improve assessment of functional status? J Am Med Dir Assoc 8 2007 469 476
33. E. Nieschlag R. Swerdloff H.M. Behre Investigation, treatment and monitoring of late-onset hypodonadism in males Aging Male 8 2005 56 58
34. B. Lunenfeld E. Nieschlag Testosterone therapy in the aging male Aging Male 10 2007 139 153
35. J.E. Morley Androgens and aging Maturitas 38 2001 61 71
36. A.C. Milne A. Avenell J. Potter Meta-analysis: protein and energy supplementation in older people Ann Intern Med 144 2006 37 48
37. M.M. Wilson R. Purushothaman J.E. Morley Effect of liquid dietary supplements on energy intake in the elderly Am J Clin Nutr 75 2002 944 947
38. W.J. Evans Protein nutrition, exercise and aging J Am Coll Nutr 23 2004 601S 609S
39. W.W. Campbell T.A. Trappe R.R. Wolfe W.J. Evans The recommended dietary allowance for protein may not be adequate for older people to maintain skeletal muscle J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 56 2001 M373 M380
40. T.C. Vary C.J. Lynch Nutrient signaling components controlling protein synthesis in striated muscle J Nutr 137 2007 1835 1843
41. D.G. Candow P.D. Chilibeck Effect of creatine supplementation during resistance training on muscle accretion in the elderly J Nutr Health Aging 11 2007 185 188
42. S. Olsen P. Aagaard F. Kadi Creatine supplementation augments the increase in satellite cell and myonuclei number in human skeletal muscle induced by strength training J Physiol 573 2006 525 534
43. M.J. Tisdale The ‘cancer cachectic factor' Support Care Cancer 11 2003 73 78
44. A. Dewey C. Gaughan T. Dean B. Higgins I. Johnson Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, an omega-3 fatty acid from fish oils) for the treatment of cancer cachexia Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1 2007 CD004597
45. D.R. Thomas C.D. Zdrodowski M.M. Wilson A prospective, randomized clinical study of adjunctive peripheral parenteral nutrition in adult subacute care patients J Nutr Health Aging 9 2005 321 325
46. E.J. Schiffrin D.R. Thomas V.B. Kumar Systemic inflammatory markers in older persons: The effect of supplementation with prebiotics J Nutr Health Aging 11 2007 475 479
47. A.T. Makris S. Gelone Clostridium difficile in the long-term care setting J Am Med Dir Assoc 8 2007 290 299
48. T.E. Finucane C. Christmas B.A. Leff Tube feeding in dementia: how incentives undermine health care quality and patient safety J Am Med Dir Assoc 8 2007 205 208
49. E.G. Berenstein Z. Ortiz Megestrol acetate for the treatment of anorexia-cachexia syndrome Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2 2005 CD004310
50. A. Pascual Lopez M. Roque i Figuls G. Urrutia Cuchi Systematic review of megestrol acetate in the treatment of anorexia-cachexia syndrome J Pain Symptom Manage 27 2004 360 369
51. S.F. Simmons K.A. Walker D. Osterweil The effect of megestrol acetate on oral food and fluid intake in nursing home residents: a pilot study J Am Med Dir Assoc 5 2004 24 30
52. M.S. Raney R. Anding V. Fay G. Polk A pilot study to assess the use of megestrol acetate to promote weight gain in persons residing in long-term care J Am Med Dir Assoc 1 2000 154 158
53. E. Karcic C. Philpot J.E. Morley Treating malnutrition with megestrol acetate: Literature review and review of our experience J Nutr Health Aging 6 2002 191 200
54. W.J. Evans Megestrol acetate use for weight gain should be carefully considered J Clin Endocrionl Metab 92 2007 420 421
55. C.P. Lambert D.H. Sullivan S.A. Freeling Effects of testosterone replacement and/or resistance exercise on the composition of megestrol acetate stimulated weight gain in elderly men: A randomized controlled trial J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87 2002 2100 2106
56. S.S. Yeh S. Lovitt M.W. Schuster Pharmacological treatment of geriatric cachexia: Evidence and safety in perspective J Am Med Dir Assoc 8 2007 363 377
57. H.D. McCarthy R.E. Crowder S. Dryden G. Williams Megestrol acetate stimulates food and water intake in the rat: Effects on regional hypothalamic neuropeptide Y concentrations Eur J Pharmacol 265 1994 99 102
58. D.R. Thomas Incidence of venous thromboembolism in megestrol acetate users J Am Med Dir Assoc 5 2004 65 66
59. C. Wanke J. Gutierrez A. Kristensen L. MacEarchern Safety and efficacy of two preparations of Megestrol Acetate in HIV-infected individuals with weight loss in Africa, India, and the United States J Applied Res 7 2007 206 216
60. D. Bodenner T. Spencer A.T. Riggs A retrospective study of the association between megestrol acetate admininstration and mortality among nursing home residents with clinically significant weight loss Am J Geriatr Pharmacother 5 2007 137 146
61. J.E. Morley F.E. Kaiser H.M. Perry 3rd Longitudinal changes in testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone in healthy older men Metabolism 46 1997 410 413
62. S. Bhasin W.E. Taylor R. Singh The mechanisms of androgen effects on body composition: Mesenchymal pluripotent cell as the target of androgen action J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 58 2003 M1103 M1110
63. J.E. Morley H.M. Perry 3rd F.E. Kaiser Effects of testosterone replacement therapy in old hypodonadal males: a preliminary study J Am Geriatr Soc 41 1993 149 152
64. G.A. Wittert I.M. Chapman M.T. Haren Oral testosterone supplementation increases muscle and decreases fat mass in healthy elderly males with low-normal gonadal status J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 58 2003 618 625
65. K.J. Ottenbacher M.E. Ottenbacher A.J. Ottenbacher Androgen treatment and muscle strength in elderly men: A meta-analysis J Am Geriatr Soc 54 2006 1666 1673
66. A.M. Isidori E. Giannetta E.A. Greco Effects of testosterone on body composition, bone metabolism and serum lipid profile in middle-aged men: A meta-analysis Clin Endocrinol 63 2005 280 293
67. F.M. Kohn Testosterone and body functions Aging Male 9 2006 183 188
68. I.M. Chapman Anorexia Paper presented at: 4th Cachexia Conference; December 6–9, 2007; Tampa, FL www.lms-events.com/18/program_cachexia_07.pdf Accessed March 20, 2008.
69. A. Frissoli Jr P.H. Chaves M.M. Pinheiro V.L. Szejnfeld The effect of nandrolone decanoate on bone mineral density, muscle mass, and hemoglobin levels in elderly women with osteoporosis: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 60 2005 648 653
70. E.C. Creutzberg E.F. Wouters R. Mostert A role for anabolic steroids in the rehabilitation of patients with COPD? A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial Chest 124 2003 1733 1742
71. J. Gold M.J. Batterham H. Rekers Effects of nandrolone decanoate compared with placebo or testosterone on HIV-associated wasting HIV Med 7 2006 146 155
72. A. Barton Pai C. Chretien A.H. Lau The effects of nandrolone decanoate on nutritional parameters in hemodialysis patients Clin Nephrol 58 2002 38 46
73. W. Gao J.T. Dalton Expanding the therapeutic use of androgens via selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) Drug Discover Today 12 2007 241 248
74. W.J. Evans M. Smith J.E. Morley Ostarine increases lean body mass and improves physical performance in healthy elderly subjects: Implications for cancer cachexia patients, 2007 Annual Meeting Proceedings Part I J Clin Oncol 25 2007 9119
75. J.E. Morley Growth hormone: Fountain of youth or death hormone? J Am Geriatr Soc 47 1999 1475 1476
76. F.E. Kaiser A.J. Silver J.E. Morley The effect of recombinant human growth hormone on malnourished older individuals J Am Geriatr Soc 39 1991 235 240
77. L.W. Chu K.S. Lam S.C. Tam A randomized controlled trial of low-dose recombinant human growth hormone in the treatment of malnourished elderly medical patients J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86 2001 1913 1920
78. S. Diano S.A. Farr S.C. Benoit Ghrelin controls hippocampal spine synapse density and memory performance Nat Neurosci 9 2006 381 388
79. F.S. Gaskin S.A. Farr W.A. Banks V.B. Kumar J.E. Morley Ghrelin-induced feeding is dependent on nitric oxide Peptides 24 2003 913 918
80. N. Nagaya J. Moriya Y. Yasumura Effects of ghrelin administration on left ventricular function, exercise capacity, and muscle wasting in patients with chronic heart failure Circulation 110 2004 3674 3679
81. J.E. Morley D. Kraenzle Causes of weight loss in a community nursing home J Am Geriatr Soc 42 1994 583 585
82. M.M. Wilson S. Vaswami D. Liu Prevalence and causes of undernutrition in medical outpatients Am J Med 104 1998 56 63
83. M.A. Cabrera A.E. Mesas A.R. Garcia S.M. de Andrade Malnutrition and depression among community-dwelling elderly people J Am Med Dir Assoc 8 2007 582 584
84. M. Thakur D.G. Blazer Depression in long-term care J Am Med Dir Assoc 9 2008 82 87
85. J.E. Morley Orexigenic and anabolic agents Clin Geriatr Med 18 2002 853 866
86. M.M. Wilson C. Philpot J.E. Morley Anorexia of aging in long-term care: Is dronabinol an effective appetite stimulant? A pilot study J Nutr Health Aging 11 2007 195 198
87. L. Volicer M. Stelly J. Morris Effects of dronabinol on anorexia and disturbed behavior in patients with Alzheimer's disease Int J Geriatric Psychiatry 12 1997 913 919
88. A. Jatoi H.E. Windschitl C.L. Loprinzi Dronabinol versus megestrol acetate versus combination therapy for cancer-associated anorexia: A North Central Cancer Treatment Group study J Clin Oncol 20 2002 567 573
89. T.S. Dharmarajan Falls and fractures linked to anemia, delirium, osteomalacia, medications and more: The path to success is strewn with obstacles! J Am Med Dir Assoc 8 2007 549 550
90. F. Landi A. Russo P. Danese Anemia status, hemoglobin concentration, and mortality in nursing home older residents J Am Med Dir Assoc 8 2007 322 327
91. T.S. Dharmarajan S. Avula E.P. Norkus Anemia increases risk for falls in hospitalized older adults: An evaluation of falls in 362 hospitalized, ambulatory, long-term care, and community patients J Am Med Dir Assoc 8 2007 e9 e15
92. K.E. Steinberg Anemia and falls J Am Med Dir Assoc 7 2006 327
93. A. Agarwal M.R. Silver M. Walczyk Once-monthly darbepoetin alfa for maintaining hemoglobin levels in older patients with chronic kidney disease J Am Med Dir Assoc 8 2007 83 90
94. D. Joulia-Ekaza G. Cabello The myostatin gene: Physiology and pharmacological relevance Curr Opin Pharmacol 7 2007 310 315
95. S. Acharyya D.C. Guttridge Cancer cachexia signaling pathways continue to emerge yet much still points to the proteasome Clin Cancer Res 13 2007 1356 1361
96. J.-L. Wang X. Zhau K. Kwak Myostatin Paper presented at: 4th Cachexia Conference; December 6–9, 2007; Tampa, FL www.cachexia.org Accessed February 8, 2008.
97. J. Lachey A.E. Pullen V. Wong A soluble activin receptor type IIB increases muscle mass in a mouse model of androgen deprivation therapy Paper presented at: 4th Cachexia Conference; December 6–9, 2007; Tampa, FL www.cachexia.org Accessed February 8, 2008
98. L.M. Shinchuk M.F. Holick Vitamin D and rehabilitation: Improving functional outcomes Nutr Clin Pract 22 2007 297 304
99. H.M. Perry 3rd M. Horowitz J.E. Morley Longitudinal changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in older people Metabolism 48 1999 1028 1032
100. P.J. Drinka P.F. Krause L.J. Nest B.M. Goodman Determinants of parathyroid hormone levels in nursing home residents J Am Med Dir Assoc 8 2007 328 331
101. J. Munir R.J. Wright D.B. Carr A quality improvement study on calcium and vitamin D supplementation in long-term care J Am Med Dir Assoc 8 2007 e19 e23
102. P.J. Drinka P.F. Krause L.J. Nest B.M. Goodman Determinants of vitamin D levels in nursing home residents J Am Med Dir Assoc 8 2007 76 79
103. Z. Hamid A. Riggs T. Spencer C. Redman D. Bodenner Vitamin D deficiency in residents of academic long-term care facilities despite having been prescribed vitamin D J Am Med Dir Assoc 8 2007 71 75
104. J.E. Morley Should all long-term care residents receive vitamin D? J Am Med Dir Assoc 8 2007 69 70
105. P.J. Drinka The importance of parathyroid hormone and vitamin D status in the treatment of osteoporosis and renal insufficiency J Am Med Dir Assoc 7 2006 S5 S9
106. D.R. Thomas W. Ashmen J.E. Morley W.J. Evans Nutritional management in long-term care: Development of a clinical guidelines Council for Nutritional strategies in long-term care J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 55 2000 M725 M734