Four-thousand-year-old gold artifacts from the Lake Titicaca basin, southern Peru

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Volumn 105, Issue 13, 2008, Pages 5002-5005

  Aldenderfer, Mark ^a   Craig, Nathan M ^b,c   Speakman, Robert J ^d   Popelka Filcoff, Rachel ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

^b PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d MUSEUM CONSERVATION INSTITUTE   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI   (United States)

Author keywords

Andes; Archaeology; Archaic; Metallurgy

Indexed keywords

GOLD; FRESH WATER;

AGRICULTURE; ARTICLE; ARTIFACT; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; HUMAN; LAKE; LIFESTYLE; METALLURGY; PERU; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SOCIAL ASPECT; ADULT; BONE; CHILD; ECONOMICS; HISTORY; POSTHUMOUS CARE; SEDIMENT; SOCIAL CLASS; TIME;

ADULT; AGRICULTURE; BONE AND BONES; BURIAL; CHILD; FRESH WATER; FUNERAL RITES; GEOLOGIC SEDIMENTS; GOLD; HISTORY, ANCIENT; HUMANS; PERU; SOCIAL CLASS; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 42449085311     PISSN: 00278424     EISSN: 10916490     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0710937105     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. White LA (1959) The Evolution of Culture (McGraw Hill, New York), pp 333-338.
2. Childe VG (1953) New Light on the Most Ancient Near East (Praeger, New York), pp 123-147.
3. Price DT, Brown JA (1985) in Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers: The Emergence of Cultural Complexity, eds Price DT, Brown JA (Academic, New York), pp 3-20.
4. Clark JD, Blake M (1994) in Factional Competition and Political Development in the New World, eds Brumfiel EM, Fox J (Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge, UK), pp 17-30.
5. Hayden B (1996) in Emergent Complexity: The Evolution of Intermediate Societies, ed Arnold J (Intl Monographs in Prehistory, Ann Arbor, MI), pp 50-58.
6. Aldenderfer MS (2005) in Foundations of Power in the Prehispanic Andes, eds Vaughn KJ, Ogburn DE, Conlee CA (Am Anthropol Assoc, Arlington, VA), Vol 14, pp 13-35.
7. Hayden B (1995) in Foundations of Social Inequality, eds Price DT, Feinman GM (Plenum, New York), pp 13-86.
8. Strathern A (1982) Inequality in New Guinea Highlands Societies (Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge, UK).
9. Burger RL, Lechtman H (1996) in Andean Art at Dumbarton Oaks, ed Boone E (Oaks, Washington, DC), pp 45-86.
10. Alva W (1992) Oro en el Antiguo Perú (Banco de Crédito del Perú, Lima, Perú).
11. McEwan C (2000) Precolumbian Gold: Technology, Style, and Iconography (British Museum Press, London).
12. Burger RL, Gordon RB (1998) Early Central Andean metalworking from Mina Perdida, Peru. Science 282:1108-1111.
13. Grossman JW (1972) An ancient gold worker's tool kit: The earliest metal technology in Peru. Archaeology 25:270-275.
14. Grossman JW (1983) Demographic change and economic transformation in the southcentral highlands of pre-Huari Peru. Ñawpa Pacha 21:45-126.
15. Reimer PJ, et al. (2004) IntCal04 terrestrial radiocarbon age calibration, 0-26 cal kyr BP. Radiocarbon 46:1029-1058.
16. Shimada I (1994) in Quest of Mineral Wealth: Aboriginal and Colonial Mining and Metallurgy in Spanish America, eds Craig AK, West R (Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA), pp 55-66.
17. Craig N (2005) The formation of early settled villages and the emergence of leadership: A test of three theoretical models in the Rio Ilave, Lake Titicaca basin, southern Peru. PhD dissertation (Univ of California, Santa Barbara).
18. Rigsby C, Baker PA, Aldenderfer MS (2003) Fluvial history of the Rio Ilave Valley, Peru, and its relationship to climate and human history. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 194:165-185.
19. Baker PA, et al. (2001) The history of South American tropical precipitation for the past 25,000 years. Science 291:640-643.
20. Cross SL, Baker PA, Seltzer GO, Dunbar RB (2000) A new estimate of Holocene lowstand level of Lake Titicaca, Central Andes, and implications for tropical palaeohydrology. Holocene 10:21-32.
21. Murray AP (2005) Chenopodium domestication in the south-central Andes: Confirming the presence of domesticates at Jiskairumoko (late Archaic-Formative), Perú. MA thesis (California State Univ, Fullerton).
22. Craig N, Aldenderfer M, Moyes H (2006) Multivariate visualization and analysis of photomapped artifact scatters. J Archaeol Sci 33:1617-1627.
23. Binford L (1983) In Pursuit of the Past: Decoding the Archaeological Record (Thames and Hudson, New York).
24. Klink C, Aldenderfer M (2005) in Advances in Titicaca Basin Archaeology I, eds Stanish C, Cohen A, Aldenderfer M (Cotsen Instit of Archaeol, Univ of California, Los Angeles), pp 25-54.
25. Stanish C (2003) Ancient Titicaca: The Evolution of Complex Society in Southern Peru and Northern Bolivia (Univ of California Press, Berkeley), pp 102-104.
26. Peterson G (1970) Minería y Metalurgia en el Antiguo Perú (Museo Nacional de Arqueología, Antropología e Historia del Perú Lima, Perú).
27. Haeberlin MR, Fontboté L (2003) Paleozoic orogenic gold deposits in the Eastern Central Andes and its foreland, South America. Ore Geol Rev 22:41-59.
28. Lechtman H (1980) in The Coming of the Age of Iron, eds Wertime TA, Muhly JD (Yale Univ Press, New Haven, CT), pp 269-334.
29. Lechtman H (1984) Andean value systems and the development of prehistoric metallurgy. Technol Culture 25:1-36.