Measurement of the secondary radionuclides 10Be, 26Al, 36Cl, 54Mn, and 14C and implications for the galactic cosmic-ray age

Astrophysical Journal

Volumn 563, Issue 2 PART 1, 2001, Pages 768-792

  Yanasak, N E ^a,e   Wiedenbeck, M E ^a   Mewaldt, R A ^b   Davis, A J ^b   Cummings, A C ^b   George, J S ^b   Leske, R A ^b   Stone, E C ^b   Christian, E R ^c   Von Rosenvinge, T T ^c   Binns, W R ^d   Hink, P L ^d   Israel, M H ^d  

^a CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^b CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^c NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

^d WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e University of Georgia   (United States)

Author keywords

Cosmic rays; Galaxy: general; Galaxy: halo; ISM: abundances

Indexed keywords

EID: 4244031093     PISSN: 0004637X     EISSN: 15384357     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/323842     Document Type: Article

References (108)

1. Ahlen, S. P., et al. 2000, ApJ, 534, 757
2. Ajzenberg-Selove, F. 1988, Nucl. Phys. A, 490, 1
3. Anders, E., & Grevesse, N. 1989, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 53, 197
4. Badhwar, G. D., & O'Neill, P. M. 1993, Proc. 23d Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf. (Calgary), 3, 535
5. Be, M.-M., Coursol, N., & Duchemin, B. 1999, Table de Radionucléides (Gif-sur-Yvette: Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique)
6. Binns, W. R. et al. 2000, in AIP Conf. Proc. 528, Acceleration and Transport of Energetic Particles Observed in the Heliosphere: ACE 2000 Symposium, ed. R. Mewaldt, J. Jokipii, M. Lee, E. Mobius, & T. Zurbuchen (Melville: AIP), 413
7. Buffington, A., Orth, C. D., & Mast, T. S. 1978, ApJ, 226, 355
8. Chen, C.-X., et al. 1997a, Phys. Rev. C, 56, 1536
9. -. 1997b, ApJ, 479, 504
10. Churchwell, E., Mezger, P. G., & Huchtmeier, W. 1974, A&A, 32, 283
11. Connell, J. J. 1998, ApJ, 501, L59
12. Connell, J. J., DuVernois, M. A., & Simpson, J. A. 1998, ApJ, 509, L97
13. Cumming, J. P. 1963, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Sci., 13, 261
14. Dame, T. M., et al. 1987, ApJ, 322, 706
15. Davis, A. J., et al. 2000, in AIP Conf. Proc. 528, Acceleration and Transport of Energetic Particles Observed in the Heliosphere: ACE 2000 Symposium, ed. R. Mewaldt, J. Jokipii, M. Lee, E. Mobius, & T. Zurbuchen (Melville: AIP), 421
16. Davis, L. 1960, Proc. 6th Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf. (Moscow), 3, 220
17. Diplas, A., & Savage, B. D. 1994, ApJ, 427, 274
18. DuVernois, M. A. 1997, ApJ, 481, 241
19. DuVernois, M. A., Simpson, J. A., & Thayer, M. R. 1996, A&A, 316, 555
20. DuVernois, M. A., & Thayer, M. R. 1996, ApJ, 465, 982
21. Endt, P. M. 1990, Nucl. Phys. A, 521, 1
22. Engelmann, J. J., et al. 1990, A&A, 233, 96
23. Ferrando, P., Lal, N., McDonald, F. B., & Webber, W. R. 1991, A&A, 247, 163
24. Fichtel, C. E., & Reames, D. V. 1968, Phys. Rev., 175, 1564
25. Firestone, R. B. 1996, in Table of Isotopes, ed. R. B. Firestone & V. S. Shirley (8th ed.; New York: Wiley), 228
26. Fisk, L. A. 1971, JGR, 76, 221
27. Fontes, P., Perron, C., Lestringuez, J., Yiou, F., & Bernas, R. 1971, Nucl. Phys. A, 165, 405
28. Frisch, P. C. 1998, Space Sci. Rev., 86, 107
29. Garcia-Munoz, M., Mason, G. M., & Simpson, J. A. 1975, ApJ, 201, L141
30. Garcia-Munoz, M., Simpson, J. A., Guzik, T. G., Wefel, J. P., & Margolis, S. H. 1987, ApJS, 64, 269
31. Garcia-Munoz, M., Simpson, J. A., & Wefel, J. P. 1981, Proc. 17th Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf. (Paris), 2, 72
32. Geier, S. 2000, Ph.D. thesis, Univ. Maryland
33. Gleeson, L. J., & Axford, W. I. 1968, ApJ, 154, 1011
34. Goulding, F. S., & Harvey, B. G. 1975, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Sci., 25, 167
35. Grevesse, N., Noels, A., & Sauval, A. J. 1996, in ASP Conf. Ser. 99, Cosmic Abundances, ed. S. S. Holt & G. Sonneborn (San Francisco: ASP), 117
36. Hagen, F. A., Fisher, A. J., & Ormes, J. F. 1977, ApJ, 212, 262
37. Harding, D. S., & Harding, A. K. 1982, ApJ, 257, 603
38. Jones, F. C. 1979, ApJ, 229, 747
39. Kibedi, T., et al. 1997, ApJ, 489, 951
40. Knott, C. N., et al. 1997, Phys. Rev. C, 56, 398
41. Korejwo, A., Giller, M., Dzikowski, T., Wdowczyk, J., Perelygin, V. V., & Zarubin, A. V. 1999, Proc. 26th Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf. (Salt Lake City), 4, 267
42. Krombel, K. E., & Wiedenbeck, M. E. 1988, ApJ, 328, 940
43. Lestringuez, J., Raisbeck, G. M., Yiou, F., & Bernas, R. 1971, Phys. Lett. B, 36, 331
44. Letaw, J. R., Silberberg, R., & Tsao, C. H. 1983, ApJS, 51, 271
45. Lindstrom, P. J., Greiner, D. E., Heckman, H. H., Cork, B., & Bieser, F. S. 1975, Document LBL-3650, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
46. Lukasiak, A., Ferrando, P., McDonald, F. B., & Webber, W. R. 1994a, ApJ, 423, 426
47. Lukasiak, A., McDonald, F. B., & Webber, W. R. 1994b, ApJ, 430, L69
48. -. 1997a, Proc. 25th Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf. (Durban), 3, 389
49. -. 1997b, ApJ, 488, 454
50. Martinez-Pinedo, G., & Vogel, P. 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett., 81, 281
51. Meneguzzi, M., Audouze, J., & Reeves, H. 1971, A&A, 15, 337
52. Mewaldt, R. A. 1988, in AIP Conf. Proc. 183, Cosmic Abundances of Matter, ed. C. Waddington (Melville: AIP), 124
53. Meyer, J. P. 1985, ApJS, 57, 173
54. Meyer, J. P., Drury, L. C., & Ellison, D. C. 1997, ApJ, 487, 182
55. Michel, R., et al. 1995, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, 103, 183
56. Nordgren, T. E., Cordes, J. M., & Terzian, Y. 1992, AJ, 104, 1465
57. Olson, D. L., Berman, B. L., Greiner, D. E., Heckman, H. H., Lindstrom, P. J., & Crawford, H. J. 1983, Phys. Rev. C, 28, 1602
58. Paresce, F. 1984, AJ, 89, 1022
59. Peimbert, M. 1975, ARA&A, 13, 113
60. Perron, C. 1976, Phys. Rev. C, 14, 1108
61. Ptuskin, V. S., Jones, F. C., & Ormes, J. F. 1996, ApJ, 465, 972
62. Ptuskin, V. S., & Soutoul, A. 1990, A&A, 237, 445
63. -. 1998a, A&A, 337, 859
64. -. 1998b, Space Sci. Rev., 86, 225
65. Ptuskin, V. S., Soutoul, A., & Streitmatter, R. E. 1999, Proc. 26th Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf. (Salt Lake City), 4, 195
66. Ptuskin, V. S., Volk, H. J., Zirakshvili, V. N., & Breitschwerdt, D. 1997, A&A, 321, 434
67. Raisbeck, G. M., Lestringuez, J., & Yiou, F. 1973, Nature Phys. Sci., 244, 28
68. Raisbeck, G. M., & Yiou, F. 1974, Phys. Rev. C, 9, 1385
69. -. 1975, Phys. Rev. Lett., 35, 155
70. -. 1976, in Spallation Nuclear Reactions and Their Applications, ed. B. S. P. Shen & M. Merker (Dordrecht: Reidel), 83
71. -. 1977, Proc. 15th Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf. (Plovdiv), 2, 203
72. Schiekel, T., et al. 1996a, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, 114, 91
73. Schiekel, T., Sudbrock, F., Herpers, U., Gloris, M., Leya, I., Michel, R., Synal, H.-A., & Suter, M. 1996b, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, 113, 484
74. Silberberg, R., Tsao, C. H., & Barghouty, A. F. 1998, ApJ, 501, 911 (STB)
75. Simon, M., & Molnar, A. 1999, Proc. 26th Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf. (Salt Lake City), 4, 211
76. Simpson, J. A., & Connell, J. J. 1998, ApJ, 497, L85
77. Simpson, J. A., & Garcia-Munoz, M. 1988, Space Sci. Rev., 46, 205
78. Sisterson, J. M., et al. 1997, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, 123, 324
79. Soutoul, A., Ferranno, P., & Webber, W. R. 1987, Proc. 21st Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf. (Adelaide), 3, 337
80. Soutoul, A., & Ptuskin, V. S. 1999, Proc. 26th Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf. (Salt Lake City), 4, 184
81. Stephens, S. A., & Streitmatter, R. E. 1998, ApJ, 505, 266
82. Streitmatter, R. E., et al. 1993, Proc. 23d Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf. (Calgary), 2, 623
83. Stone, E. C., et al. 1998a, Space Sci. Rev., 86, 285
84. -. 1998b, Space Sci. Rev., 86, 357
85. Strong, A. W., & Moskalenko, I. V. 1998, ApJ, 509, 212
86. -. 1999, Proc. 26th Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf. (Salt Lake City), 4, 255
87. Tan, L. C., Mason, G. M., Gloeckler, G., & Ipavitch, F. M. 1987, Proc. 20th Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf. (Moscow), 2, 239
88. Taylor, J. H., & Cordes, J. M. 1993, ApJ, 411, 674
89. Webber, W. R. 1982, ApJ, 252, 386
90. -. 1993, ApJ, 402, 188
91. Webber, W. R., & Kish, J. C. 1979, Proc. 16th Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf. (Kyoto), 1, 389
92. -. 1985, Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf. (La Jolla), 3, 87
93. Webber, W. R., Kish, J. C., Rockstroh, Y., Cassagnou, Y., Legrain, R., Soutoul, A., & Testard, O. 1998a, Phys. Rev. C, 58, 1
94. Webber, W. R., Kish, J. C., Rockstroh, Y., Cassagnou, Y., Legrain, R., Soutoul, A., Testard, O., & Tull, C. 1998b, ApJ, 508, 949
95. Webber, W. R., Kish, J. C., & Schrier, D. A. 1990a, Phys. Rev. C, 41, 547
96. -. 1990b, Phys. Rev. C, 41, 566 (WKS)
97. Webber, W. R., Lezniak, J. A., Kish, J. C., & Simpson, G. A. 1977, Astrophys. Lett., 18, 125
98. Westfall, G. D., Wilson, L. W., Lindstrom, P. J., Crawford, H. J., Greiner, D. E., & Heckman, H. H. 1979, Phys. Rev. C, 19, 1309
99. Wiedenbeck, M. E. 1983, Proc. 18th Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf. (Bangalore), 9, 147
100. Wiedenbeck, M. E., et al. 2000, in AIP Conf. Proc. 528, Acceleration and Transport of Energetic Particles Observed in the Heliosphere: ACE 2000 Symposium, ed. R. Mewaldt, J. Jokipii, M. Lee, E. Mobius, & T. Zurbuchen (Melville: AIP), 363
101. Wiedenbeck, M. E., & Greiner, D. E. 1980, ApJ, 239, L139
102. Wuosmaa, A. H., et al. 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett., 80, 2085
103. Yanasak, N. E., et al. 1999, Proc. 26th Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf. (Salt Lake City), 3, 9 (Y1999)
104. -. 2000, in AIP Conf. Proc. 528, Acceleration and Transport of Energetic Particles Observed in the Heliosphere: ACE 2000 Symposium, ed. R. Mewaldt, J. Jokipii, M. Lee, E. Mobius, & T. Zurbuchen (Melville: AIP), 402 (Y2000)
105. Yiou, F. 1968, Ann. Phys., 3, 169
106. Yiou, F., Raisbeck, G., Perron, C., & Fontes, P. 1973, Proc. 13th Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf. (Denver), 1, 512
107. Zaerpoor, K., et al. 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett., 79, 4306
108. -. 1999, Phys. Rev. Lett., 82, 2219