메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 171, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 669-677

Complex positive connections between functional groups are revealed by neural network analysis of ecological time series

Author keywords

Artificial neural networks; Diversity stability; Functional groups; Macrofauna; Temporal dynamics; Time series analyses

Indexed keywords

ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; FOOD WEB; FUNCTIONAL GROUP; HYPOTHESIS TESTING; INTERTIDAL ENVIRONMENT; MACROBENTHOS; SPECIES DIVERSITY; SPECIES RICHNESS; TEMPORAL ANALYSIS; TIME SERIES ANALYSIS;

EID: 42549171606     PISSN: 00030147     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/587069     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (25)

References (74)
  • 1
    • 0015958170 scopus 로고
    • Animal-sediment relations in a tropical lagoon, Discovery Bay, Jamaica
    • Aller, R. C., and R. E. Dodge. 1974. Animal-sediment relations in a tropical lagoon, Discovery Bay, Jamaica. Journal of Marine Research 32:209-232.
    • (1974) Journal of Marine Research , vol.32 , pp. 209-232
    • Aller, R.C.1    Dodge, R.E.2
  • 4
    • 0031284547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of positive interactions in communities: Lessons from intertidal habitats
    • Bertness, M. D., and G. H. Leonard. 1997. The role of positive interactions in communities: lessons from intertidal habitats. Ecology 78:1976-1989.
    • (1997) Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 1976-1989
    • Bertness, M.D.1    Leonard, G.H.2
  • 6
    • 0024234123 scopus 로고
    • Absence of preemption and interference competition for space between large suspension-feeding bivalves and smaller infaunal macroinvertebrates
    • Black, R., and C. H. Peterson. 1988. Absence of preemption and interference competition for space between large suspension-feeding bivalves and smaller infaunal macroinvertebrates. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology 120:183-193.
    • (1988) Journal of Experimental Marine Biology , vol.120 , pp. 183-193
    • Black, R.1    Peterson, C.H.2
  • 8
    • 33646399439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Matching biological traits to environmental conditions in marine benthic ecosystems
    • Bremner, J., S. I. Rogers, and C. L. J. Frid. 2006a. Matching biological traits to environmental conditions in marine benthic ecosystems. Journal of Marine Systems 60:302-316.
    • (2006) Journal of Marine Systems , vol.60 , pp. 302-316
    • Bremner, J.1    Rogers, S.I.2    Frid, C.L.J.3
  • 9
    • 33646777475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methods for describing ecological functioning of marine benthic assemblages using biological traits analysis (BTA)
    • _. 2006b. Methods for describing ecological functioning of marine benthic assemblages using biological traits analysis (BTA). Ecological Indicators 6:609-622.
    • (2006) Ecological Indicators , vol.6 , pp. 609-622
    • Bremner, J.1    Rogers, S.I.2    Frid, C.L.J.3
  • 10
    • 0003037645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat modification and facilitation in benthic marine communities
    • M. D. Bertness, S. D. Gaines, and M. E. Hay, eds, Sinauer, Sunderland, MA
    • Bruno, J. F., and M. D. Bertness. 2001. Habitat modification and facilitation in benthic marine communities. Pages 201-220 in M. D. Bertness, S. D. Gaines, and M. E. Hay, eds. Marine community ecology. Sinauer, Sunderland, MA.
    • (2001) Marine community ecology , pp. 201-220
    • Bruno, J.F.1    Bertness, M.D.2
  • 12
    • 0035694989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From metaphor to measurement: Resilience of what to what?
    • Carpenter, S., B. Walker, J. M. Anderies, and N. Abel. 2001. From metaphor to measurement: resilience of what to what? Ecosystems 4:765-781.
    • (2001) Ecosystems , vol.4 , pp. 765-781
    • Carpenter, S.1    Walker, B.2    Anderies, J.M.3    Abel, N.4
  • 13
    • 33845396193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feedbacks between bivalve density, flow, suspended sediment concentration on patch stable states
    • Coco, G., S. F. Thrush, M. O. Green, and J. E. Hewitt. 2006. Feedbacks between bivalve density, flow, suspended sediment concentration on patch stable states. Ecology 87:2862-2870.
    • (2006) Ecology , vol.87 , pp. 2862-2870
    • Coco, G.1    Thrush, S.F.2    Green, M.O.3    Hewitt, J.E.4
  • 14
    • 0035125454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity may regulate the temporal variability of ecological systems
    • Cottingham, K. L., B. L. Brown, and J. T. Lennon. 2001. Biodiversity may regulate the temporal variability of ecological systems. Ecology Letters 4:72-85.
    • (2001) Ecology Letters , vol.4 , pp. 72-85
    • Cottingham, K.L.1    Brown, B.L.2    Lennon, J.T.3
  • 15
    • 0032963275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal and spatial scales of kelp demography: The role of oceanographic climate
    • Dayton, P. K., M. J. Tegner, P. B. Edwards, and K. L. Riser. 1999. Temporal and spatial scales of kelp demography: the role of oceanographic climate. Ecological Monographs 69:219-250.
    • (1999) Ecological Monographs , vol.69 , pp. 219-250
    • Dayton, P.K.1    Tegner, M.J.2    Edwards, P.B.3    Riser, K.L.4
  • 16
    • 0033578441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural network models to study relationships between lead concentration in grasses and permanent urban descriptors in Athens city (Greece)
    • Dimopoulos, I., J. Chronopoulos, A. Chronopoulos-Sereli, and S. Lek. 1999. Neural network models to study relationships between lead concentration in grasses and permanent urban descriptors in Athens city (Greece). Ecological Modelling 120:157-165.
    • (1999) Ecological Modelling , vol.120 , pp. 157-165
    • Dimopoulos, I.1    Chronopoulos, J.2    Chronopoulos-Sereli, A.3    Lek, S.4
  • 20
    • 0020870930 scopus 로고
    • Facilitation of soft-bottom benthic succession by tube builders
    • Gallagher, E. D., P. A. Jumars, and D. D. Trueblood. 1983. Facilitation of soft-bottom benthic succession by tube builders. Ecology 64:1200-1216.
    • (1983) Ecology , vol.64 , pp. 1200-1216
    • Gallagher, E.D.1    Jumars, P.A.2    Trueblood, D.D.3
  • 22
    • 0001567252 scopus 로고
    • The theory of diversity-stability relationships in ecology
    • Goodman, D. 1975. The theory of diversity-stability relationships in ecology. Quarterly Review of Biology 50:237-266.
    • (1975) Quarterly Review of Biology , vol.50 , pp. 237-266
    • Goodman, D.1
  • 23
    • 34447527167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality
    • Hector, A., and R. Bagchi. 2007. Biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality. Nature 448:188-191.
    • (2007) Nature , vol.448 , pp. 188-191
    • Hector, A.1    Bagchi, R.2
  • 25
    • 20444429756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of small-scale habitat structure for maintaining beta diversity
    • Hewitt, J. E., S. F. Thrush, J. Halliday, and C. Duffy. 2005. The importance of small-scale habitat structure for maintaining beta diversity. Ecology 86:1619-1626.
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , pp. 1619-1626
    • Hewitt, J.E.1    Thrush, S.F.2    Halliday, J.3    Duffy, C.4
  • 28
    • 34447324898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stability and diversity of ecosystems
    • Ives, A. R., and S. R. Carpenter. 2007. Stability and diversity of ecosystems. Science 317:58-62.
    • (2007) Science , vol.317 , pp. 58-62
    • Ives, A.R.1    Carpenter, S.R.2
  • 29
    • 0038613595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating community stability and ecological interactions from time-series data
    • Ives, A. R., B. Dennis, K. L. Cottingham, and S. R. Carpenter. 2003. Estimating community stability and ecological interactions from time-series data. Ecological Monographs 73:301-330.
    • (2003) Ecological Monographs , vol.73 , pp. 301-330
    • Ives, A.R.1    Dennis, B.2    Cottingham, K.L.3    Carpenter, S.R.4
  • 30
    • 0021564360 scopus 로고
    • Life history and dispersal patterns in a dense infaunal polychaete assemblage: Community structure and response to disturbance
    • Levin, L. A. 1984. Life history and dispersal patterns in a dense infaunal polychaete assemblage: community structure and response to disturbance. Ecology 65:1185-1200.
    • (1984) Ecology , vol.65 , pp. 1185-1200
    • Levin, L.A.1
  • 31
    • 7744231460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioturbators enhance ecosystem function through complex biogeochemical interactions
    • Lohrer, A. M., S. F. Thrush, and M. M. Gibbs. 2004. Bioturbators enhance ecosystem function through complex biogeochemical interactions. Nature 431:1092-1095.
    • (2004) Nature , vol.431 , pp. 1092-1095
    • Lohrer, A.M.1    Thrush, S.F.2    Gibbs, M.M.3
  • 32
    • 0035955371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: Current knowledge and future challenges
    • Loreau, M., S. Naeem, P. Inchausti, J. Bengtsson, P. Grime, A. Hector, A. Hooper, et al. 2001. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: current knowledge and future challenges. Science 294:804-808.
    • (2001) Science , vol.294 , pp. 804-808
    • Loreau, M.1    Naeem, S.2    Inchausti, P.3    Bengtsson, J.4    Grime, P.5    Hector, A.6    Hooper, A.7
  • 33
    • 0020867250 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal relationships between Australian rainfall and the Southern Oscillation
    • McBride, J. L., and N. Nicholls. 1983. Seasonal relationships between Australian rainfall and the Southern Oscillation. Monitoring Weather Review 111:1998-2004.
    • (1983) Monitoring Weather Review , vol.111 , pp. 1998-2004
    • McBride, J.L.1    Nicholls, N.2
  • 34
    • 0034636310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diversity-stability debate
    • McCann, K. S. 2000. The diversity-stability debate. Nature 405:228-233.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.405 , pp. 228-233
    • McCann, K.S.1
  • 35
    • 0028976893 scopus 로고
    • Indirect effects in marine rocky intertidal interaction webs: Patterns and importance
    • Menge, B. A. 1995. Indirect effects in marine rocky intertidal interaction webs: patterns and importance. Ecological Monographs 65:21-74.
    • (1995) Ecological Monographs , vol.65 , pp. 21-74
    • Menge, B.A.1
  • 36
    • 0030618050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of direct versus indirect effects: Were experiments long enough?
    • _. 1997. Detection of direct versus indirect effects: were experiments long enough? American Naturalist 149:801-823.
    • (1997) American Naturalist , vol.149 , pp. 801-823
    • Menge, B.A.1
  • 38
    • 0011922972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marine, estuarine, and diadromous fish stocks at risk of extinction in North America (exclusive of Pacific salmonids)
    • Musick, J. A., M. M. Harbin, S. A. Berkeley, G. H. Burgess, A. M. Eklund, L. Findley, R. G. Gilmore, et al. 2000. Marine, estuarine, and diadromous fish stocks at risk of extinction in North America (exclusive of Pacific salmonids). Fisheries 25:6-30.
    • (2000) Fisheries , vol.25 , pp. 6-30
    • Musick, J.A.1    Harbin, M.M.2    Berkeley, S.A.3    Burgess, G.H.4    Eklund, A.M.5    Findley, L.6    Gilmore, R.G.7
  • 39
    • 0000989180 scopus 로고
    • Sediment processing in a marine subtidal sandy bottom community. II. Biological consequences
    • Myers, A. C. 1977. Sediment processing in a marine subtidal sandy bottom community. II. Biological consequences. Journal of Marine Research 35:633-647.
    • (1977) Journal of Marine Research , vol.35 , pp. 633-647
    • Myers, A.C.1
  • 40
    • 32944470196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conditional outcomes of facilitation by a habitat-modifying subtidal bivalve
    • Norkko, A., J. E. Hewitt, S. F. Thrush, and G. A. Funnell. 2006. Conditional outcomes of facilitation by a habitat-modifying subtidal bivalve. Ecology 87:226-234.
    • (2006) Ecology , vol.87 , pp. 226-234
    • Norkko, A.1    Hewitt, J.E.2    Thrush, S.F.3    Funnell, G.A.4
  • 41
    • 0027950962 scopus 로고
    • Does recruitment limitation structure populations and communities of macroinvertebrates in marine soft sediments: The relative significance of pre- and post-settlement processes
    • Olafsson, E. B., C. H. Peterson, and W. G. J. Ambrose. 1994. Does recruitment limitation structure populations and communities of macroinvertebrates in marine soft sediments: the relative significance of pre- and post-settlement processes. Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual Review 32:65-109.
    • (1994) Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual Review , vol.32 , pp. 65-109
    • Olafsson, E.B.1    Peterson, C.H.2    Ambrose, W.G.J.3
  • 42
    • 0037102687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Illuminating the "black box": A randomization approach for understanding contributions in artificial neural networks
    • Olden, J. D., and D. A. Jackson. 2002. Illuminating the "black box": a randomization approach for understanding contributions in artificial neural networks. Ecological Modelling 154:135-150.
    • (2002) Ecological Modelling , vol.154 , pp. 135-150
    • Olden, J.D.1    Jackson, D.A.2
  • 43
    • 33747102371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rediscovering the species in community-wide predictive modeling
    • Olden, J. D., M. K. Joy, and R. G. Death. 2006. Rediscovering the species in community-wide predictive modeling. Ecological Applications 16:1449-1460.
    • (2006) Ecological Applications , vol.16 , pp. 1449-1460
    • Olden, J.D.1    Joy, M.K.2    Death, R.G.3
  • 44
    • 33646161221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalizability of artificial neural network models in ecological applications: Predicting nest occurrence and breeding success of the red-winged blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus
    • Ozesmi, U., C. O. Tan, S. L. Ozesmi, and R. J. Robertson. 2006. Generalizability of artificial neural network models in ecological applications: predicting nest occurrence and breeding success of the red-winged blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus. Ecological Modelling 195:94-104.
    • (2006) Ecological Modelling , vol.195 , pp. 94-104
    • Ozesmi, U.1    Tan, C.O.2    Ozesmi, S.L.3    Robertson, R.J.4
  • 45
    • 0000149002 scopus 로고
    • Food webs: Linkages, interaction strength and community infrastructure
    • Paine, R. T. 1980. Food webs: linkages, interaction strength and community infrastructure. Journal of Animal Ecology 49:667-685.
    • (1980) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.49 , pp. 667-685
    • Paine, R.T.1
  • 46
    • 0037034840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity-dependent production can decrease the stability of ecosystem functioning
    • Pfisterer, A. B., and B. Schmid. 2002. Diversity-dependent production can decrease the stability of ecosystem functioning. Nature 416:84-86.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.416 , pp. 84-86
    • Pfisterer, A.B.1    Schmid, B.2
  • 48
    • 0030472660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food web complexity and community dynamics
    • Polis, G. A., and D. R. Strong. 1996. Food web complexity and community dynamics. American Naturalist 147:813-846.
    • (1996) American Naturalist , vol.147 , pp. 813-846
    • Polis, G.A.1    Strong, D.R.2
  • 50
    • 33646791547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: Issues of scale and trophic complexity
    • Raffaelli, D. G. 2006. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: issues of scale and trophic complexity. Marine Ecology Progress Series 311:285-294.
    • (2006) Marine Ecology Progress Series , vol.311 , pp. 285-294
    • Raffaelli, D.G.1
  • 51
    • 0014899671 scopus 로고
    • The influence of deposit-feeding organisms on sediment stability and community trophic structure
    • Rhoads, D. C., and D. K. Young. 1970. The influence of deposit-feeding organisms on sediment stability and community trophic structure. Journal of Marine Research 28:150-178.
    • (1970) Journal of Marine Research , vol.28 , pp. 150-178
    • Rhoads, D.C.1    Young, D.K.2
  • 52
    • 0032741166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New Zealand climate: Temperature and precipitation variations and their links with atmospheric circulation 1930-1994
    • Salenger, M. J., and A. B. Mullen. 1999. New Zealand climate: temperature and precipitation variations and their links with atmospheric circulation 1930-1994. International Journal of Climatology 19:1049-1071.
    • (1999) International Journal of Climatology , vol.19 , pp. 1049-1071
    • Salenger, M.J.1    Mullen, A.B.2
  • 54
    • 33846828770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species in teractions reverse grassland responses to climate change
    • Suttle, K. B., M. A. Thomsen, and M. E. Power. 2007. Species in teractions reverse grassland responses to climate change. Science 315:640-642.
    • (2007) Science , vol.315 , pp. 640-642
    • Suttle, K.B.1    Thomsen, M.A.2    Power, M.E.3
  • 55
    • 0030621035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-scale, low-frequency oceanographic effects on kelp forest succession: A tale of two cohorts
    • Tegner, M. J., P. K. Dayton, P. B. Edwards, and K. L. Riser. 1997. Large-scale, low-frequency oceanographic effects on kelp forest succession: a tale of two cohorts. Marine Ecology Progress Series 146:117-134.
    • (1997) Marine Ecology Progress Series , vol.146 , pp. 117-134
    • Tegner, M.J.1    Dayton, P.K.2    Edwards, P.B.3    Riser, K.L.4
  • 56
    • 18044376855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex role of predators in structuring soft-sediment macrobenthic communities: Implications of changes in spatial scale of experimental studies
    • Thrush, S. F. 1999. Complex role of predators in structuring soft-sediment macrobenthic communities: implications of changes in spatial scale of experimental studies. Australian Journal of Ecology 24:344-354.
    • (1999) Australian Journal of Ecology , vol.24 , pp. 344-354
    • Thrush, S.F.1
  • 57
    • 0036914431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disturbance to marine benthic habitats by trawling and dredging: Implications for marine biodiversity
    • Thrush, S. F., and P. K. Dayton. 2002. Disturbance to marine benthic habitats by trawling and dredging: implications for marine biodiversity. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 33:449-473.
    • (2002) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics , vol.33 , pp. 449-473
    • Thrush, S.F.1    Dayton, P.K.2
  • 59
    • 0028180741 scopus 로고
    • Impacts on soft-sediment macrofauna: The effects of spatial variation on temporal trends
    • Thrush, S. F., R. D. Pridmore, and J. E. Hewitt. 1994a. Impacts on soft-sediment macrofauna: the effects of spatial variation on temporal trends. Ecological Applications 4:31-41.
    • (1994) Ecological Applications , vol.4 , pp. 31-41
    • Thrush, S.F.1    Pridmore, R.D.2    Hewitt, J.E.3
  • 60
    • 0028164133 scopus 로고
    • The importance of predators on a sandflat: Interplay between seasonal changes in prey densities and predator effects
    • Thrush, S. F., R. D. Pridmore, J. E. Hewitt, and V. J. Cummings. 1994b. The importance of predators on a sandflat: interplay between seasonal changes in prey densities and predator effects. Marine Ecology Progress Series 107:211-222.
    • (1994) Marine Ecology Progress Series , vol.107 , pp. 211-222
    • Thrush, S.F.1    Pridmore, R.D.2    Hewitt, J.E.3    Cummings, V.J.4
  • 61
    • 0030412095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scale-dependent recolonization: The role of sediment stability in a dynamic sandflat habitat
    • Thrush, S. F., R. B. Whitlatch, R. D. Pridmore, J. E. Hewitt, V. J. Cummings, and M. Maskery. 1996. Scale-dependent recolonization: the role of sediment stability in a dynamic sandflat habitat. Ecology 77:2472-2487.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 2472-2487
    • Thrush, S.F.1    Whitlatch, R.B.2    Pridmore, R.D.3    Hewitt, J.E.4    Cummings, V.J.5    Maskery, M.6
  • 62
    • 0030884843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Matching the outcome of small-scale density manipulation experiments with larger scale patterns: An example of bivalve adult/juvenile interactions
    • Thrush, S. F., V. J. Cummings, P. K. Dayton, R. Ford, J. Grant, J. E. Hewitt, A. H. Hines, et al. 1997. Matching the outcome of small-scale density manipulation experiments with larger scale patterns: an example of bivalve adult/juvenile interactions. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 216:153-170.
    • (1997) Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology , vol.216 , pp. 153-170
    • Thrush, S.F.1    Cummings, V.J.2    Dayton, P.K.3    Ford, R.4    Grant, J.5    Hewitt, J.E.6    Hines, A.H.7
  • 63
    • 0033936030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The generality of field experiments: Interactions between local and broad-scale processes
    • Thrush, S. F., J. E. Hewitt, V. J. Cummings, M. O. Green, G. A. Funnell, and M. R. Wilkinson. 2000. The generality of field experiments: interactions between local and broad-scale processes. Ecology 81:399-415.
    • (2000) Ecology , vol.81 , pp. 399-415
    • Thrush, S.F.1    Hewitt, J.E.2    Cummings, V.J.3    Green, M.O.4    Funnell, G.A.5    Wilkinson, M.R.6
  • 64
    • 33750254912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional role of large organisms in intertidal communities: Community effects and ecosystem function
    • Thrush, S. F., J. E. Hewitt, M. Gibbs, C. Lundquist, and A. Norkko. 2006. Functional role of large organisms in intertidal communities: community effects and ecosystem function. Ecosystems 9:1029-1040.
    • (2006) Ecosystems , vol.9 , pp. 1029-1040
    • Thrush, S.F.1    Hewitt, J.E.2    Gibbs, M.3    Lundquist, C.4    Norkko, A.5
  • 66
    • 30644461343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple explanation for universal scaling relations in food webs
    • van Veen, F. J. F., and D. J. Murrell. 2005. A simple explanation for universal scaling relations in food webs. Ecology 86:3258-3263.
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , pp. 3258-3263
    • van Veen, F.J.F.1    Murrell, D.J.2
  • 67
    • 0030538051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpretation and knowledge discovery from the multilayer perceptron network: Opening the black box
    • Vaughn, M. L. 1996. Interpretation and knowledge discovery from the multilayer perceptron network: opening the black box. Neural Computation and Application 4:72-82.
    • (1996) Neural Computation and Application , vol.4 , pp. 72-82
    • Vaughn, M.L.1
  • 70
    • 0025524907 scopus 로고
    • Competition and predation in marine soft-sediment communities
    • Wilson, W. H. 1991. Competition and predation in marine soft-sediment communities. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 21:221-241.
    • (1991) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics , vol.21 , pp. 221-241
    • Wilson, W.H.1
  • 71
    • 0001278454 scopus 로고
    • Disturbance and community structure in a shallow water sand flat
    • Woodin, S. A. 1981. Disturbance and community structure in a shallow water sand flat. Ecology 62:1052-1066.
    • (1981) Ecology , vol.62 , pp. 1052-1066
    • Woodin, S.A.1
  • 72
    • 0028176218 scopus 로고
    • Predicting direct and indirect effects: An integrated approach using experiments and path analysis
    • Wootton, J. T. 1994. Predicting direct and indirect effects: an integrated approach using experiments and path analysis. Ecology 75:151-165.
    • (1994) Ecology , vol.75 , pp. 151-165
    • Wootton, J.T.1
  • 74
    • 0033574013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity and ecosystem productivity in a fluctuating environment: The insurance hypothesis
    • Yachi, S., and M. Loreau. 1999. Biodiversity and ecosystem productivity in a fluctuating environment: the insurance hypothesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 96:1463.
    • (1999) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA , vol.96 , pp. 1463
    • Yachi, S.1    Loreau, M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.