Photoinduced electron transfer from conjugated polymers to TiO2

Journal of Physical Chemistry B

Volumn 103, Issue 21, 1999, Pages 4352-4359

  Van Hal, Paul A ^a   Christiaans, Marwijn P T ^a   Wienk, Martijn M ^b   Kroon, Jan M ^b   Janssen, René A J ^a  

^a EINDHOVEN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Netherlands)

^b TNO   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 4243970473     PISSN: 15206106     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jp9901803     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. (a) Alivisatos, A. P. Science 1996, 271, 933.
2. (b) Hide, F.; Schwartz, B. J.; Díaz-García, M.; Heeger, A. J. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1996, 256, 424.
3. (a) Greenham, N.; Peng, X. G.; Alivisatos, A. P. Phys. Rev. B. 1997, 54, 17628.
4. (b) Kajihara, K.; Tanaka, K.; Hirao, K.; Soga, N. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 1997, 36, 5537.
5. Sariciftci, N. S., Ed. Primary Photoexcitations in Conjugated Polymers: Molecular Exciton versus Semiconductor Band Model; World Scientific Publishers: Singapore, 1998.
6. (a) O'Regan, B.; Grätzel, M. Nature 1991, 335, 737.
7. (b) Hagfeldt, A.; Grätzel, M. Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 49.
8. Bach, U.; Lupo, D.; Comte, P.; Moser, J. E.; Weissörtel, F.; Salbeck, J.; Spreitzer, H.; Grätzel, M. Nature 1998, 395, 583.
9. (a) Yu, G.; Gao, J.; Hummelen, J. C.; Wudl, F.; Heeger, A. J. Science 1995, 250, 1789.
10. (b) Sariciftci, N. S.; Smilowitz, L.; Heeger, A. J.; Wudl, F. Science 1992, 258, 1474.
11. (a) Halls, J. M. M.; Walsh, C. A.; Greenham, N. C.; Marseglia, E. A.; Friend, R. H.; Moratti, S. C.; Holmes, A. B. Nature 1995, 376, 498.
12. (b) Granström, M.; Petritsch, K.; Arias, A. C.; Lux, A.; Andersson, M. R.; Friend, R. H. Nature 1998, 395, 257.
13. Savenije, T. J.; Warman, J. M.; Goossens, A. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1998, 287, 148.
14. Salafsky, J. S.; Lubberhuizen, W. H.; Schropp, R. E. I. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1998, 290, 297.
15. (a) Wudl, F.; Allemand, P. M.; Srdanov, G.; Ni, Z.; McBranch, D. Materials for Non-linear Optics: Chemical Perspectives; Marder, S. R., Sohn, J. E., Stucky, G. D., Eds.; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1991; p 683.
16. (b) McCullough, R. D.; Lowe, R. D.; Jayaraman, M.; Anderson, D. L. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 904.
17. (c) Langeveld-Voss, B. M. W.; Janssen, R. A. J.; Christiaans, M. P. T.; Meskers, S. C. J.; Dekkers, H. P. J. M.; Meijer, E. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4908.
18. Wienke, J.; Kroon, J. M.; Sommeling, P. M.; Kinderman, R.; Späth, M.; van Roosmalen, J. A. M.; Sinke, W.; Baumgärtner, S. Proceedings of the 14th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Barcelona; W.I.P.: Munich, 1997; pp 1808-1811.
19. (a) Smilowitz, L.; Sariciftci, N. S.; Wu, R.; Gettinger, C.; Heeger, A. J.; Wudl, F. Phys. Rev. B. 1993, 47, 13835.
20. (b) Voss, K. F.; Foster, C. M.; Smilowitz, L.; Mihailovic, D.; Askari, S.; Gordanov, G.; Ni, Z.; Shi, S.; Heeger, A. J.; Wudl, F. Phys. Rev. B. 1991, 38, 5490.
21. (c) Wei, X.; Vardeny, Z. V.; Sariciftci, N. S.; Heeger, A. J. Phys. Rev. B. 1996, 53, 2187.
22. Dellepiane, G.; Cuniberti, C.; Comoretto, D.; Musso, G. F.; Figari, G.; Piaggi, A.; Borghesi, A. Phys. Rev. B. 1993, 48 7850.
23. Lane, P. A.; Wei, X.; Vardeny, Z. V.; Poplawski, J.; Ehrenfreund, E.; Ibrahim, M.; Frank, A. J. Synth. Met. 1996, 76, 57.
24. 2 decaying in 600 ns and the remainder in biexponential processes (ref 9).
25. (a) Ruhe, J.; Colaneri, N. F.; Bradley, D. C. C.; Friend, R. H.; Burn, P. L.; Holmes, A. B.; Spangler, C. W. Phys. Rev. B. 1990, 42, 11670.
26. (b) Ruhe, J.; Colaneri, N. F.; Bradley, D. C. C.; Friend, R. H.; Wegner, G. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 1990, 2, 5465.
27. Cha, T.-H.; Furukawa, Y.; Tasumi, M.; Noguchi, T.; Ohnishi, T. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1997, 280, 464.
28. Rothenberger, G.; Fitzmaurice, D.; Grätzel, M. J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 5983.
29. -1 (Kölle, U.; Moser, J.; Grätzel, M. Inorg. Chem. 1985, 24, 2253).
30. Kay, A.; Humphry-Baker, R.; Grätzel, M. J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 952.
31. 2, resulting in unfavorable energetics (-0.2 eV) for the electron transfer.
32. Birks, J. B. Photophysics of Aromatic Molecules; Wiley-Interscience: London, 1970.
33. Howe, R. F.; Grätzel, M. J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89, 4495.
34. (a) Rajh, T.; Ostafin, A. E.; Micic, O. I.; Tiede, D. M.; Thurnauer, M. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 4538.
35. (b) Micic, O. I.; Zhang, Y.; Cromack, K. R.; Trifunac, A. D.; Thurnauer, M. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 7277.
36. ∥ = 1.88 when trapping occurs at surface sites (refs 23, 24). The ESR signal from untrapped conduction band electrons has been considered too broad to be observed (ref 24).
37. (a) Cherepy, N. J.; Smestad, G. P.; Grätzel, M.; Zhang, J. Z. J. Phys. Chem. B 1997, 101, 9342.
38. (b) Ellingson, R. J.; Asbury, J. B.; Ferrere, S.; Ghosh, H. N.; Sprague, J. R.; Lian, T.; Nozik, A. J. J. Phys. Chem. B 1998, 102, 6455.
39. (c) Ghosh, H. N.; Asbury, J. B.; Lian, T. J. Phys. Chem. B 1998, 102, 6482.
40. (d) Hannappel, T.; Burfeindt, B.; Storck, W.; Willig, F. J. Phys. Chem. B 1997, 101, 6799.
41. (e) Tachibana, Y.; Moser, J. E.; Grätzel, M.; Klug, D. R.; Durrant, J. R. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 20056.
42. Samuel, I. D. W.; Rumbles, G.; Collison, C. J.; Friend, R. H.; Moratti, S. C.; Holmes, A. B. Synth. Met. 1997, 84, 497 and references therein.
43. (a) Ziemelis, K. E.; Hussain, A. T.; Bradley, D. D. C.; Friend, R. H.; Rühe, J.; Wegner, G. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1991, 66, 2231.
44. (b) Halls, J. M.; Pichler, K.; Friend, R. H.; Moratti, S. C.; Holmes, A. B. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1996, 68, 3120.
45. (c) Dryklev, P.; Inganäs, O.; Paloheimo, J.; Stubb, H. J. Appl. Phys. 1992, 71, 2816.
46. 2 occurs, producing cation radicals via a secondary process.
47. Kay, A.; Grätzel, M. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 6272.
48. (a) Gelinck, G. H.; Warman, J. M.; Staring, E. G. J. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 5458.
49. (b) Peeters, E.; Delmotte, A.; Janssen, R. A. J.; Meijer, E. W. Adv. Mater. 1997, 9, 493-496.
50. 2 exhibit also a blue shift (Table 1).
51. Janssen, R. A. J.; Christiaans, M. P. T.; Hare, C.; Martin, N.; Sariciftci, N. S.; Heeger, A. J.; Wudl, F. J. Chem. Phys. 1995, 103, 8840.