Management regimes, property rights, and forest biodiversity in Nepal and India

Environmental Management

Volumn 41, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 719-733

  Nagendra, Harini ^a,b   Gokhale, Yogesh ^c  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b ASHOKA TRUST FOR RESEARCH IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT   (India)

^c THE ENERGY AND RESOURCES INSTITUTE   (India)

Author keywords

Biodiversity; Community forestry; Institutions; Joint forest management; Sacred groves; South Asia

Indexed keywords

JOINT FOREST MANAGEMENT; LIVELIHOODS; PROPERTY RIGHTS;

BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; FORESTRY; INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY; RESOURCE ALLOCATION; SOCIETIES AND INSTITUTIONS;

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT;

ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; BIODIVERSITY; BUFFER ZONE; COMMUNITY FORESTRY; COMMUNITY RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; FOREST MANAGEMENT; FOREST RESOURCE; PROPERTY RIGHTS;

ARTICLE; BIODIVERSITY; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; FOREST MANAGEMENT; FORESTRY; INDIA; NEPAL;

BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITY NETWORKS; CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES; CONSUMER PARTICIPATION; FEMALE; FORESTRY; HUMANS; INDIA; MALE; NEPAL; OWNERSHIP; PLANNING TECHNIQUES; POLITICS;

BIODIVERSITY; ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING; FORESTS;

ASIA; EURASIA; INDIA; KARNATAKA; NEPAL; SOUTH ASIA;

BETTA;

EID: 42449101670     PISSN: 0364152X     EISSN: 14321009     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00267-008-9073-y     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Agrawal A, Britt C, Kanel K (1999) Decentralization in Nepal: A comparative analysis. ICS Press, Oakland, CA
2. Agrawal A, Ostrom E (2001) Collective action, property rights, and decentralization in resource use in India and Nepal. Politics and Society 29:485-514
3. Agrawal A (2005) Environmentality: Technologies of Government and Political Subjects. Duke University Press: Oxford University Press, New Delhi
4. Bajracharya D (1983) Deforestation in the food/fuel context: Historical and political perspectives from Nepal. Mountain Research and Development 3:227-240
5. Bhat DM, Gadgil M (1993) Soppina bettas - Forests in support of horticulture. In Brandl M (ed.) Proceedings of the IUFRO Forest History Group Meeting on Peasant Forestry 2-5 September 1991, No. 40 Forstliche Versuchs-und Forschungsanstalt, Freiburg, pp. 37- 43
6. Bookbinder MP, Dinerstein E, Rijal A, Cauley H, Rajouria A (1998) Ecotourism's support of biodiversity conservation. Conservation Biology 12:1399-1404
7. Bray DB, Merino-Perez L, Barry D (eds) (2005) The community forests of Mexico Managing for sustainable landscapes. University of Texas Press, Austin
8. Buchanan F (1870) Journey through the northern part of Kanara (1801-2). Vol. 2, Higginbothams, Madras
9. Campbell JM (1883) Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Vol. XV, Part I. Kanara Government Central Press, Bombay
10. Chandran MDS, Gadgil M (1993) Kans- Safety forests of Uttara Kannada M Brandl (ed.) Proceedings of the IUFRO Forest History Group Meeting on Peasant Forestry 2-5. September 1991, No. 40 Forstliche Versuchs-und Forschungsanstalt, Freiburg, pp. 49-57
11. Chandran MDS, Hughes JD (1997) The sacred groves of South India: Ecology, traditional communities and religious change. Social Compass 44:411-425
12. Chandran MDS, Gadgil M, Hughes JD (1998) Sacred groves of the Western Ghats of India. In: Ramakrishnan PS, Saxena KG, Chandrashekhara UM (eds) Conserving the Sacred for Biodiversity Management. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., pp. 211-231
13. Chapagain K (2001) DoF to take over leasehold forestry programme. The Kathmandu Post, December 13th, 2001
14. Chaudhary RP (2000) Forest conservation and environmental management in Nepal: A review. Biodiversity and Conservation 9:1235-1260
15. Dietz T, Ostrom E, Stern PC (2003) The struggle to govern the commons. Science 302:1907-1912
16. Elmqvist T, Pyykonnen M, Tengo M, Rakotondrasoa F, Rabakonandrianina E, Radimilahy C (2007) Patterns of loss and regeneration of tropical dry forest in Madagascar: The social institutional context. PLoS ONE 2(5):e402. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000402
17. Gadgil M, Guha R (1995) Ecology and equity: Use and abuse of nature in contemporary India. Routledge, London, UK
18. Gautam AP, Webb EL, Eiumnoh A (2002) GIS assessment of land use/ land cover changes associated with community forestry implementation in the Middle Hills of Nepal. Mountain Research and Development 22:63-69
19. Gautam AP, Shivakoti GP, Webb EL (2004) Forest cover change, physiography, local economy and institutions in a mountain watershed in Nepal. Environmental Management 33:48-61
20. Gokhale Y (2001) Management of Kans in the Western Ghats of Karnataka. In: Shaanker UR, Ganeshaiah KN, Bawa KS (eds) Forest Genetic Resources: Status, Threats, and Conservation Strategies. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., pp. 570-573
21. Gokhale Y (2002) Studies of the role of sacred grove institution in conservation of plants. Unpublished Ph. D. thesis, Mumbai University, India
22. Gokhale, Y (2004) Reviving traditional forest management in Western Ghats: Study in Karnataka. Economic and Political Weekly 3556-3559
23. Government of Nepal (2006) Economic Survey: Fiscal Year 2005-06, Chapter 10. Government of Nepal, Ministry of Finance, Kathmandu
24. Heinen JT, Mehta JN (2000) Emerging issues in legal and procedural aspects of buffer zone management with case studies from Nepal. Journal of Environment and Development 9:45-67
25. His Majesty's Government of Nepal (HMG) (1999) Buffer Zone Management Guidelines. His Majesty's Government, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation and Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Kathmandu
26. Kellert SR, Mehta JN, Ebbin SA, Lichtenfeld LL (2000) Community Natural Resource Management: Promise, rhetoric and reality. Society and Natural Resources 13:705-715
27. Lele SM (1993) Degradation, sustainability or transformation? A case study of villager's use of forest lands in the Malnaad region of Uttara Kannada district, India. Ph.D. thesis submitted at University of California, Berkeley
28. Madhusudhan MD (2005) Of rights and wrongs: Widlife conservation and the tribal bill. Economic and Political Weekly 40:4893-4896
29. Mahapatra R (2001) Betrayed: Nepal's forest bureaucracy prepares for the funeral of the much-hailed community forest management programme. Down To Earth 9(22)
30. Malhotra KC, Gokhale Y, Chatterjee S, Srivastava S (2001) Cultural and ecological dimensions of sacred groves in India. Scientific Committee on Problems of Environment (SCOPE) publication, Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi and Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya, Bhopal
31. Malla Y (2000) Impact of community forestry policy on rural livelihoods and food security in Nepal. Unasylva 51:37-45
32. Maskey TM, Bajimaya S, Dhamala BR, Joshi BKL, Budhathoki P (1999) Park People Programme: 1999 The Year in Review. Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Parks People Programme and United Nations Development Programme, Kathmandu
33. Messerschmidt DA (1987) Conservation and society in Nepal: Traditional forest management and innovative development. In: Little PD, Horowitz MM, Nyerges AE (eds), Land at Risk in the Third World: Local Level Perspectives. Westview, Boulder, CO, pp. 373-397
34. Moran EF, Ostrom E (eds) (2005) Seeing the Forest and the Trees: Human-Environment Interactions in Forest Ecosystems. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass
35. Mueller-Dombois DR, Ellenberg H (1974) Aims and methods of vegetation ecology. Wiley, New York
36. Murali KS, Sharma M, Rao RJ, Murthy IK, Ravindranath NH (2000) Status of participatory forest management in India. Pages 25-58. In: Ravindranath NH, Murali KS, Malhotra KC (eds.) Joint forest management and community forestry in India: An ecological and institutional assessment. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd
37. Nadkarni MV, Pasha SA, Prabhakar LS (1989) The political economy of forest use and management. Sage Publications, New Delhi
38. Nagendra H (2002) Tenure and forest conditions: Community forestry in the Nepal Terai. Environmental Conservation 29:530-539
39. Nagendra H, Karna B, Karmacharya M (2005 a) Cutting across space and time: Examining forest co-management in Nepal. Ecology and Society 10(1): 24. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol10/iss1/art24/
40. Nagendra H, Karna B, Karmacharya M (2005b) Examining institutional change: Leasehold forestry in Nepal. Conservation and Society 3:72-91
41. Nagendra H, Pareeth S, Sharma B, Schweik CM., Adhikari KR (2008) Forest fragmentation and regrowth in an institutional mosaic of community, government and private ownership in Nepal. Landscape Ecology 23:41-54
42. Nagendra H (2007a) Drivers of reforestation in human-dominated forests. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 104:15218-15223
43. Nagendra H (2007b) Communities and conservation. Seminar India 577:45-50
44. Nepstad D, Schwartzmann S, Bamberger B, Santilli M, Ray D, Schlesinger P, Levebvre P, Alencar A, Prinz E, Fiske G, Rolla A (2006) Inhibition of Amazon deforestation and fire by parks and indigenous lands. Conservation Biology 20:65-73
45. Neupane HP (2000) A grassroots organizer with a commitment to gender-balanced participation: An interview with Hari Prasad Neupane, Chairperson, Federation of Community Forestry Users in Nepal. Mountain Research and Development 20:316-319
46. Ostrom E (1990) Governing the commons: The evolution of institutions for collective action. Cambridge University Press, New York
47. Ostrom E (1998) The International Forestry Resources and Institutions program: A methodology for relating human incentives and actions on forest cover and biodiversity. In: Dallmeier F, Comisker JA (eds), Forest Biodiversity in North, Central and South America, and the Caribbean: Research and Monitoring, Man and the Biosphere Series (Vol. 1: pp. 1-28). UNESCO, Paris, Parthenon, New York
48. Ostrom E (2005) Understanding institutional diversity. Princeton University Press, Princeton
49. Ostrom E, Nagendra H (2006) Insights on linking forests, trees, and people from the air, on the ground, and in the lab. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103:19224-19331
50. Palit, S (1996) Comparative analysis of policy and institutional dimensions of community forestry in India and Nepal. Mountain Natural Resources Discussion Paper Series No. MNR 96/4. International Center for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu
51. Poffenberger M, McGean B (eds) (1996) Village voices, forest choices: Joint Forest Management in India. Oxford University Press, New Delhi
52. Post Report (2003) Seminar on leasehold forestry development. The Kathmandu Post, February 24th, 2003
53. Rao RJ, Bhat PR, Murali KS, Murthy IK, Ravindranath NH (2001a) Joint Forest Planning and Management in Uttara Kannada: A review. MyForest 37:421-428
54. Rao RJ, Murali KS, Ravindranath NH (2001b) Joint Forest Planning and Management (JFPM) in Karnataka: Current Status and Future Potential (Technical Report No. 90). Centre for Ecological Sciences, Bangalore
55. Rao RJ, Murali KS, Ravindranath NH (2002) Joint Forest Planning and Management (JFPM) in Karnataka: Current status and future potential. Wasteland News, May 2002
56. Ribot JC (2004) Decentralization of Natural Resource Management: Encountering and Countering Resistance. World Resources Institute, Washington D.C
57. Schlager E, Ostrom E (1992) Property rights regimes and natural resources: A conceptual analysis. Land Economics 68:249-62
58. Schweik C, Nagendra H, Sinha DR (2003) Using satellites to search for forest management innovations in Nepal. Ambio 32:312-319
59. Shahabuddin G, Rangarajan M (eds) (2007) Making Conservation Work: Securing Biodiversity in this New Century. Permanent Black, Ranikhet, India
60. Shreshtha B (1998) Changing forest policies and institutional innovations: User group approach in community forestry of Nepal. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM), May 10-14 1998, Washington DC
61. Shrinidhi AS, Lele S (2001) Forest tenure regimes in the Karnataka Western Ghats: A compendium. Working paper 90, Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore
62. Stræde S, Helles F (2000) Park-people conflict in Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal: buying time at high cost? Environmental Conservation 27:368-381
63. Sundar, N (2000) Unpacking the 'Joint' in Joint Forest Management. Development and Change, 31:255-60
64. Sundar N, Jeffery R, Thin N (2001) Branching Out: Joint Forest Management in India. Oxford University Press, New Delhi
65. Thapa GB, Weber KW (1995) Natural resource degradation in a small watershed in Nepal: Complex causes and remedial measures. Natural Resources Forum 19:285-296
66. Thoms CA, Karmacharya MB, Karna BK (2003) Exclusion isn't easy: lessons from leasehold forestry. Forests and Livelihood 2:48-54
67. Thoms CA, Karna BK, Karmacharya MB (2006) Limitations of leasehold forestry for poverty alleviation in Nepal. Society and Natural Resources 19:951-958
68. Varughese G (1999) Villagers, Bureaucrats, and Forests in Nepal: Designing Governance for a Complex Resource. PhD Thesis, Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, Indiana University. Bloomington, IN
69. Varughese G, Ostrom E (2001) The contested role of heterogeneity in collective action: Some evidence from community forestry in Nepal. World Development 29:747-765
70. Webb EL, Gautam AP (2001) Effects of community forest management on the structure and diversity of a successional broadleaf forest in Nepal. International Forestry Review 3:146-157