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Volumn 67, Issue 8, 2003, Pages

Stability of a Fermi ball against deformation from spherical shape

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ATOMIC PARTICLE; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRIC CURRENT; ENERGY; MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR SIZE; MOLECULAR STABILITY; PHYSICS;

EID: 4243814471     PISSN: 15507998     EISSN: 15502368     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.083506     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (4)

References (36)
  • 4
    • 85038995770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • This fragmentation is due to a small volume energy, which exists when the symmetry is biased
    • This fragmentation is due to a small volume energy, which exists when the symmetry is biased 1.
  • 5
    • 85039008265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When the fermions of the F ball have an electric U(1) charge, hereafter we call such an F ball a (electrically) charged F ball. In the same manner, we define the terminology of the neutral F ball for that Macpherson and Campbell originally introduced
    • When the fermions of the F ball have an electric U(1) charge, hereafter we call such an F ball a (electrically) charged F ball. In the same manner, we define the terminology of the neutral F ball for that Macpherson and Campbell originally introduced.
  • 9
    • 85038978777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note that the qualitative discussions in the following do not depend on the explicit form of (Formula presented)
    • Note that the qualitative discussions in the following do not depend on the explicit form of (Formula presented)
  • 10
    • 85038996082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Such zero-mode solutions for (Formula presented) can also exist in other cases, such as in the context of supersymmetry
    • Such zero-mode solutions for (Formula presented) can also exist in other cases, such as in the context of supersymmetry 3435.
  • 11
    • 85038983444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • our context, we call the plane where the expectation value of (Formula presented) vanishes the “surface of the F ball.”
    • In our context, we call the plane where the expectation value of (Formula presented) vanishes the “surface of the F ball.”
  • 12
    • 85039025489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Here R is the order of the curvature radius. Note that the validity of this thin-wall expansion collapses for the small F ball, (Formula presented)
    • Here R is the order of the curvature radius. Note that the validity of this thin-wall expansion collapses for the small F ball, (Formula presented)
  • 13
    • 85039012178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The solution for (Formula presented) is not smooth at (Formula presented) This is caused by the Yukawa term (Formula presented) which is implicit in Eq. (7). Because of the curvature of the surface, (Formula presented) does not vanish and is approximately proportional to (Formula presented) which is also implicit in the rhs of Eq. (19), giving the discontinuity of (Formula presented) at the F-ball surface in the case where the fermions are tightly bound in the domain wall, (Formula presented) If the spreading thickness of the fermions is comparable to the that of the domain wall, the expectation value of the fermions is not like (Formula presented) We investigate this case elsewhere
    • The solution for (Formula presented) is not smooth at (Formula presented) This is caused by the Yukawa term (Formula presented) which is implicit in Eq. (7). Because of the curvature of the surface, (Formula presented) does not vanish and is approximately proportional to (Formula presented) which is also implicit in the rhs of Eq. (19), giving the discontinuity of (Formula presented) at the F-ball surface in the case where the fermions are tightly bound in the domain wall, (Formula presented) If the spreading thickness of the fermions is comparable to the that of the domain wall, the expectation value of the fermions is not like (Formula presented) We investigate this case elsewhere 8.
  • 14
    • 85038988402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • order to get the order of (Formula presented) in (Formula presented) we need only to keep the order of (Formula presented) in (Formula presented) as is well known in the perturbation theory
    • In order to get the order of (Formula presented) in (Formula presented) we need only to keep the order of (Formula presented) in (Formula presented) as is well known in the perturbation theory.
  • 15
    • 85038998010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The integration of the Gaussian curvature on the closed surface takes the topological value, which equals (Formula presented) in this case
    • The integration of the Gaussian curvature on the closed surface takes the topological value, which equals (Formula presented) in this case.
  • 19
    • 85039011343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Thomas-Fermi approximation is adequate for (Formula presented)
    • The Thomas-Fermi approximation is adequate for (Formula presented) 18. We see from Eq. (49) that this condition is satisfied in the region near the surface where most of the electric charge is screened.
  • 20
    • 85039015365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • J. I. Kapusta, Finite Temperature Field Theory (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1989)
    • J. I. Kapusta, Finite Temperature Field Theory (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1989).
  • 21
    • 85039000347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note that the validity of the thin-wall expansion collapses for the small F ball, (Formula presented)
    • Note that the validity of the thin-wall expansion collapses for the small F ball, (Formula presented)
  • 22
    • 85039023198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • general, we cannot factor (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) out of the integration because they are dependent of (Formula presented) We see, however, that (Formula presented) minimizes (Formula presented) and that the deviation from the uniform distribution causes the contributions of the order higher than (Formula presented) in the thin-wall expansion. Thus, we also take (Formula presented) in order to estimate (Formula presented)
    • In general, we cannot factor (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) out of the integration because they are dependent of (Formula presented) We see, however, that (Formula presented) minimizes (Formula presented) and that the deviation from the uniform distribution causes the contributions of the order higher than (Formula presented) in the thin-wall expansion. Thus, we also take (Formula presented) in order to estimate (Formula presented)
  • 23
    • 85038980131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • We define the F ball as being metastable when it is classically stable owing to the energy barrier but decays quantum mechanically with a finite lifetime
    • We define the F ball as being metastable when it is classically stable owing to the energy barrier but decays quantum mechanically with a finite lifetime.
  • 24
    • 85039032724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A. Vilenkin and E. P. S. Shellard, Cosmic String and Other Topological Defects (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1994)
    • A. Vilenkin and E. P. S. Shellard, Cosmic String and Other Topological Defects (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1994).
  • 25
    • 85038972764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The textbook E. Kolb and M. S. Turner, The Early Universe (Addison-Wesley, Redwood City, CA, 1990)
    • the textbook E. Kolb and M. S. Turner, The Early Universe (Addison-Wesley, Redwood City, CA, 1990).
  • 26
    • 85038981729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • It is easy to understand within the leading order discussion in the thin-wall expansion
    • It is easy to understand within the leading order discussion in the thin-wall expansion 12.
  • 30
    • 85039017909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two lines, (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) are called “lines of curvature” if their tangent vectors are parallel to the principal directions
    • Two lines, (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) are called “lines of curvature” if their tangent vectors are parallel to the principal directions.
  • 31
    • 85038998958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The coordinates can be defined uniquely as far as two or more normal lines do not intersect. We can neglect the contribution in the energy integration over such a region of intersection, since the region is far from the surface
    • The coordinates can be defined uniquely as far as two or more normal lines do not intersect. We can neglect the contribution in the energy integration over such a region of intersection, since the region is far from the surface.
  • 32
    • 85038985083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The geometrical assumption of an ellipsoidal shape enables us to estimate the upper bound on the lifetime of the F ball
    • The geometrical assumption of an ellipsoidal shape enables us to estimate the upper bound on the lifetime of the F ball.
  • 33
    • 85039010862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • S. Coleman, Aspects of Symmetry (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1985)
    • S. Coleman, Aspects of Symmetry (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1985).


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.