Secularisation and the ministry of John R. W. Stott at all souls, langham place, 1950-1970

Journal of Ecclesiastical History

Volumn 56, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 496-513

  Chapman, Alister ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 42449136748     PISSN: 00220469     EISSN: 14697637     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0022046905004288     Document Type: Review

References (134)

1. Dean M. Kelley, Why conservative churches are growing: a study in the sociology of religion, New York 1972. For introductory reflections on the importance of religion in contemporary global politics Samuel Huntington, The clash of civilizations and the remaking of the world order, New York 1996. sociology of religion, New York 1972. For introductory reflections on the importance of religion in contemporary global politics see Samuel Huntington, The clash of civilizations and the remaking of the world order, New York 1996
2. See, for example, Kelley, Conservative churches; Steve Bruce, God is dead: secularization in the west, Oxford 2002, 30-7
3. and Christian Smith and others, American evangelicalism: embattled and thriving, Chicago 1998
4. For broadly-based studies see, for example, Gilles Kepel, The revenge of the modern world God: the resurgence of Islam, Christianity and Judaism in the modern world, trans. Alan Braley, Cambridge 1994
5. David Martinentecostalism: the world their parish, Oxford 2002
6. and Rodney Stark and Roger Finke, Acts of faith: explaining the human side of religion, Berkeley, CA 2000
7. Joseph B. Tamney, The resilience of conservative religion: the case of conservative Protestant congregations popular, conservative Protestant congregations, Cambridge 2002
8. Paul Chambers, ' Factors in church growth and decline (with reference to secularization the secularization thesis', unpubl. PhD diss. University of Wales, Swansea 1999
9. Alan B. Bartlett, 'The churches in Bermondsey, 1880-1939', unpubl. PhD diss. Birmingham 1987. Clyde Binfieldastors and people: the biography of a Baptist church, Queen's Road, Coventry, Coventry 1984, diss. Birmingham 1987. See also Clyde Binfieldastors and people: the biography of a Baptist church, Queen's Road, Coventry, Coventry 1984
10. and David W. Bebbington, A history of Queensberry Street Baptist Church Old Basford, Nottingham, Nottingham 1977
11. For existing studies on conservative Protestantism in modern Britain see especially David W. Bebbington, Evangelicalism in modem Britain: a history from the 1730s to the 1980s, London 1989; especially David W. Bebbington, Evangelicalism in modem Britain: a history from the 1730s to the 1980s, London 1989
12. John Brencher, Martyn Lloyd-Jones {1899-1981) and twentieth-century Carlisle evangelicalism, Carlisle 2002
13. David Goodhew, 'The rise of the Cambridge Inter-Collegiate Christian Union, 1910-71', this JOURNAL liv (2003), 62-88
14. Ian Randall, Evangelical experiences: a study in the spirituality of evangelicalism English evangelicalism, 1918-39, Carlisle 1999
15. and Andrew Walker, Restoring the kingdom: the radical Christianity of the movement house church movement, London 1985
16. Callum Brown, for example, has challenged secularisation theory with reference to the Victorian period and yet also has argued that secularisation in Britain can be dated precisely from the 1960s: 'A revisionist approach to religious change', in Steve Bruce (ed.), Religion and modernization: sociologists and historians debate the secularization thesis, Oxford 1992, 31-58, and The death of Christian Britain: understanding secularisation, 1800-2000, London 2001assim. Steve Brace's provides a very useful introduction to some of the debates surrounding the secularisation thesis. Grace Davie has suggested limitations to secularisation theory as applied to postwar Britain: Religion in Britain since 1945: believing without belonging, Oxford 1994. reference to the Victorian period and yet also has argued that secularisation in Britain can be dated precisely from the 1960s: 'A revisionist approach to religious change', in Steve Bruce (ed.), Religion and modernization: sociologists and historians debate the secularization thesis, Oxford 1992, 31-58, and The death of Christian Britain: understanding secularisation, 1800-2000, London 2001assim. Steve Brace's volume provides a very useful introduction to some of the debates surrounding the secularisation thesis. Grace Davie has suggested limitations to secularisation theory as applied to postwar Britain: Religion in Britain since 1945: believing without belonging, Oxford 1994
17. See especially Bryan Wilson, Religion in secular society, London 1966
18. David Edwards with John Stott, Essentials: a Liberal-Evangelical dialogue, London 1988, 1. dialogue, London 1988, 1
19. See, for example, David Winter, 'Keele calling', Crusade (Apr. 1967), 14
20. cf. Michael Smout, 'What is an evangelical Anglican?', in Eddie Neale Michael Smout, Colin Bedford and Dick Williams, 77 Notts untied, London 1977, 34
21. and Clifford Longley, 'Rise of evangelicals brings liberal challenge' The Times, 5 Dec. 1977, 16. For Stott's publications Timothy Dudley-Smith, John Stolt: a comprehensive bibliography, Leicester 1995. The Times, 5 Dec. 1977, 16. For Stott's publications see Timothy Dudley-Smith, John Stolt: a comprehensive bibliography, Leicester 1995
22. For comments by historians on Stott's significance see Adrian Hastings, A history of English Christianity, 1920-2000, 4th edn, London 2001, 455, 615-16
23. Paul A. Welsby, A history of the Church of England, 1945-80, Oxford 1994 213
24. and Mark Ellingsen, The evangelical movement: growth, impact controversy, dialog, Minneapolis 1988, 118. The most insightful of the unpublished theses is Per-Axel Sverker, 'Bible and Gospel in John Stott's theology', unpubl. Teol. D diss. Lund 1999. Matti Mäkejä, Mission according to John R. W. Stott: a study with special reference to ecumenicals and evangelicals, Abo 1999. For the authorised biography Timothy Dudley-Smith, John Stott: the making of a leader, Leicester 1999, and John Stott: a global ministry, Leicester 2001. controversy, dialog, Minneapolis 1988, 118. The most insightful of the unpublished theses is Per-Axel Sverker, '"Bible" and "Gospel" in John Stott's theology', unpubl. Teol. D diss. Lund 1999. See also Matti Mäkejä, Mission according to John R. W. Stott: a study with special reference to ecumenicals and evangelicals, Abo 1999. For the authorised biography see Timothy Dudley-Smith, John Stott: the making of a leader, Leicester 1999, and John Stott: a global ministry, Leicester 2001
25. Goodhew, 'Cambridge Inter-Collegiate Christian Union', 62-77
26. For details see Dudley-Smith, Making of a leader, 243-4
27. For details on the history of All Souls see the church's publication Luker, All Souls Langham Place: a history, London 1979. Raymond Luker, All Souls Langham Place: a history, London 1979
28. On All Souls see John Summerson, The life and work of John Nash architect, London 1980, 76-7, 112, 139
29. First report of ihe Commissioners of His Majesty's Woods, Forests, and Land RevenuesP 1812, xii. 357; Land RevenuesP 1812, xii. 357
30. and Report from the Select Committee on the Office of Public Works and Public BuildingsP 1828, iv. 446. Public BuildingsP 1828, iv. 446
31. See Douglas Johnson, Contending for the faith: a history of the universities and colleges evangelical movement in the universities and colleges, Leicester 1979, 354
32. See the statistics in the annual editions of the London diocese book. No electoral roll figures are provided for 1941-8, but it is unlikely that they were higher during these yearsarticularly given that the figure for 1949 was significantly lower than that for 1941. Earnshaw Smith was rector of All Souls from 1936 to 1950. electoral roll figures are provided for 1941-8, but it is unlikely that they were higher during these yearsarticularly given that the figure for 1949 was significantly lower than that for 1941. Earnshaw Smith was rector of All Souls from 1936 to 1950
33. See, especially, 'Annual church meeting and Easter vestry, 1931-1973' P89/ALS/192, 184-5. LMA89/ALS/192, 184-5
34. Stott, 'Editorial letter', All Souls, Monthly Notes (Sept. 1950), 5. The All Souls parish magazine was called Monthly Notes until the end of 1950, after which time it became known as All Souls. All Souls parish magazine was called Monthly Notes until the end of 1950, after which time it became known as All Souls
35. Idem, 'A five-point manifesto', All Souls, Monthly Notes (July 1950), 7
36. See David Fletcher, 'The prayer warrior', in John Eddison (ed.), Bash: a study in spiritual power, Basingstoke 1983, 63
37. On the evangelistic methods of Finney and Torrey see William J McLoughlin, Jr, Modern revivalism: Charles Crandison Finney to Billy Graham, New York 1959, 94-9, 364-74
38. and Richard Carwardine, Trans-Atlantic revivalism: popular evangelicalism 1790-1865 in Britain and America, 1790-1865, Westport, Conn. 1978, 190
39. For Nash's relationship to Torrey see Michael Green, 'The theologian', in 28. On the use of Finney in the training of Scripture Union workers see Patricia St John Eddison, Bash, 124-5, and D-S transcripts, tape 14, 28. On the use of Finney in the training of Scripture Union workers see Patricia St John, R. Hudson Pope, London 1967, 91
40. See D-S transcripts, tape 2, 41, and John Stott, 'The church's continuing mission in the parish', in The Church extends her frontiers: the 121st Islington clerical conference, January 1955, London 1955. 54. mission in the parish', in The Church extends her frontiers: the 121st Islington clerical conference, January 1955, London 1955. 54
41. Oliver Barclay, Whatever happened to the Jesus Lane lot?, Leicester 1977 127
42. John Stott, Basic Christianity, London 1958, 7
43. See minutes of the Inter-Varsity Fellowship's Biblical Research especially 27 Oct. 1938, 6 Jan., 4 Apr. 1944, 4Jan. 1945, Tyndale House, Cambridge. Committee, especially 27 Oct. 1938, 6 Jan., 4 Apr. 1944, 4Jan. 1945, Tyndale House, Cambridge
44. For more on Lewis's apologetic see John Beversluis, C. S. Lewis and the search for rational religion, Grand Rapids, Mich. 1985. search for rational religion, Grand Rapids, Mich. 1985
45. Hastings, A history of English Christianity, 491-5
46. See D-S transcripts, tape 5, 24
47. Stott, 'The church's continuing mission in the parish', 54
48. Ibid
49. Idem, 'The rector's letter', All Souls (Apr. i960), 10
50. For the number of inhabitants in the parish see Crockford's clerical directory, 1959-60, Oxford 1960, 1626. directory, 1959-60, Oxford 1960, 1626
51. 'Commissioned worker statistics', All Souls (Feb. 1958), 17
52. John Stott, 'The rector's letter', All Souls (Jan. 1951), 7
53. 'Life or death', Monthly Notes (Apr. 1947), 13
54. 'A five-point manifesto', 7
55. 'Editorial letter', 5-6
56. and 'Training School', Monthly Notes (Oct. 1950,) 8
57. 'The rector's letter', All Souls (Apr. 1951), 5
58. and 'The rector's letter', All Souls (July 1952), 7
59. Towards the conversion of England, London 1945
60. John Stottarochial evangelism by the laity, London 1952, 8
61. See, for example, Stott, travel diaries, 1958, entry for 4June, John office, London. 'Parish of St. Mary the Virgin Islington, minute book of the parochial church meeting and the parochial church council, no. 2', 18 July 1952, is July 1954, 11 Oct 1960, St Mary's Church, Islington. Cyril Blunden book, starting 25 June 1955, no. 52, St Mary's Church, Islington. For more general comments Dudley-Smith, Making of a leader, 281-9. Stott's office, London. See also 'Parish of St. Mary the Virgin Islington, minute book of the parochial church meeting and the parochial church council, no. 2', 18 July 1952, is July 1954, 11 Oct 1960, St Mary's Church, Islington. See also Cyril Blunden book, starting 25 June 1955, no. 52, St Mary's Church, Islington. For more general comments see Dudley-Smith, Making of a leader, 281-9
62. See London diocese book, and LMA89/ALS/192
63. See '"All Souls" Langham Place register of services', LMA students at All Souls see Stott, 'The rector's letter' P89/ALS/190; P89/ALS/191. On students at All Souls see Stott, 'The rector's letter', All Souls (July 1953), 10
64. 'Confirmation register, All Souls', Langham Place', 1926-70, LMA P89/ALS/188. P89/ALS/188
65. In particular, the power to control tightly who could enter and who could remain in the church of which Kelley speaks was virtually impossible for All Souls or any other Anglican church: Kelley, Conservative churches, 120-5. For useful summaries of the ideas of cultural defence and cultural transition Bruce, God is dead, 30-7. remain in the church of which Kelley speaks was virtually impossible for All Souls or any other Anglican church: Kelley, Conservative churches, 120-5. For useful summaries of the ideas of cultural defence and cultural transition see Bruce, God is dead, 30-7
66. Smith suggests that fundamentalism has the former, but fails to do the latter, while more liberal Protestants do the latter but fail to be persuasive on the former: Smith and others, American evangelicalism, 118-50. latter, while more liberal Protestants do the latter but fail to be persuasive on the former: Smith and others, American evangelicalism, 118-50
67. Tamney, The resilience of conservative religion, esp. pp. 227-47
68. See, for example, 'The rector's letter', All Souls (July 1952), 7
69. 'All Souls Rectory', ibid. (Sept. 1955), 10-11
70. 'The rector's letter', ibid. (Nov. 1966), 8
71. 'The rector's letter', ibid. (Nov. 1967), 8-9
72. and 'The rector's letter', ibid. (Sept. 1968), 8-9
73. See Michael Baughen, 'The vicar's letter', ibid. (July 1972, 8), and from number twelve', ibid. (July 1973), 8-9. 'News from number twelve', ibid. (July 1973), 8-9
74. See John Stott, Fundamentalism and evangelism, London 1956, and Issues Christians today, Basingstoke 1984. For a good introduction to the nature of fundamentalist religion Steve Bruce, Fundamentalism, Cambridge 2000. facing Christians today, Basingstoke 1984. For a good introduction to the nature of fundamentalist religion see Steve Bruce, Fundamentalism, Cambridge 2000
75. See John Stott, 'Rekindling the inner fire', All Souls (Jan. 1960), 12-14
76. 'The rector's letter', ibid. (Feb. i960), 10-11
77. 'The rector's letter', ibid. (Mar. i960), 10-11
78. 'The promise is to you', ibid. (July i960), 11-14
79. 'The paroxysm of Paul', ibid. (Nov. 1962), 12-14
80. 'The rector's letter', ibid. (June 1968), 8
81. and 'The rector's letter', ibid. (Mar. 1970), 8-9
82. LMA89/ALS/190-2; P89/ALS/188
83. Stott, 'Rekindling the inner fire', 12-13
84. See ibid.; 'The rector's letter', All Souls (June 1960), 10
85. 'The paroxysm of Paul', and 'The rector's letter', ibid. (May 1963) 10-11; 10-11
86. and 'The greater ministry of the spirit', ibid. (July 1963), 12-14
87. 'All Souls with St. Peter and Stjohn, St Marylebone, minutes of the proceedings of the parochial church council proceedings of the parochial church council', 20July 1967-3 July 1974, LMA89/ALS/194, 47-8
88. See, for example, Hugh Gough, 'Modern trends in evangelism', in The Church extends her frontiers, 40
89. editorial, The Churchman lix (1955), 3-4
90. editorial, ibid. 195; 'Islington conference sounds call to evangelism - Bishop of Barking defends Billy Graham's gospel', Church of England Newspaper, I4 Jan. 1955, 3; and editorial, 'Islington', ibid. 16 Jan 1959, 6. Bishop of Barking defends Billy Graham's gospel', Church of England Newspaper, I4 Jan. 1955, 3; and editorial, 'Islington', ibid. 16 Jan 1959, 6
91. LMA89/ALS/190; P89/ALS/188; P89/ALS/192
92. Editorial, 'Anniversary', Crusade (Mar. 1959), 5
93. John Stott, Our guilty silence - the Church, the Gospel and the world London 1967, 86
94. On the problems presented to the church by the differing educational levels of its parishioners John Stott, All Souls Rectory, All Souls Aug. 1956, 10: 'Our services in All Souls arc not altogether suitable for the members of the parish who are resident between Euston Road, Tottenham Court Road, Mortimer Street and Great Portland Street. We need simple, non-liturgical services for them, Geoffrey Rawlinsarish paper, ibid, Aug. 1957, 17. On Cypriots and Spaniards in the parish 'Register of parliamentary and local government electors, 1964, London borough of Camdenarliamentary constituency of Holborn and St. Pancras South, Euston ward {JJ, in Register of electors, 1964, constituencies of St. Pancras North, Holborn & St. Pancras South, London 1964, and Mike Pentelow and Marsha Rowe, Characters of Fitznvia, London 2001, 26 levels of its parishioners see John Stott, 'All Souls Rectory', All Souls (Aug. 1956), 10: 'Our services in All Souls arc not altogether suitable for the members of the parish who are resident between Euston Road, Tottenham Court Road, Mortimer Street and Great Portland Street. We need simple, non-liturgical services for them.' See also Geoffrey Rawlins, 'Parish paper', ibid. (Aug. 1957), 17. On Cypriots and Spaniards in the parish see 'Register of parliamentary and local government electors, 1964, London borough of Camdenarliamentary constituency of Holborn and St. Pancras South, Euston ward {JJ)', in Register of electors, 1964, constituencies of St. Pancras North, Holborn & St. Pancras South, London 1964, and Mike Pentelow and Marsha Rowe, Characters of Fitznvia, London 2001, 26
95. For immigration from the West Indies see Pentelow and Rowe, Characters 29-30. For the work of All Souls among international students 'The rector's letter', All Souls (Dec. i960), 10; 'The rector's letter', ibid. (Jan. 1961), 10-11; 'The rector's letter', ibid. (Dec. 1962), 10. 29-30. For the work of All Souls among international students see 'The rector's letter', All Souls (Dec. i960), 10; 'The rector's letter', ibid. (Jan. 1961), 10-11; 'The rector's letter', ibid. (Dec. 1962), 10
96. See Peter Hocken, Streams of renewal: the origins and early development movement in Great Britain of the charismatic movement in Great Britain, Exeter 1986, 86-8
97. There is no evidence that Stott asked any of them to leave; indeed Michael Harper later emphasised that Stott had never so much as hinted that he should resign: None can guess, London 1971, 60-1. Michael Harper later emphasised that Stott had never so much as hinted that he should resign: None can guess, London 1971, 60-1
98. See John Stott, The baptism and fullness of the Holy Spirit, London 1964
99. For details on Stott's overseas visits and his involvement in wider English ecclesiastical life the relevant chapters in Dudley-Smith's biography. English ecclesiastical life see the relevant chapters in Dudley-Smith's biography
100. See John Stott, 'The rector's letter', All Souls (Feb. 1970), 8-9, and 'A proposed restructuring of the staff team', strictly confidential to the PCC, Sept 1969, LMA89/ALS/194, 84. proposed restructuring of the staff team', strictly confidential to the PCC, Sept 1969, LMA89/ALS/194, 84
101. 'A proposed restructuring', 81
102. David Martin, 'The Church of England: from established Church to secular social issues lobby', in Digby C. Anderson (ed.), The kindness that kills: the Churches' simplistic response to complex social issues, London 1984, 136
103. See, for example, the prefaces to Crockford's clerical directory Oxford 1954p. xx-xxi; 1933-54, Oxford 1954p. xx-xxi
104. Crockford's clerical directory, 1955-56, Oxford 1956p. xi-xii
105. Crockford's clerical directory, 1963-64, Oxford 1964p. vii-viii
106. Sec Hastings, History of English Christianity, 444-5, 455
107. L. E. EUiott-Binns, The story of England's Church, London 1945, 120
108. Randle Manwaring, From controversy to coexistence: evangelicals in the 1914-1980 Church of England, 1914-1980, Cambridge 1984, 96
109. Stephen Neill, Anglicanism, London 1977, 398; 'Exclusive middle class club', Church of England Newspaper, 15 Jan 1965, 1; editorial, Churchman xciii (1979), 101; editorial, ibid.197; Bruce N. Kaye, 'Theology comes tomorrow?', ibid, lxxxviii (1974), 278; and John C. King, The Evangelicals, London 1969, 85-6. club', Church of England Newspaper, 15 Jan 1965, 1; editorial, Churchman xciii (1979), 101; editorial, ibid.197; Bruce N. Kaye, 'Theology comes tomorrow?', ibid, lxxxviii (1974), 278; and John C. King, The Evangelicals, London 1969, 85-6
110. See, for example, Stott's comments on the education of curates John and Richard Rowdier in (respectively) 'The rector's letter', All Souls (June 1951), 6-7, and 'The rector's letter', ibid. (July 1953), 10-11, and Stott's use of French in 'Joy in Jerusalem', ibid. (May 1951), 8. Collins and Richard Rowdier in (respectively) 'The rector's letter', All Souls (June 1951), 6-7, and 'The rector's letter', ibid. (July 1953), 10-11, and Stott's use of French in 'Joy in Jerusalem', ibid. (May 1951), 8
111. John Stott, 'What God desires', ibid. (Oct. 1957), 13. On Stott's desire to the diversity of the local population represented at All Souls his 'Snobbery', ibid. (Feb. 1958), 13. to see the diversity of the local population represented at All Souls see his 'Snobbery', ibid. (Feb. 1958), 13
112. Idem, 'Genuine peace', ibid. (May 1970), 12
113. Hugh McLeod, Religion and society in England, 1850-1914, Basingstokc 1996, 142-3. Philip Phenna, 'The Clubhouse family outing', All Souls (Feb. 1966), 21, and Graham Whyte, 'All Souls' Clubhouse - the reality which grew out of the vision of John Stott', Church of England Newspaper, 16 Feb. 1979, 12. 1996, 142-3. See also Philip Phenna, 'The Clubhouse family outing', All Souls (Feb. 1966), 21, and Graham Whyte, 'All Souls' Clubhouse - the reality which grew out of the vision of John Stott', Church of England Newspaper, 16 Feb. 1979, 12
114. For more detail see Welsby, A history of the Church of England, 167-73
115. Harvey Cox, The secular city: secularization and urbanization in perspective, New York 1965, and Arthur Michael Ramsey, Sacred and secular: a study in the otherworldly and this-worldly aspects of Christianity, London 1965. For addresses from the Fourth Assembly of World Council of Churches, held in Uppsala in 1968, see theological perspective, New York 1965, and Arthur Michael Ramsey, Sacred and secular: a study in the otherworldly and this-worldly aspects of Christianity, London 1965. For addresses from the Fourth Assembly of World Council of Churches, held in Uppsala in 1968, see Ecumenical Review xx (1968), Octoberassim
116. David Martin, The religious and the secular: studies in secularization London 1969, 70
117. John Stott, 'God in his world', All Souls (May 1968), 10; notes entitled 'Open meeting', 1, 'National Evangelical Anglican Congress - 1967', Stott's office. 'Open meeting', 1, 'National Evangelical Anglican Congress - 1967', Stott's office
118. 'All Souls with St. Peter and St. John, St. Marylebone, minutes of the proceedings of the parochial church council', i6july 1959-11 May 1967, LMA89/ALS/193, 205; P89/ALS/194, 82. proceedings of the parochial church council', i6july 1959-11 May 1967, LMA89/ALS/193, 205; P89/ALS/194, 82
119. Editorial, 'Ichabod?', Crusade (July 1968), 3
120. See Brown, Death of Christian Britain, 191, and Robert Currie, Alan and Lee Horsley, Churches and churchgoers: patterns of church growth in the British Isles since 1700, Oxford 1977, table AI, 128-g. Gilbert and Lee Horsley, Churches and churchgoers: patterns of church growth in the British Isles since 1700, Oxford 1977, table AI, 128-g
121. 'Register of services, 1961-67', and 'St. Helen's Church register of services', 1968-81, St Helen's Church, Bishopsgate, London. services', 1968-81, St Helen's Church, Bishopsgate, London
122. 'The parish church of St Mary, Islington, vestry minute book', St Mary's Church, Islington. Electoral roll figures are, of course, notoriously difficult to interpret, but here they are useful in the absence of any other figures in as much as they suggest a trend in evangelical parishes running counter to the national trend, and this at a time when the Church of England was seeking to work against inflated roll statistics. Church, Islington. Electoral roll figures are, of course, notoriously difficult to interpret, but here they are useful in the absence of any other figures in as much as they suggest a trend in evangelical parishes running counter to the national trend, and this at a time when the Church of England was seeking to work against inflated roll statistics
123. 'Register of parochial electors for the parish of St Ebbe, Oxford', 24 and 'Electoral rollarish of St Ebbe, Oxford', 93, St Ebbe's Church, Oxford. and 'Electoral rollarish of St Ebbe, Oxford', 93, St Ebbe's Church, Oxford
124. See the successive editions of the London diocese book
125. 'Annual meeting 1910- ', Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Cambridge Cambridgeshire County Record Office, Shire Hall, Cambridge. Cambridgeshire County Record Office, Shire Hall, Cambridge
126. See the statistics provided in the annual editions of the London diocese book
127. See the statistics collected by Brencher, Martyn LJojd-Jones, 237
128. See Peter Brierley, 'Christian' England: what the 1989 English church census reveals, London 1991, 161-5
129. See the prefaces to Crockford's clerical directory, 1953-54p. xx-xxi
130. Crockford's clerical directory, 1963-64. vii
131. and Crockford's clerical directory, 1977-79, Oxford 1979. xvi. Steve Bruce, 'The persistence of religion: conservative Protestantism in the United Kingdom', Sociological Review xxxi (1983), 453-70. Bruce, 'The persistence of religion: conservative Protestantism in the United Kingdom', Sociological Review xxxi (1983), 453-70
132. For electoral roll figures see the successive annual editions of the diocese book until 1998, and of the London diocesan yearbook from 1999. For attendance in the mid-1970s John Capon, 'Down but not out', Crusade (Nov. 1976), 17. For current attendance figures for All Souls http://www.allsouls.org/ welcome/main.html. London diocese book until 1998, and of the London diocesan yearbook from 1999. For attendance in the mid-1970s see John Capon, 'Down but not out', Crusade (Nov. 1976), 17. For current attendance figures for All Souls see http://www.allsouls.org/welcome/main.html
133. Hastings, History of English Christianity, 552-6. See also Bebbington Evangelicalism, 249-70, and Webby, History of the Church of England, 212-15. Hastings and Webby also comment on the decline of Anglo-Catholicism in these pages. Evangelicalism, 249-70, and Webby, History of the Church of England, 212-15. Hastings and Webby also comment on the decline of Anglo-Catholicism in these pages
134. See Martin, The religious and the secular, 9. See also Steve Bruce's secularisation theorists on this point in God is dead, 38-9. defence of secularisation theorists on this point in God is dead, 38-9