The nature and origin of gold deposits of the Tarcoola Goldfield and implications for the central Gawler Gold Province, South Australia

Economic Geology

Volumn 102, Issue 8, 2007, Pages 1541-1563

  Budd, Anthony R ^a   Skirrow, Roger G ^a  

^a GEOSCIENCE AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GRANITE; LEVEES; SEDIMENTARY ROCKS; VOLCANIC ROCKS;

HORNBLENDE; METASEDIMENTARY ROCKS; MINERALIZATION; SERICITE;

GOLD DEPOSITS;

ARGON-ARGON DATING; BRITTLE FRACTURE; FLUID INCLUSION; GOLD; HORNBLENDE; METASEDIMENTARY ROCK; MINERAL ALTERATION; MINERALIZATION; ORE DEPOSIT; ORE MINERAL; OROGENY; PROTEROZOIC; SILTSTONE;

AUSTRALASIA; AUSTRALIA; SOUTH AUSTRALIA; TARCOOLA;

PAXTON;

EID: 42649088344     PISSN: 03610128     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2113/gsecongeo.102.8.1541     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Allen, S.R., Simpson, C.J., McPhie, J., and Daly, S.J., 2003, Stratigrapby, distribution and geochemistry of widespread felsic volcanic units in the Mesoproterozoic Gawler Range Volearrics, South Australia: Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 50, p. 97-112.
2. Best, M.G., 1982, Igneous and metamorphic petrology: New York, WH. Freeman and Company, 630 p.
3. Blevin, P.L., 2004, Redox and compositional parameters for interpreting granitoid metallogeny of eastern Australia: implications for gold-rich ore systems: Resource Geology, v. 54, p. 241-252.
4. 2O-NaCl fluid inclusions, in De Vivo, B., and Frezzotti, M.L., eds., Fluid inclusions in minerals-methods and applications: Short course of the working group (IMA) "Inclusions in minerals," Pontignano-Siena, 1-4 September 1994, Blacksburg, VA, Virginia Tech, VPI Press, p. 117-130.
5. Brown, P.E., and Hagemann, S.G., 1995, MacFlinCor and its application to fluids in Archean lode-gold deposits: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 59, p. 3943-3952.
6. Budd, A.R., 2002, Hiltaba Suite magma composition: A regional-scale guide to location of Cu-Au versus Au-only mineralization, in Ferris, G.M., comp., Gawler Craton 2002 - State of Play Conference, Adelaide, 2002: South Australia Department of Primary Industries and Resources, Mineral Exploration Data Package, 10 p.
7. Budd, A.R., 2006, The Tarcoola goldfield of the central Gawler gold province, and the Hiltaba Association Granites, Gawler craton, South Australia: Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Canberra, ACT, Australian National University, 507 p.
8. 39Ar age constraints on Au-mineralisation at Tarcoola, central Gawler gold province, South Australia: Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 51, p. 685-699.
9. Budd, A.R., Wyborn, L.A.I., and Bastrakova, I.V, 1998, Exploration significance of the Hiltaba Suite, South Australia: Australian Geological Survey Organisation Research Newsletter 29, p. 1-4.
10. Cherniack, D.J., 1995, Diffusion of lead in plagioclase and K-feldspar, and investigation using Rutherford backscattering and resonant nuclear reaction analysis: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 120, p. 358-371.
11. Creaser, R.A., 1996, Petrogenesis of a Mesoproterozoic quartz latite-granitoid suite from the Roxby Downs area, South Australia: Precambrian Research, v. 79, p. 371-394.
12. Cumming, G.L., and Richards, J.R., 1975, Ore lead isotope ratios in a continuously changing Earth: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 28, p. 155-171.
13. Daly, SJ., 1993a, Mineralization associated with the GRV and Hiltaba Suite granitoids- Earea Dam goldfield, Glenloth goldfield, Tarcoola goldfield: South Australia Geological Survey Bulletin 54, p. 138-139.
14. Daly, SJ., 1993b, The Tarcoola Formation: South Australia Geological Survey Bulletin 54, p. 68-69.
15. Daly, S.J., Horn, C.M., and Fradd, W.P., 1990, Tarcoola goldfield: Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, v. 14, p. 1049-1053.
16. Daly, S.J., Fanning, C.M., and Fairclough, M.C., 1998, Tectonic evolution and exploration potential of the Gawler craton, South Australia: Australian Geological Survey Organisation Journal of Australian Geology and Geophysics, v. 17, p. 145-168.
17. Deniel, C., and Pin, C., 2001, Single-stage method for the simultaneous isolation of lead and strontium from silicate samples for isotopic measurement: Analytica Chimica Acta, v. 426, p. 95-103.
18. Drown, C.G., 2002, Barns gold project, Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, in Ferris, G.M., compiler, Gawler Craton 2002 - State of Play, Adelaide, 2002: South Australia Department of Primary Industries and Resources, Mineral Exploration Data Package, 10 p.
19. Drown, C.G., 2003, The Barns gold project - discovery in an emerging district: Mines and Energy South Australia Journal, v. 28, p. 4-9.
20. Ferris, G.M., 2001, The geology and geochemistry of granitoids in the Childara region, western Gawler craton, South Australia - implications for the Proterozoic tectonic history of the western Gawler craton and the development of lode-style gold mineralization at Tunkillia: Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, Hobart, University of Tasmania, 175 p.
21. Ferris, G.M., and Schwarz, M.P., 2003, Proterozoic gold province of the central Gawler craton: Mines and Energy South Australia Journal, v. 30, p. 4-12.
22. Ferris, G.M., Schwarz, M.P., and Heithersay, P., 2002, The geological framework, distribution and controls of Fe-oxide Cu-Au mineralization in the Gawler craton, South Australia. Part 1. Geological and tectonic framework, in Porter, T.M., ed. Hydrothermal iron oxide copper-gold and related deposits - a global perspective: Adelaide, Porter GeoConsultancy Publishing, v. 2, p. 9-31.
23. Fraser, G.L., Skirrow, R.G., Schmidt-Mumm, A., and Holm, O., 2007, Mesoproterozoic gold in the central Gawler craton, South Australia: Geology, alteration, fluids, and timing: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 102, p. 1535-1563.
24. Gehrig, M., 1980, Phasengleichgewichte und pVT-Daten ternärer Mischungen aus Wasser, Kohlendioxid und Natriumchlorid his 3 kbar und 550°C: Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Freiburg, University Karlsruhe, Hochscbul Verlag, 109 p.
25. Goldstein, S.L. O'Nions, R.K., and Hamilton, P.J., 1984, A Sm-Nd isotopic study of atmospheric dusts and particulates from major river systems: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 70, p. 221-236.
26. Groves, D.I., Goldfarb, R.J., Gebre-Mariam, M., Hagemann, S.G., and Robert, F., 1998, Orogenic gold deposits: A proposed classification in the context of their crustal distribution and relationship to other gold deposit types: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 13, p. 7-27.
27. Groves, D.I., Goldfarb, R.J., Robert, F., and Hart, C.J.R., 2003, Gold deposits in metamorphic belts: Overview of current understanding, outstanding problems, future research, and exploration significance: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 98, p. 1-29.
28. Hein, K.A.A., Both, R.A., and Bone, Y., 1994, The geology and genesis of the Tarcoola gold deposits, South Australia: Mineralium Deposita, v. 29, p. 224-236.
29. Hoatson, D.M., Sun, S-S., Duggan, M.B., Davies, M.B., Daly, S.J., and Purvis, A.C., 2005, The Late Arcbean Lake Harris Komatiite, central Gawler craton, South Australia: Geologic setting and geochemistry: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 100, p. 349-374.
30. Housh, T., and Bowring, S.A., 1991, Lead isotopic heterogeneities within alkali feldspars: Implications for the determination of initial lead isotopic compositions: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 55, p. 2309-2316.
31. Hughes, F.J., 1998, Perseverance gold deposit, Tarcoola: Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, v. 22, p. 392-400.
32. Huston, D.L., 1993, The effect of alteration and metamorphism on wall rocks to the Balcooma and Dry River South volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits, Queensland, Australia: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 48, p. 277-307.
33. Isles, D.J., Hughes, F.J., and Anderson, C.G., 1996, Gold mineralization and exploration in the Tarcoola district [abs.]: Resources '96 Convention, South Australia Department of Mines and Energy, Adelaide, December 1996, Abstracts, p. 70-74.
34. Jenner, G.A., Longerich, H.P., Jackson, S.E., and Fryer, B.J., 1990, ICPMS - a powerful tool for bigh-precision trace-element analysis in earth sciences: Evidence from analysis of selected U.S.G.S. reference samples: Chemical Geology, v. 83, p. 133-148.
35. Johnson, J.P., and Cross, K.C., 1995, U-Pb geochronological constraints on the genesis of the Olympic dam Cu-U-Au-Ag deposit, South Australia: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 90, p. 1046-1063.
36. Johnson, J.P., and McCulloch, M.T., 1995, Sources of mineralizing fluids for the Olympic Dam deposit (South Australia) - Sm-Nd isotopic constraints: Chemical Geology, v. 121, p. 177-199.
37. Kamenetsky, V.S., and Maas, R., 2002, Mantle-melt evolution (dynamic source) in the origin of a single MORB suite - a perspective from magnesian glasses of Macquarie Island: Journal of Petrology, v. 43, p. 1909-1922.
38. Kamenetsky, V.S., van Achterbergh, E., Ryan, C.G., Naumov, V.B., Mernagh, T.P., and Davidson, P., 2002, Extreme chemical heterogeneity of granite-derived hydrothermal fluids: An example from inclusions in a single crystal of miarolitic quartz: Geology, v. 30/5, p. 459-462.
39. Kerrich, R., and Cassidy, K.F., 1994, Temporal relationships of lode-gold mineralisation to accretion, magmatism, metamorphism, and deformation - Archaean to present: A review: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 9, p. 263-310.
40. 2 mixtures at elevated pressures and temperatures: American Journal of Science, v. 281, p. 735-767.
41. Lang, J.R., and Baker, T., 2001, Intrusion-related gold systems: the present level of understanding: Mineralium Deposita, v. 36, p. 477-489.
42. 238U measurements using energy-filtered ICP magnetic sector multiple collector mass spectrometry: International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes, v. 171, p. 105-117.
43. McCulloch, M.T., and Woodhead, J.D., 1993, Lead isotopic evidence for deep crustal-scale fluid transport during granite petrogenesis: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 57, p. 659-674.
44. Mernagh, T.P., 2001, A fluid inclusion study of the Fosterville mine - a turbidite-hosted goldfield in the Western Lachlan fold belt, Victoria, Australia: Chemical Geology, v. 173, p. 91-106.
45. Norrish, K., and Chappell, B.W., 1977, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, in Zussman, J., ed., Physical methods in determinative mineralogy: London, New York, Academic Press, p. 201-272.
46. Norrish, K., and Hutton, J.T., 1969, An accurate X-ray spectrographic method for the analysis of a wide range of geological samples: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 33, p. 431-453.
47. Page, R.W., Conor, C.H.H., Stevens, B.P.J., Gibson, G.M., Preiss, W.V., and Southgate, P.N., 2005, Correlation of Clary and Broken Hill domains, Curnamon province: Possible relationship to Mount Isa and other North Australian Pb-Zn-Ag-bearing successions: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 100, p. 663-676.
48. Passchier, C.W., and Trouw, R.A.J., 1996, Microtectomes: Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 325 p.
49. Pyke, J., 2000, Minerals laboratory staff develops new ICP-MS preparation method: Australian Geological Survey Organisation Research Newsletter 33, p. 12-14.
50. Ridgway, J.E., and Johns, R.K., 1949, Fabian (Tarcoola Blocks) gold mine: Mineral Review of South Australia, v. 88, p. 170-194.
51. Roache, M.W., and Fanning, C.M., 1994, Timing of mineralisation at the Menninnie Dam Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Eyre Peninsula, South Australia [abs.]: Geological Society of Australia, Geoscience Australia - 1994 and Beyond, 12th Australian Geological Convention, Perth, Western Australia, 26th-30th September 1994, Abstracts v. 37, p. 376-377.
52. Roedder, E., 1984, Fluid inclusions: Reviews in Mineralogy, v. 12, 644 p.
53. Rock, N.M.S., and Groves, D.I., 1988, Can lamprophyres resolve the genetic controversy over mesothermal gold deposits?: Geology, v. 16, p. 538-541.
54. Rock, N.M.S., Groves, D.I., Perring, C.S., and Golding, S.D., 1989, Gold, lamprophyres, and porphyries: What does their association mean: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY MONOGRAPH6, p. 609-625.
55. 2 at elevated temperatures, pressures, and salinities: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 64, p. 3853-3869.
56. Shapiro, L., and Brannock, W.W., 1962, Rapid analysis of silicate, carbonate and phosphate rocks: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1144-A, 56 p.
57. Shepherd, T.J., Rankin, A.H., and Alderton, D.H.M., 1985, A practical guide to fluid inclusion studies: Glasgow, Blackie and Son, 239 p.
58. Skirrow, R.G., Bastrakov, E., Davidson, G.J., Raymond, O.L., and Heithersay, P.S., 2002, The geological framework, distribution and controls of Feoxide Cu-Au mineralization in the Gawler craton, South Australia, in Porter, T.M., ed. Hydrothermal iron oxide copper-gold and related deposits - a global perspective: Adelaide, Porter GeoConsultancy Publishing, v. 2, p. 33-47.
59. Stewart, K.P., 1994, High temperature felsic volcanism and the role of mantle magmas in Proterozoic crustal growth - the Gawler Range volcanic province: Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Adelaide, University of Adelaide, 214 p.
60. Stewart, K.P., and Foden, J., 2001, Mesoproterozoic granitoids of South Australia. Part 1: the Gawler craton: Adelaide, Department of Primary Industries and Resources, South Australia, CDROM.
61. Thompson, J.F.H., Sillitoe, R.H., Baker, T., Lang, J.R., and Mortensen, J.K., 1999, Intrusion-related gold deposits associated with tungsten-tin provinces: Mineralium Deposita, v. 34, p. 323-334.
62. Vance, D., and Thirlwall, M.F., 2002, An assessment of mass discrimination in MC-ICPMS using Nd isotopes: Chemical Geology, v. 185, p. 227-240.
63. Wones, D.R., 1981, Mafic silicates as indicators of intensive variables in granitic magmas: Mining Geology, v. 31, p. 191-212.
64. Wones, D.R., 1989, Significance of the assemblage titanite + magnetite + quartz in granitic rocks: American Mineralogist, v. 74, p. 744-749.
65. Woodhead, J., 2002, A simple method for obtaining highly accurate Pb isotope data by MC-ICP-MS: Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, v. 17, p. 1381-1385.
66. Xirouchakis, D., and Lindsley, D.H., 1998, Equilibria among titanite, hedenbergite, fayalite, quartz, ilmenite, and magnetite: Experiments and internally consistent thermodynamic data for titanite: American Mineralogist, v. 83, p. 712-725.