-
2
-
-
84967669104
-
Between Memory and History: Les lieux ie mémoire
-
Pierre Nora, "Between Memory and History: Les lieux ie mémoire" Representations 26 (1989): 7-25.
-
(1989)
Representations
, vol.26
, pp. 7-25
-
-
Nora, P.1
-
3
-
-
79954080139
-
-
Frankfurt am Main, 130
-
Stefan Heym, Collin (Frankfurt am Main, 1981), 128, 130.
-
(1981)
Collin
, pp. 128
-
-
Heym, S.1
-
4
-
-
67649689035
-
-
Frankfurt am Main
-
Monika Maron, Stille Zeile Sechs (Frankfurt am Main, 1993), 59-60. Monika Maron is the stepdaughter of Karl Maron, the Old-Communist minister of the interior between 1955 and 1963.
-
(1993)
Stille Zeile Sechs
, pp. 59-60
-
-
Maron, M.1
-
5
-
-
84935548100
-
-
ed. Lewis A. Coser (Chicago)
-
The pioneering study of collective memory is Maurice Halbwachs, On Collective Memory, ed. Lewis A. Coser (Chicago, 1992).
-
(1992)
On Collective Memory
-
-
Halbwachs, M.1
-
6
-
-
0004192207
-
-
Oxford
-
Some of the more insightful studies of collective memory include James Fentress and Chris Wickham, Social Memory (Oxford, 1992);
-
(1992)
Social Memory
-
-
Fentress, J.1
Wickham, C.2
-
12
-
-
0007927998
-
A Surfeit of Memory? Reflections on History, Melancholy and Denial
-
Charles S. Maier, "A Surfeit of Memory? Reflections on History, Melancholy and Denial," History and Memory 5, no. 2 (1993): 136-52;
-
(1993)
History and Memory
, vol.5
, Issue.2
, pp. 136-152
-
-
Maier, C.S.1
-
20
-
-
0347183677
-
Memory in a Totalitarian Society: The Case of the Soviet Union
-
ed. Thomas Butler Oxford
-
Geoffrey A. Hosking, "Memory in a Totalitarian Society: The Case of the Soviet Union," in Memory: History, Culture and the Mind, ed. Thomas Butler (Oxford, 1989), 115-30;
-
(1989)
Memory: History, Culture and the Mind
, pp. 115-130
-
-
Hosking, G.A.1
-
22
-
-
1542517271
-
-
Leipzig
-
Not all autobiographies by Old Communists followed this exact schema. Some Old Communists, for example, wrote about only the Nazi era or the two heroic decades between 1930 and 1950. In addition, some Old Communists had followed biographical trajectories that differed from the Old-Communist norm. However, these departures from the Old-Communist autobiographical norm were usually themselves formulaic and easily inserted into the Old-Communist master narrative. For example, those Old Communists of "bourgeois" origin chronicled an adolescent rebellion against the bourgeois world of their parents, coupled with their adoption of the political mores of the working class, while those Old Communists who had emigrated abroad during the Nazi years recalled how they had held up the Communist battle standards on their front of the antifascist struggle. In a very few cases, memoirs by Old Communists published in East Germany challenged the formula of Old-Communist autobiography. See, for example, Stephan Hermlin, Abendlicht (Leipzig, 1979).
-
(1979)
Abendlicht
-
-
Hermlin, S.1
-
23
-
-
0242480529
-
-
Göttingen
-
While there is now a large literature on the SED's discourse of antifascism, very little has been written on the institutionalization of the SED's official memory of antifascist struggle. The one work that has addressed this issue at some length is Manfred Overesch, Buchenwald und die DDR oder Die Suche nach Selbstlegitimation (Göttingen, 1995).
-
(1995)
Buchenwald und Die DDR Oder Die Suche Nach Selbstlegitimation
-
-
Overesch, M.1
-
24
-
-
33749817290
-
Die geteilte Vergangenheit: Gesellschaftliche Ausgangslagen und politische Dispositionen für den Umgang mit Nationalsozialismus und Widerstand in beiden deutschen Staaten nach 1949
-
ed. Jürgen Kocka (Berlin)
-
For some of the more interesting studies on the SED's antifascist rhetoric, see Jürgen Danyel, "Die geteilte Vergangenheit: Gesellschaftliche Ausgangslagen und politische Dispositionen für den Umgang mit Nationalsozialismus und Widerstand in beiden deutschen Staaten nach 1949," in Historische DDR-Forschung: Aufsätze und Studien, ed. Jürgen Kocka (Berlin, 1993), 129-47;
-
(1993)
Historische DDR-Forschung: Aufsätze und Studien
, pp. 129-147
-
-
Danyel, J.1
-
25
-
-
84968130693
-
Symbols That Face Two Ways: Commemorating the Victims of Nazism and Stalinism at Buchenwald and Sachsenhausen
-
Sarah Farmer, "Symbols That Face Two Ways: Commemorating the Victims of Nazism and Stalinism at Buchenwald and Sachsenhausen," Representations 49 (1995): 97-119;
-
(1995)
Representations
, vol.49
, pp. 97-119
-
-
Farmer, S.1
-
31
-
-
33748310025
-
-
The figure of 296 Old Communists is drawn from a sample of 907 Old Communists on which my dissertation is based. See Epstein, "The Last Revolutionaries."
-
The Last Revolutionaries
-
-
Epstein1
-
34
-
-
79954403759
-
Besuch bei Max Opitz am 12.10.57 in der Präsidialkanzlei
-
12 October
-
Else Grossmann, "Besuch bei Max Opitz am 12.10.57 in der Präsidialkanzlei," 12 October 1957, Stiftung Archiv der Parteien und Massenorganisationen der DDR im Bundesarchiv, Zentrales Parteiarchiv, EA0001/2, 713 (hereafter cited as SAPMO-BA, ZPA).
-
(1957)
Stiftung Archiv der Parteien und Massenorganisationen der DDR im Bundesarchiv, Zentrales Parteiarchiv
, vol.EA0001
, Issue.2
, pp. 713
-
-
Grossmann, E.1
-
35
-
-
79954017094
-
-
Information über die Arbeitsgruppe Erinnerungen, 13 June 1962, SAPMO-BA, ZPA, IV A 2/9.07/281
-
Information über die Arbeitsgruppe Erinnerungen, 13 June 1962, SAPMO-BA, ZPA, IV A 2/9.07/281.
-
-
-
-
36
-
-
79954166149
-
-
The phrase conies from Maier, "Surfeit."
-
Surfeit
-
-
Maier1
-
37
-
-
79954173634
-
-
The term comes from Hosking, "Memory," 117.
-
Memory
, pp. 117
-
-
Hosking1
-
38
-
-
79954324956
-
-
2 vols. (Berlin), Die Akte Honecker
-
On Honecker's antifascist past, see Peter Przybylski, Tatort Politbüro, 2 vols. (Berlin, 1991-92), vol.1, Die Akte Honecker, 48-50.
-
(1991)
Tatort Politbüro
, vol.1
, pp. 48-50
-
-
Przybylski, P.1
-
40
-
-
33751053088
-
-
Frankfurt am Main and Berlin
-
Erich Honecker, Aus meinem Leben (Frankfurt am Main and Berlin, 1981), 91-107;
-
(1981)
Aus Meinem Leben
, pp. 91-107
-
-
Honecker, E.1
-
43
-
-
33751228931
-
-
Ph.D. diss., Institut für Marxismus-Leninismus beim Zentralkomitee der Sozialistischen Einheitspartei Deutschlands
-
Ilse Schiel, "Zum Platz und Wesen der Erinnerungen bei der Verbreitung des marxistischleninistischen Geschichtsbildes: Erfahrungen und Probleme des Sammelns, Gestaltens, Wertens," (Ph.D. diss., Institut für Marxismus-Leninismus beim Zentralkomitee der Sozialistischen Einheitspartei Deutschlands, 1981), 298-302. In the GDR, the IML was an accredited degree-granting institution.
-
(1981)
Zum Platz und Wesen der Erinnerungen Bei der Verbreitung des Marxistischleninistischen Geschichtsbildes: Erfahrungen und Probleme des Sammelns, Gestaltens, Wertens
, pp. 298-302
-
-
Schiel, I.1
-
45
-
-
79953914084
-
-
SAPMO-BA, ZPA, vorl.SED 32839
-
See SAPMO-BA, ZPA, vorl.SED 32839.
-
-
-
-
46
-
-
79953679428
-
-
Berlin
-
Ruth Werner, Sonjas Rapport (Berlin, 1977). This was translated into English as Sonya's Report (London, 1991).
-
(1977)
Sonjas Rapport
-
-
Werner, R.1
-
47
-
-
79954202414
-
Es hat sich gelohnt zu leben
-
Marianne Lange, "Es hat sich gelohnt zu leben," Weimarer Beiträge 25, no. 9 (1979): 87, n. 7.
-
(1979)
Weimarer Beiträge
, vol.25
, Issue.7-9
, pp. 87
-
-
Lange, M.1
-
48
-
-
79954121363
-
-
Indeed, the title of Lange's study of East German memoirs was "It has been worthwhile." Lange, "Es hat sich gelohnt."
-
Es Hat Sich Gelohnt
-
-
Lange1
-
49
-
-
79954294771
-
-
Anton Ackermann to Comrade Eisler (presumably Hilde), 6 May 1963, SAPMO-BA, ZPA, NL109/3, 67
-
Anton Ackermann to Comrade Eisler (presumably Hilde), 6 May 1963, SAPMO-BA, ZPA, NL109/3, 67.
-
-
-
-
50
-
-
79954029304
-
-
Cläre Quast to an Emmi, 17 June 1970, SAPMO-BA, ZPA, EA0740/2, 162
-
Cläre Quast to an Emmi, 17 June 1970, SAPMO-BA, ZPA, EA0740/2, 162.
-
-
-
-
51
-
-
79954102325
-
-
H. Schumann to Josef (Sepp) Haho, 24 December 1958, SAPMO-BA, ZPA, NL98/5, 178
-
H. Schumann to Josef (Sepp) Haho, 24 December 1958, SAPMO-BA, ZPA, NL98/5, 178.
-
-
-
-
52
-
-
79954076003
-
-
Josef (Sepp)Hahn, untitled manuscript, SAPMO-BA, ZPA, NL98/5, 7
-
Josef (Sepp)Hahn, untitled manuscript, SAPMO-BA, ZPA, NL98/5, 7.
-
-
-
-
53
-
-
85010963598
-
Das 'Gedächtnis' der Partei: Diographische und andere Bestände im zentralen Parteiarchiv der SED in der 'Stiftung Archiv der Parteien und Massenorganisationen der DDR im Bundesarchiv'
-
Karin Hartewig briefly compares the published and unpublished versions of the memoirs by Franz Dahlem and Alexander Abusch. Karin Hartewig, "Das 'Gedächtnis' der Partei: Diographische und andere Bestände im zentralen Parteiarchiv der SED in der 'Stiftung Archiv der Parteien und Massenorganisationen der DDR im Bundesarchiv'," Jahrbuch für Historische Kommunnismusforschung (1993): 312-23.
-
(1993)
Jahrbuch für Historische Kommunnismusforschung
, pp. 312-323
-
-
Hartewig, K.1
-
55
-
-
79954275627
-
Erinnerungen
-
185-86
-
Emmy Koenen, "Erinnerungen," SAPMO-BA, ZPA, EA1308/1, 181, 185-86. While some published memoirs by Old Communists, (especially those printed in the 1980s), include brief passages on the purges, these sections are vague, and rarely mention specific purge victims.
-
SAPMO-BA, ZPA
, vol.EA1308
, Issue.1
, pp. 181
-
-
Koenen, E.1
-
57
-
-
79953958208
-
Political Biography and Memoir in Totalitarian Eastern Europe
-
ed. George Egerton (London)
-
On the practice (or lack thereof) of veteran Communists in other Soviet-style states writing their memoirs, see Janos Bak, "Political Biography and Memoir in Totalitarian Eastern Europe," in Political Memoir: Essays on the Politics of Memory, ed. George Egerton (London, 1994), 292-301.
-
(1994)
Political Memoir: Essays on the Politics of Memory
, pp. 292-301
-
-
Bak, J.1
-
59
-
-
79953948079
-
-
Minutes of secretariat meeting, 24 April 1974, SAPMO-BA, ZPA, J IV 2/3/2146, enclosure no. 14, 150
-
Minutes of secretariat meeting, 24 April 1974, SAPMO-BA, ZPA, J IV 2/3/2146, enclosure no. 14, 150.
-
-
-
-
62
-
-
79954304793
-
-
SAPMO-BA, ZPA, EA1244/1-3
-
Drafts of Mewis's postwar memoirs are found in SAPMO-BA, ZPA, EA1244/1-3.
-
-
-
-
63
-
-
79954051627
-
-
Minutes of secretariat meeting, 16 January 1974, SAPMO-BA, ZPA, J IV 2/3/2105, 10
-
Minutes of secretariat meeting, 16 January 1974, SAPMO-BA, ZPA, J IV 2/3/2105, 10.
-
-
-
-
64
-
-
79954242741
-
To the scaffold
-
Mewis wrote that Wehner divulged information to Swedish authorities that ultimately brought two KPD members, Arthur Emmerich and Rudolf Hallmeyer, "to the scaffold" in Germany.
-
Germany
-
-
Emmerich, A.1
Hallmeyer, R.2
-
65
-
-
79954235576
-
Herbert Wehner had been an agent of the British Secret Service for years
-
319
-
Mewis also alleged that in the early 1940s, "Herbert Wehner had been an agent of the British Secret Service for years." Mewis, Im Auftrag, 315, 319.
-
Mewis, im Auftrag
, pp. 315
-
-
Mewis1
-
66
-
-
79954384663
-
-
Munich
-
Michael Scholz, Herbert Wehner in Schweden 1941-1946 (Munich, 1995), 183-85. The quotation comes from a letter drafted by Kurt Vieweg to Wehner, but never actually sent.
-
(1995)
Herbert Wehner in Schweden 1941-1946
, pp. 183-185
-
-
Scholz, M.1
-
67
-
-
79953960618
-
-
SAPMO-BA, ZPA, EA1098/1-2
-
A draft copy of these memoirs is found in SAPMO-BA, ZPA, EA1098/1-2.
-
-
-
-
68
-
-
79954045642
-
Die vereitelte Einheit
-
Excerpts were published in Fritz Selbmann, "Die vereitelte Einheit," Neue deutsche Literatur 38, no. 11 (1990): 119-38.
-
(1990)
Neue Deutsche Literatur
, vol.38
, Issue.11
, pp. 119-138
-
-
Selbmann, F.1
-
69
-
-
79954363910
-
-
Ernst Diehl to Kurt Hager, 21 July 1978, SAPMO-BA, ZPA, Dienstakte Bundesarchiv Fritz Selbmann
-
Ernst Diehl to Kurt Hager, 21 July 1978, SAPMO-BA, ZPA, Dienstakte Bundesarchiv Fritz Selbmann. Diehl's emphasis.
-
-
-
-
70
-
-
79954137899
-
Durchsicht des Umbruchs Fritz Selbmann:Acht Jahre und einTag
-
Verlag Neues Leben, May, SAPMO-BA, ZPA, Dienstakte Bundesarchiv Fritz Selbmann
-
Günter Benser, Durchsicht des Umbruchs Fritz Selbmann:Acht Jahre und einTag. Bilder zur Geschichte der DDR, Verlag Neues Leben, May 1978, SAPMO-BA, ZPA, Dienstakte Bundesarchiv Fritz Selbmann.
-
(1978)
Bilder Zur Geschichte der DDR
-
-
Benser, G.1
-
71
-
-
79954204637
-
-
Berlin, 22 February
-
This was suggested to the author in an interview with Glückauf's son. Rolf Glückauf, interview by author, Berlin, 22 February 1995.
-
(1995)
Interview by Author
-
-
Glückauf, R.1
-
72
-
-
79954402220
-
Erklärung zu dem Gutachten über das Buch des Genossen Glückauf
-
24 March, vorl.SED 21978
-
Prof. Dr. Walter Wimmer and Dr. Karlheinz Pech, Erklärung zu dem Gutachten über das Buch des Genossen Glückauf, 24 March 1977, SAPMO-BA, ZPA, vorl.SED 21978.
-
(1977)
SAPMO-BA, ZPA
-
-
Wimmer, W.1
Pech, K.2
-
73
-
-
79954110798
-
-
Kurt Hager to Erich Honecker, 25 May 1977, SAPMO-BA, ZPA, IV B2/2.024/119
-
Kurt Hager to Erich Honecker, 25 May 1977, SAPMO-BA, ZPA, IV B2/2.024/119.
-
-
-
-
75
-
-
79954102322
-
-
Verlag Neues Leben to Alfred Kurella, 19 May 1967, Alfred-Kurella-Archiv, Akademie der Künste, Akte 879 (hereafter cited as AdK)
-
Verlag Neues Leben to Alfred Kurella, 19 May 1967, Alfred-Kurella-Archiv, Akademie der Künste, Akte 879 (hereafter cited as AdK).
-
-
-
-
76
-
-
79954133934
-
-
Alfred Kurella to Hans Bentzien,25 November 1968, Alfred-Kurella-Archiv, AdK, Akte 879
-
Alfred Kurella to Hans Bentzien,25 November 1968, Alfred-Kurella-Archiv, AdK, Akte 879.
-
-
-
-
77
-
-
79954239360
-
-
Frankfurt
-
Bernd Rainer Barth, Christoph Links, Helmut Müller-Enbergs, and Jan Wielgohs, eds., Wer war wer in der DDR (Frankfurt, 1995), 500.
-
(1995)
Wer War Wer in der DDR
, pp. 500
-
-
Barth, B.R.1
Links, C.2
Müller-Enbergs, H.3
Wielgohs, J.4
-
80
-
-
84866818141
-
Über die Auswertung des Beschlusses des Zentralkomitees zu den 'Lehren aus dem Prozess gegen das Verschwörerzentrum Slansky
-
Berlin
-
For the allegations against Dahlem, see "Über die Auswertung des Beschlusses des Zentralkomitees zu den 'Lehren aus dem Prozess gegen das Verschwörerzentrum Slansky,'" in Dokumente da Sozialistischcn Emheitspartei Deutschlands, vol. 4 (Berlin, 1954), 405-7.
-
(1954)
Dokumente da Sozialistischcn Emheitspartei Deutschlands
, vol.4
, pp. 405-407
-
-
-
81
-
-
79954214922
-
-
260,447ff
-
Dahlem devoted pages to the exemplary political and personal character traits of Paul Merker. See Dahlem, Am Vorabend, l:179,260,447ff. He also praised the political work of many other Old-Communist victims of the Noel-Field Affair, including Paul Bertz, Maria Weiterer, Walter Beling, Hans Teubner, and Rudolf Feistmann.
-
Am Vorabend
, vol.1
, pp. 179
-
-
Dahlem1
-
83
-
-
79953944750
-
-
Minutes of secretariat meeting, 18 November 1975, SAPMO-BA, ZPA, J IV 2/3/238, 2. Some of these "parts" were published in Dahlem, "Franz Dahlem, "in 1990.
-
(1990)
Franz Dahlem
-
-
Dahlem1
-
84
-
-
79953965692
-
-
Günter Heyden to Kurt Hager, 11 November 1974, SAPMO-BA, ZPA, ME-Nr.11.528
-
Günter Heyden to Kurt Hager, 11 November 1974, SAPMO-BA, ZPA, ME-Nr.11.528. Heyden's emphasis.
-
-
-
-
85
-
-
79953931145
-
-
Gutachten zum Manuskript von Franz Dahlem: Am Vorabend des Zweiten Weltkrieges (1938 bis August 1939). Parteigeschichtliche Erinnerungen, 5 November 1974, SAPMO-BA, ZPA, ME-Nr.11.528
-
Gutachten zum Manuskript von Franz Dahlem: Am Vorabend des Zweiten Weltkrieges (1938 bis August 1939). Parteigeschichtliche Erinnerungen, 5 November 1974, SAPMO-BA, ZPA, ME-Nr.11.528.
-
-
-
-
86
-
-
79954349322
-
-
Franz Dahlem to Erich Honecker, 1 July 1975, SAPMO-BA, ZPA, ME-Nr.11.528
-
Franz Dahlem to Erich Honecker, 1 July 1975, SAPMO-BA, ZPA, ME-Nr.11.528.
-
-
-
-
87
-
-
79954342824
-
-
Speech by Johannes R. Becher to the 15th Central Committee Meeting, 24-26 July 1953, SAPMO-BA, ZPA, IV 2/1/120, 132
-
Speech by Johannes R. Becher to the 15th Central Committee Meeting, 24-26 July 1953, SAPMO-BA, ZPA, IV 2/1/120, 132.
-
-
-
-
90
-
-
79953916992
-
Geschichtserlebnis als Lesestoff
-
One kind of official GDR memory did resonate with that of much of a generation of East Germans: fighting for Hitler on the eastern front, capture by Soviet forces, and then "antifascist" reeducation in Soviet POW camps. This official memory found expression in a large group of memoirs written by former Wehrmacht generals. See Artur Arndt, " Geschichtserlebnis als Lesestoff," Neue Deutsche Literatur 25, no. 5 (1976): 144-72.
-
(1976)
Neue Deutsche Literatur
, vol.25
, Issue.5
, pp. 144-172
-
-
Arndt, A.1
|