Adaptive load sharing for network processors

IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking

Volumn 16, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 293-306

  Kencl, Lukas ^a   Le Boudec, Jean Yves ^b  

^a CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE   (Czech Republic)

^b EPFL   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Computer networks; Feedback control; Load balancing; Load sharing; Packet processing; Router architecture

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER SIMULATION; FEEDBACK CONTROL; OPTIMIZATION; PROBABILITY; ROUTERS; ROUTING PROTOCOLS; TELECOMMUNICATION TRAFFIC;

HASH ROUTING; IDENTIFIER VECTOR; LOAD SHARING;

PACKET NETWORKS;

EID: 42549109956     PISSN: 10636692     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TNET.2007.909839     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. A. Asthana, C. Delph, H. V. Jagadish, and P. Krzyzanowski, "Towards a gigabit IP router," J. High Speed Netw., vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 281-288, 1992.
2. "AIX-MAE West Interconnection at NASA Ames OC-3 Trace," National Laboratory for Applied Network Research (NLANR), Mar. 19, 2000 [Online]. Available: http://www.moat.nlanr.net/PMA/
3. G. Barish and K. Obraczka, "World Wide Web caching: Trends and techniques," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 178-184, May 2000.
4. J. Bennett, C. Partridge, and N. Shectman, "Packet reordering is not pathological network behavior," IEEE ACM Trans. Networking, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 789-798, Dec. 1999.
5. H. C. B. Chan, H. M. Alnuweiri, and V. C. M. Leung, "A framework for optimizing the cost and performance of next-generation IP routers," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 1013-1029, Jun. 1999.
6. "Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF)," Cisco Systems, White Paper, 1997 [Online]. Available: http://www.cisco.com
7. H. J. Chao, "Next generation routers," Proc. IEEE, vol. 90, no. 9, pp. 1518-1558, Sep. 2002.
8. T. L. Casavant and J. G. Kuhl, "A taxonomy of scheduling in general-purpose distributed computing systems," IEEE Trans. Software Eng., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 141-154, Feb. 1988.
9. M. Crovella, M. Taqqu, and A. Bestavros, "Heavy-tailed probability distributions in the World Wide Web," in A practical Guide to Heavy Tails. New York: Chapman & Hall, 1998, ch. 1, pp. 3-26.
10. Z. Cao, Z. Wang, and E. W. Zegura, "Performance of hashing-bassed schemes for internet load balancing," in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, 2000, pp. 332-341.
11. M. Degermark, A. Brodnik, S. Carlsson, and S. Pink, "Small forwarding tables for fast routing lookups," ACM Comput. Commun. Rev., vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 3-14, Oct. 1997.
12. C. Partridge et al., "A filly gigabit per second IP router," IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 237-248, Jun. 1998.
13. F. Baker, Ed., "Requirements for IP Version 4 routers," IETF RFC 1812, Jun 1995.
14. D. L. Eager, E. D. Lazowska, and J. Zahorjan, "Adaptive load sharing in homogenous distributed systems," IEEE Trans. Software Eng., vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 662-675, May 1986.
15. H. El-Rewini, H. H. Ali, and T. Lewis, "Task scheduling in multiprocessing systems," IEEE Computer, vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 27-37, Dec. 1995.
16. G. C. Fedorkow, "Cisco 10000 Edge Services Router (ESR) Technology Overview," 2000 [Online]. Available: http://www.cisco.com
17. G. Goldszmidt and G. Hunt, "Scaling Internet services by dynamic allocation of connections," in Proc. 6th IFIP/IEEE Int. Symp. Integrated Network Management, May 1999, pp. 171-184.
18. R. Jain, The Art of Computer Systems Performance Analysis. New York: Wiley, 1991.
19. A. Jayasumana, "Reorder density and reorder buffer-occupancy density metrics for packet reordering measurements," Internet Draft draft-jaya- sumana-reorder-density-06.txt, 2006.
20. V. P. Kumar, T. V. Lakshman, and D. Stilliadis, "Beyond best effort: Router architectures for the differentiated services of tomorrow's Internet," IEEE Commun. Mag., pp. 152-164, May 1998.
21. D. E. Knuth, Sorting and Searching, The Art of Computer Programming 2nd ed. Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1998, vol. 3.
22. O. G. Koufopavlou, A. N. Tantawy, and M. Zitterbart, "Analysis of TCP/IP for high performance parallel implementations," presented at the 17th IEEE Conf. Local Computer Networks, Minneapolis, MN, Sep. 1992.
23. T. Kunz, "The influence of different workload descriptions on a heuristic load balancing scheme," IEEE Trans. Software Eng., vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 725-730, Jul. 1991.
24. A. Morton, L. Ciavattone, G. Ramachandran, S. Shalunov, and J. Perser, "Packet reordering metric for IPPM," Internet Draft draft-ietf-ippm-reordering-13.txt, 2006.
25. K. McCloghrie and M. T. Rose, "Management information base for network management of TCP/IP-Based Internets: MIB-II," IETF RFC 1213, Mar. 1991.
26. Juniper Networks, Product Portfolio. [Online]. Available: www.juniper.net/products/
27. S. Nilsson and G. Karlsson, "Fast address lookup for Internet router," in Proc. IFIP 4th Int. Conf. Broadband Communications, 1998, pp. 11-22.
28. "WAN Traffic Distribution by Address Size, Fix-West Trace," National Laboratory for Applied Network Research (NLANR), May 1997 [Online]. Available: http://www.nlanr.net/NA/Learn/Class
29. M. Przybylski, B. Belter, and A. Binczewski, "Shall we worry about packect reordering?," in TERENA Networking Conf., Poznan, Poland, Jun. 2005.
30. R. Russo, L. Kencl, B. Metzler, and P. Droz, "Scalable and adaptive load balancing on IBM PowerNP" IBM Zurich Research Lab., Research Report RZ 3431, Jul. 2002.
31. K. W. Ross, "Hash routing for collections of shared web caches," IEEE Network, vol. 11. no. 6, pp. 37-44, Nov.-Dec. 1997.
32. C. Semeria, "Internet backbone routers and evolving Internet design," Juniper Networks White Paper, Sep. 1999 [Online]. Available: http://www.juniper.net
33. B. A. Shirazi, A. R. Hurson, and K. M. Kavi, Eds., Scheduling and Load Balancing in Parallel and Distributed Systems. New York: IEEE Computer Soc. Press, 1995.
34. W. Shi, M. H. MacGregor, and P. Gburzynski, "Load balancing for parallel forwarding," IEEE ACM Trans. Networking, vol. 13, no. 4, 2005.
35. A. Shaikh, J. Rexford, and K. G. Shin, "Load-sensitive routing of long-lived IP flows," in ACM SIGCOMM'99, Cambridge, MA, Sep. 1999.
36. Routers for Service Providers. Cisco Systems [Online]. Available: http:// www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/
37. K. Thompson, G. J. Miller, and R. Wilder, "Wide-area Internet traffic patterns and characteristics," IEEE Network, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 10-27, Nov.-Dec. 1997.
38. D. G. Thaler and C. V. Ravishankar, "Using name-based mappings to increase hit rates," IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1-14, Feb. 1998.
39. J. Turner and T. Wolf, "Design issues for high performance active routers," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 404-409, Mar. 2001.
40. A. Tantawy and M. Zitterbart, "Multiprocessing in high performance IP routers," in 3rd IFIP WG 6.1/6.4 Workshop on Protocols for High Speed Networks, Stockholm, Sweden, May 1992.
41. Y. Zhang. L. Breslau, V. Paxson, and S. Shenker, "On the characteristics and origins of Internet flow rates," in ACM SIGCOMM'02, Pittsburgh, PA, Aug. 2002.
42. G. K. Zipf, Human Behavior and the Principle of Least-Effort. Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1949.
43. H. Zhu, T. Yang, Q. Zheng, D. Watson, O. H. Ibarra, and T. Smith, "Adaptive load sharing for clustered digital library servers," in Proc. 7th Int. Symp. High Performance Distributed Computing, Jul. 1998, pp. 235-242.