Urinary tract infection in the renal transplant patient

Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology

Volumn 4, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 252-264

  De Souza, Ruth M ^a   Olsburgh, Jonathon ^b  

^a King's College

^b GUY S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bacteremia; Kidney; Pyelonephritis; Transplantation

Indexed keywords

AMINOGLYCOSIDE; AMPHOTERICIN; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; ANTISCHISTOSOMAL AGENT; AZATHIOPRINE; CEPHALOSPORIN; CIDOFOVIR; CIPROFLOXACIN; COTRIMOXAZOLE; CYCLOSPORIN A; FLUCONAZOLE; FOSFOMYCIN; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; LEFLUNOMIDE; OFLOXACIN; OXAMNIQUINE; PENICILLIN G; PRAZIQUANTEL; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; STEROID;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CRANBERRY JUICE; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG ANTAGONISM; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; DRUG TARGETING; GRAFT SURVIVAL; HUMAN; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; KIDNEY ALLOGRAFT; KIDNEY GRAFT REJECTION; KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION; LOADING DRUG DOSE; LONG TERM EXPOSURE; MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION; MYCOSIS; NEPHRECTOMY; NEPHROSTOMY; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SCHISTOSOMIASIS; SINGLE DRUG DOSE; SURVIVAL RATE; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; URETER STENT; URETHRAL CATHETER; URINARY TRACT INFECTION; VIRUS INFECTION;

ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS, URINARY; FEMALE; GRAFT REJECTION; GRAFT SURVIVAL; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; KIDNEY FAILURE, CHRONIC; KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION; MALE; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; PROGNOSIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; SURVIVAL RATE; URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS;

EID: 42549097578     PISSN: 17458323     EISSN: 17458331     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/ncpneph0781     Document Type: Review

References (79)

1. Alangaden GJ et al. (2006) Infectious complications after kidney transplantation: current epidemiology and associated risk factors. Clin Transplant 20: 401-409
2. Dantas SR et al. (2006) Nosocomial infections in renal transplant patients: risk factors and treatment implications associated with urinary tract and surgical site infections. J Hosp Infect 63: 117-123
3. Valera B et al. (2006) Epidemiology of urinary infections in renal transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 38: 2414-2415
4. Burgos Revilla FJ et al. (1999) Renal transplantation and urinary infection: review [Spanish]. Actas Urol Esp 23: 95-104
5. Prát V et al. (1985) Urinary tract infection in renal transplant patients. Infection 13: 207-210
6. Wagener MM and Yu VL (1992) Bacteremia in transplant recipients: a prospective study of demographics, etiologic agents, risk factors, and outcomes. Am J Infect Control 20: 239-247
7. Renoult E et al. (1992) Urinary tract infections during the 1st month after kidney transplantation [French]. Agressologie 33: 147-150
8. Senger SS et al. (2007) Urinary tract infections in renal transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 39: 1016-1017
9. Muñoz P (2001) Management of urinary tract infections and lymphocele in renal transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis 33 (Suppl 1): S53-S57
10. Abbott KC et al. (2004) Late urinary tract infection after renal transplantation in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis 44: 353-362
11. Abbott KC et al. (2001) Hospitalizations for bacterial septicemia after renal transplantation in the United States. Am J Nephrol 21: 120-127
12. Foley RN et al. (2004) Septicemia in the United States dialysis population, 1991 to 1999. J Am Soc Nephrol 15: 1038-1045
13. Brennan DC et al. (2006) Rabbit antithymocyte globulin versus basiliximab in renal transplantation. N Engl J Med 355: 1967-1977
14. Stamm WE (1991) Catheter-associated urinary tract infections: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and prevention. Am J Med 91 (Suppl 2): S65-S71
15. Rabkin DG et al. (1998) Early catheter removal decreases incidence of urinary tract infections in renal transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 30: 4314-4316
16. Brosnahan J et al. Types of urethral catheters for management of short-term voiding problems in hospitalised adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD004013. doi:10.1002/14651858. CD004013.pub2
17. Anderson GG et al. (2003) Intracellular bacterial biofilm-like pods in urinary tract infections. Science 301: 105-107
18. Kucheria R et al. (2004) Urinary tract infections: advances and new therapies. BJU Int 93: 690-691
19. Wilson CH et al. Routine intraoperative ureteric stenting for kidney transplant recipients. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD004925. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004925.pub2
20. Casale P et al. (2005) Recurrent urinary tract infection in the post-transplant reflux nephropathy patient: is reflux in the native ureter the culprit? Pediatr Transplant 9: 324-327
21. Pellé G et al. (2007) Acute pyelonephritis represents a risk factor impairing long-term kidney graft function. Am J Transplant 7: 899-907
22. Bantar C et al. (1993) Clinical, epidemiologic, and microbiologic study of urinary infection in patients with renal transplant at a specialized center in Argentina [Spanish]. Arch Esp Urol 46: 473-477
23. Rodman JS (1999) Struvite stones. Nephron 81 (Suppl 1): S50-S59
24. Goya N et al. (1997) Prevalence of urinary tract infection during outpatient follow-up after renal transplantation. Infection 25: 101-105
25. Dadhania D et al. (2003) Molecular signatures of urinary cells distinguish acute rejection of renal allografts from urinary tract infection. Transplantation 75: 1752-1754
26. John U et al. (2006) High prevalence of febrile urinary tract infections after paediatric renal transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 21: 3269-3274
27. Krcmery S et al. (1999) Fungal urinary tract infections in patients at risk. Int J Antimicrob Agents 11: 289-291
28. Hirsch HH (2002) Polyomavirus BK nephropathy: a (re-)emerging complication in renal transplantation. Am J Transplant 2: 25-30
29. Giral M et al. (2002) Acute graft pyelonephritis and long-term kidney allograft outcome. Kidney Int 61: 1880-1886
30. Sobh MA et al. (1992) Impact of schistosomiasis on patient and graft outcome after kidney transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 7: 858-864
31. Mahmoud KM et al. (2001) Impact of schistosomiasis on patient and graft outcome after renal transplantation: 10 years' follow-up. Nephrol Dial Transplant 16: 2214-2221
32. Van der Weide MJ et al. (2006) Lower urinary tract symptoms after renal transplantation in children. J Urol 175: 297-302
33. Herthelius M and Oborn H (2007) Urinary tract infections and bladder dysfunction after renal transplantation in children. J Urol 177: 1883-1886
34. Dunn SP et al. (1987) Pyelonephritis following pediatric renal transplant: increased incidence with vesicoureteral reflux. J Pediatr Surg 22: 1095-1099
35. Basiri A et al. (2006) Does pre-transplantation antireflux surgery eliminate post-renal transplantation pyelonephritis in children? J Urol 175: 1490-1492
36. Dharnidharka VR et al. (2007) Effects of urinary tract infection on outcomes after renal transplantation in children. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2: 100-106
37. Sadeghi M et al. (2005) Strong inflammatory cytokine response in male and strong anti-inflammatory response in female kidney transplant recipients with urinary tract infection. Transpl Int 18: 177-185
38. Fowlis GA et al. (1994) The cost effectiveness of combined rapid tests (Multistix) in screening for urinary tract infections. JR Soc Med 87: 681-682
39. Hariharan S (2006) BK virus nephritis after renal transplantation. Kidney Int 69: 655-662
40. Gonzalez-Michaca L et al. (2000) Percutaneous kidney biopsy, analysis of 26 years: complication rate and risk factors [Spanish]. Rev Invest Clin 52: 125-131
41. Naber KG et al. (2006) Section 4. In European Association of Urology Guidelines on the management of Urinary and Male Genital Tract Infections 2006, 52-63. Amsterdam: Elsevier
42. Vogt P et al. (1988) Ofloxacin in the treatment of urinary tract infection in renal transplant recipients. Infection 16: 175-178
43. Grekas D et al. (1993) Treatment of urinary tract infections with ciprofloxacin after renal transplantation. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 31: 309-311
44. Lazinska B et al. (2005) Bacteriological urinalysis in patients after renal transplantation. Pol J Microbiol 54: 317-321
45. Schwab SJ et al. (1987) Renal infection in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Am J Med 82: 714-718
46. Jepson RG et al. Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD001321. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001321.pub4
47. Raz R et al. (2004) Cranberry juice and urinary tract infection. Clin Infect Dis 38: 1413-1419
48. Raz R and Stamm WE (1993) A controlled trial of intravaginal estriol in postmenopausal women with recurrent urinary tract infections. N Engl J Med 329: 753-756
49. Boedeker KS and Kilzer WJ (2001) Fluconazole dose recommendation in urinary tract infection. Ann Pharmacother 35: 369-372
50. Siu YP et al. (2004) Successful kidney retransplantation in a patient with previous allograft kidney tuberculosis. Transpl Infect Dis 6: 132-135
51. Rice JC et al. (2006) Renal allograft injury is associated with urinary tract infection caused by Escherichia coli bearing adherence factors. Am J Transplant 6: 2375-2383
52. Ciszek M et al. (2006) Urine cytokines profile in renal transplant patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria. Transplantation 81: 1653-1657
53. Valente JF et al. (2003) Comparison of sirolimus vs. mycophenolate mofetil on surgical complications and wound healing in adult kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant 3: 1128-1134
54. Rozanski J et al. (2005) Pretransplant nephrectomy in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Transplant Proc 37: 666-668
55. Khosroshahi HT et al. (2006) Efficacy of high-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazol prophylaxis on early urinary tract infection after renal transplantation. Transplant Proc 38: 2062-2064
56. Tolkoff-Rubin NE et al. (1982) A controlled study of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis of urinary tract infection in renal transplant recipients. Rev Infect Dis 4: 614-618
57. Kaminska W et al. (2002) Urinary tract infections caused by endemic multi-resistant Enterobacter cloacae in a dialysis and transplantation unit. J Hosp Infect 51: 215-220
58. Zárate G and Nader-Macias ME (2006) Influence of probiotic vaginal lactobacilli on in vitro adhesion of urogenital pathogens to vaginal epithelial cells. Lett Appl Microbiol 43: 174-180
59. Osset J et al. (2001) Assessment of the capacity of Lactobacillus to inhibit the growth of uropathogens and block their adhesion to vaginal epithelial cells. J Infect Dis 183: 485-491
60. Uehara S et al. (2006) A pilot study evaluating the safety and effectiveness of Lactobacillus vaginal suppositories in patients with recurrent urinary tract infection. Int J Antimicrob Agents 28 (Suppl 1): S30-S34
61. Rayes N et al. (2005) Supply of pre- and probiotics reduces bacterial infection rates after liver transplantation-a randomized, double-blind trial. Am J Transplant 5: 125-130
62. Lee SJ et al. (2007) Probiotics prophylaxis in children with persistent primary vesicoureteral reflux. Pediatr Nephrol 22: 1315-1320
63. Land MH et al. (2005) Lactobacillus sepsis associated with probiotic therapy. Pediatrics 115: 178-181
64. Nicolle LE et al. (2005) Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults. Clin Infect Dis 40: 643-654
65. Olszyna DP et al. (2001) Urine interleukin-8 is a marker for urinary tract infection in postoperative patients. Infection 29: 274-277
66. Boelke E et al. (2001) Urinary endotoxin excretion and urinary tract infection following kidney transplantation. Transpl Int 14: 307-310
67. Blazik M et al. (2005) Leukocyte phenotype and function predicts infection risk in renal transplant recipients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 20: 2226-2230
68. Yannaraki M et al. (2006) Urinary cytotoxic molecular markers for a noninvasive diagnosis in acute renal transplant rejection. Transpl Int 19: 759-768
69. Smith SD et al. (2000) Temporal changes of cytokines and nitric oxide products in urine from renal transplant patients. Kidney Int 58: 829-837
70. Light JA et al. (1980) Serum beta-2-microglobulin: an adjunctive monitoring test in renal transplantation. Proc Clin Dial Transplant Forum 10: 67-73
71. Alexopoulos E et al. (1985) Urinary tract infections after renal transplantation. Drugs Exp Clin Res 11: 101-105
72. Kuriyama M et al. (1991) Urinary tract infections after kidney transplantation [Japanese]. Hinyokika Kiyo 37: 1173-1179
73. Takai K et al. (1998) Urinary tract infections following renal transplantation. Clin Transplant 12: 19-23
74. Lyerová L et al. (2001) Urinary tract infection in patients with urological complications after renal transplantation with respect to long-term function and allograft survival. Ann Transplant 6: 19-20
75. Kass EH (1956) Asymptomatic infections of the urinary tract. Trans Assoc Am Physicians 69: 56-64
76. Stamm WE (1988) Protocol for diagnosis of urinary tract infection: reconsidering the criterion for significant bacteriuria. Urology 32 (Suppl 2): S6-S12
77. Lansang MC et al. (2006) The relationship between diabetes and infectious hospitalizations in renal transplant recipients. Diabetes Care 29: 1659-1660
78. Grenier J et al. (2006) Pomelo juice, but not cranberry juice, affects the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 79: 255-262
79. Kaim AH et al. (2001) PET-CT-guided percutaneous puncture of an infected cyst in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: case report. Radiology 221: 818-821