메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 16, Issue 7, 1999, Pages 425-440

The impact of drugs used in anaesthesia on bacteria

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANESTHETIC AGENT; BARBITURIC ACID DERIVATIVE; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; DIAZEPAM; ETOMIDATE; GLUCONATE CALCIUM; LOCAL ANESTHETIC AGENT; MUSCLE RELAXANT AGENT; OPIATE; OXYGEN; PHENOTHIAZINE; PROPOFOL;

EID: 4243351590     PISSN: 02650215     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2346.1999.00498.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (44)

References (129)
  • 1
    • 84960562442 scopus 로고
    • The influence of alcohol, ether, and chloroform on natural immunity in its relation to leucocytosis and phagocytosis
    • Rubin G. The influence of alcohol, ether, and chloroform on natural immunity in its relation to leucocytosis and phagocytosis. J Infect Dis 1904; 1: 425-444.
    • (1904) J Infect Dis , vol.1 , pp. 425-444
    • Rubin, G.1
  • 3
    • 0026572183 scopus 로고
    • Effects of anaesthesia and surgery on the immune response
    • Salo M. Effects of anaesthesia and surgery on the immune response. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1992; 36: 201-220.
    • (1992) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.36 , pp. 201-220
    • Salo, M.1
  • 4
    • 0029923661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunomodulation: An important concept in modern anaesthesia
    • McBride WT, Armstrong MA, McBride SJ. Immunomodulation: an important concept in modern anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 1996; 51: 465-473.
    • (1996) Anaesthesia , vol.51 , pp. 465-473
    • McBride, W.T.1    Armstrong, M.A.2    McBride, S.J.3
  • 6
    • 0025073513 scopus 로고
    • Infection prevention in intensive care by selective decontamination of the digestive tract
    • Stoutenbeek CP, van Saene HKF. Infection prevention in intensive care by selective decontamination of the digestive tract. J Crit Care 1990; 5: 137-156.
    • (1990) J Crit Care , vol.5 , pp. 137-156
    • Stoutenbeek, C.P.1    Van Saene, H.K.F.2
  • 7
    • 0026806765 scopus 로고
    • Postoperative infections. A prospective analysis of 1396 cases
    • Barana L, Gastaldo L, Maestri F et al. Postoperative infections. A prospective analysis of 1396 cases. Minerva Chir 1992; 47: 1177-1187.
    • (1992) Minerva Chir , vol.47 , pp. 1177-1187
    • Barana, L.1    Gastaldo, L.2    Maestri, F.3
  • 8
    • 0031984563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous source of bacteria in tracheal tube and proximal ventilator breathing system in intensive care patients
    • Inglis TJJ, Lim EW, Lee GSH, Cheong KF, Ng KS. Endogenous source of bacteria in tracheal tube and proximal ventilator breathing system in intensive care patients. Br J Anaesth 1998; 80: 41-45.
    • (1998) Br J Anaesth , vol.80 , pp. 41-45
    • Inglis, T.J.J.1    Lim, E.W.2    Lee, G.S.H.3    Cheong, K.F.4    Ng, K.S.5
  • 10
    • 0030338966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homo bacteriens and a network of surprises
    • Henderson B, Wilson M. Homo bacteriens and a network of surprises. J Med Microbiol 1996; 45: 393-394.
    • (1996) J Med Microbiol , vol.45 , pp. 393-394
    • Henderson, B.1    Wilson, M.2
  • 11
    • 0029985605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokine induction by bacteria: Beyond lipopolysaccharide
    • Henderson B, Wilson M. Cytokine induction by bacteria: beyond lipopolysaccharide. Cytokine 1996; 8: 269-282.
    • (1996) Cytokine , vol.8 , pp. 269-282
    • Henderson, B.1    Wilson, M.2
  • 12
    • 0029891985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial modulins: A novel class of virulence factors which cause host tissue pathology by inducing cytokine synthesis
    • Henderson B, Poole S, Wilson M. Bacterial modulins: a novel class of virulence factors which cause host tissue pathology by inducing cytokine synthesis. Microbiol Rev 1996; 60: 316-341.
    • (1996) Microbiol Rev , vol.60 , pp. 316-341
    • Henderson, B.1    Poole, S.2    Wilson, M.3
  • 13
    • 0027369395 scopus 로고
    • Ulcerative colitis-like disease in mice with a disrupted interleukin-2 gene
    • Sadlack B, Merz H, Schorle H, Schimpl A, Feller AC, Horak I. Ulcerative colitis-like disease in mice with a disrupted interleukin-2 gene. Cell 1993; 75: 253-261.
    • (1993) Cell , vol.75 , pp. 253-261
    • Sadlack, B.1    Merz, H.2    Schorle, H.3    Schimpl, A.4    Feller, A.C.5    Horak, I.6
  • 14
    • 0027521572 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-10-deficient mice develop chronic enterocolitis
    • Kühn R, Löhler J, Rennick D, Rajewsky K, Müller W. Interleukin-10-deficient mice develop chronic enterocolitis. Cell 1993; 75: 263-274.
    • (1993) Cell , vol.75 , pp. 263-274
    • Kühn, R.1    Löhler, J.2    Rennick, D.3    Rajewsky, K.4    Müller, W.5
  • 15
    • 0031052969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokines in anaesthesia
    • Sheeran P, Hall GM. Cytokines in anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 1997; 78: 201-219.
    • (1997) Br J Anaesth , vol.78 , pp. 201-219
    • Sheeran, P.1    Hall, G.M.2
  • 16
    • 0017388031 scopus 로고
    • Bacterial interference. IV. Epidemiological determinants of the antagonistic activity of the normal throat flora against group A Streptococci
    • Sanders CC, Nelson GE, Sanders WE. Bacterial interference. IV. Epidemiological determinants of the antagonistic activity of the normal throat flora against group A Streptococci. Infect Immun 1977; 16: 599-603.
    • (1977) Infect Immun , vol.16 , pp. 599-603
    • Sanders, C.C.1    Nelson, G.E.2    Sanders, W.E.3
  • 17
    • 0023889060 scopus 로고
    • Anaesthesia and the gastro-intestinal system
    • Aitkenhead AR. Anaesthesia and the gastro-intestinal system. Eur J Anaesthesiol 1988; 5: 73-112.
    • (1988) Eur J Anaesthesiol , vol.5 , pp. 73-112
    • Aitkenhead, A.R.1
  • 18
    • 0018741943 scopus 로고
    • Pseudomonas cepacia in 16 non-fatal cases of postoperative bacteremia derived from intrinsic contamination of the anaesthetic fentanyl
    • Siboni K, Olsen H, Ravn E et al. Pseudomonas cepacia in 16 non-fatal cases of postoperative bacteremia derived from intrinsic contamination of the anaesthetic fentanyl. Scand J Infect Dis 1979; 11: 39-45.
    • (1979) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.11 , pp. 39-45
    • Siboni, K.1    Olsen, H.2    Ravn, E.3
  • 19
  • 21
    • 0024273652 scopus 로고
    • A microbiological study of the contamination of the syringes used in anaesthesia practice
    • Lessard MR, Trépanier CA, Gourdeau M, Denault PH. A microbiological study of the contamination of the syringes used in anaesthesia practice. Can J Anaesth 1988; 35: 567-569.
    • (1988) Can J Anaesth , vol.35 , pp. 567-569
    • Lessard, M.R.1    Trépanier, C.A.2    Gourdeau, M.3    Denault, P.H.4
  • 22
    • 0024584504 scopus 로고
    • Glass particle contamination: Influence of aspiration methods and ampule types
    • Sabon RL, Cheng EY, Stommel KA, Hennen CR. Glass particle contamination: Influence of aspiration methods and ampule types. Anesthesiology 1989; 70: 859-862.
    • (1989) Anesthesiology , vol.70 , pp. 859-862
    • Sabon, R.L.1    Cheng, E.Y.2    Stommel, K.A.3    Hennen, C.R.4
  • 23
    • 0007397375 scopus 로고
    • Contamination of drugs in ampules - Container as culprit!
    • Kempen PM, Treiber HS. Contamination of drugs in ampules - container as culprit! Anesth Analg 1990; 70: S197.
    • (1990) Anesth Analg , vol.70
    • Kempen, P.M.1    Treiber, H.S.2
  • 24
    • 0025988122 scopus 로고
    • Drug contamination from opening glass ampules
    • Zacher AN, Zornow MH, Evans G. Drug contamination from opening glass ampules. Anesthesiology 1991; 75: 893-895.
    • (1991) Anesthesiology , vol.75 , pp. 893-895
    • Zacher, A.N.1    Zornow, M.H.2    Evans, G.3
  • 25
    • 0030801767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential management of resistant infections with non-antibiotics
    • Kristiansen JE, Amaral L. The potential management of resistant infections with non-antibiotics. J Antimicrob Chemother 1997; 40: 319-327.
    • (1997) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.40 , pp. 319-327
    • Kristiansen, J.E.1    Amaral, L.2
  • 26
    • 0015691050 scopus 로고
    • Intracolonic oxygen tension and in vivo bactericidial effect of hyperbaric oxygen on rat colonic flora
    • Bornisde GH, Cherry GW, Myeers MB. Intracolonic oxygen tension and in vivo bactericidial effect of hyperbaric oxygen on rat colonic flora. Aerospace Med 1973; 44: 1282-1286.
    • (1973) Aerospace Med , vol.44 , pp. 1282-1286
    • Bornisde, G.H.1    Cherry, G.W.2    Myeers, M.B.3
  • 27
    • 0025715985 scopus 로고
    • Postsurgical infections associated with an extrinsically contaminated intravenous anesthetic agent - California, Illinois, Maine, Michigan 1990
    • Center for Disease Control. Postsurgical infections associated with an extrinsically contaminated intravenous anesthetic agent - California, Illinois, Maine, Michigan 1990. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1990; 39: 426-427.
    • (1990) Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.39 , pp. 426-427
  • 28
    • 0026229737 scopus 로고
    • Microbial growth and endotoxin production in the intravenous anesthetic propofol
    • Arduino MJ, Bland LA, McAllister SK et al. Microbial growth and endotoxin production in the intravenous anesthetic propofol. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1991; 12: 535-539.
    • (1991) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.12 , pp. 535-539
    • Arduino, M.J.1    Bland, L.A.2    McAllister, S.K.3
  • 29
    • 0026409849 scopus 로고
    • Endogenous endophthalmitis after intravenous anesthesia with propofol
    • Daily MJ, Dickey JB, Packo KH. Endogenous endophthalmitis after intravenous anesthesia with propofol. Arch Ophthalmol 1991; 109: 1081-1084.
    • (1991) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.109 , pp. 1081-1084
    • Daily, M.J.1    Dickey, J.B.2    Packo, K.H.3
  • 30
    • 0026625480 scopus 로고
    • Growth curves of Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Moraxella osloensis in propofol and other media
    • Tessler M, Dascal A, Gioseffini S, Miller M, Mendelson J. Growth curves of Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Moraxella osloensis in propofol and other media. Can J Anaesth 1992; 39: 509-511.
    • (1992) Can J Anaesth , vol.39 , pp. 509-511
    • Tessler, M.1    Dascal, A.2    Gioseffini, S.3    Miller, M.4    Mendelson, J.5
  • 31
    • 0029001266 scopus 로고
    • Postoperative infections traced to contamination of an intravenous anesthetic, propofol
    • Bennett SN, McNeil MM, Bland LA et al. Postoperative infections traced to contamination of an intravenous anesthetic, propofol. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 147-154.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 147-154
    • Bennett, S.N.1    McNeil, M.M.2    Bland, L.A.3
  • 32
    • 0030031054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth of microorganisms in propofol, thiopental, and 1: 1 mixture of propofol and thiopental
    • Crowther J, Hrazdil J, Jolly DT, Galbraith JC, Greacen M, Grace M. Growth of microorganisms in propofol, thiopental, and 1: 1 mixture of propofol and thiopental. Anesth Analg 1996; 82: 475-478.
    • (1996) Anesth Analg , vol.82 , pp. 475-478
    • Crowther, J.1    Hrazdil, J.2    Jolly, D.T.3    Galbraith, J.C.4    Greacen, M.5    Grace, M.6
  • 33
  • 34
    • 0027446417 scopus 로고
    • Growth of micro-organisms in solutions of intravenous anaesthetic agents
    • Berry CB, Gillespie T, Hood J, Scott NB. Growth of micro-organisms in solutions of intravenous anaesthetic agents. Anaesthesia 1993; 48: 30-32.
    • (1993) Anaesthesia , vol.48 , pp. 30-32
    • Berry, C.B.1    Gillespie, T.2    Hood, J.3    Scott, N.B.4
  • 35
    • 0342332685 scopus 로고
    • A re-evaluation of the growth rate of Staphylococcus aureus in propofol and Intralipid: Implications on infection
    • Langevin PB, Gulig PA, Gravenstein N, Langevin SO. A re-evaluation of the growth rate of Staphylococcus aureus in propofol and Intralipid: implications on infection. Anesth Analg 1995; 80: S263.
    • (1995) Anesth Analg , vol.80
    • Langevin, P.B.1    Gulig, P.A.2    Gravenstein, N.3    Langevin, S.O.4
  • 37
    • 0025279497 scopus 로고
    • Association of intravenous lipid emulsion and coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia in neonatal intensive care units
    • Freeman J, Goldmann DA, Smith NE, Sidebottom DG, Epstein MF, Platt R. Association of intravenous lipid emulsion and coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia in neonatal intensive care units. N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 301-308.
    • (1990) N Engl J Med , vol.323 , pp. 301-308
    • Freeman, J.1    Goldmann, D.A.2    Smith, N.E.3    Sidebottom, D.G.4    Epstein, M.F.5    Platt, R.6
  • 39
    • 0027524847 scopus 로고
    • Clinical significance of the growth of micro-organisms in propofol
    • Quinn AC, Newman PJ, New LC, Grounds RM. Clinical significance of the growth of micro-organisms in propofol (letter). Anaesthesia 1993; 48: 923.
    • (1993) Anaesthesia , vol.48 , pp. 923
    • Quinn, A.C.1    Newman, P.J.2    New, L.C.3    Grounds, R.M.4
  • 40
    • 0028220722 scopus 로고
    • Do infusions of midazolam and propofol pose an infection risk to critically ill patients?
    • Farrington M, McGinnes J, Matthews I, Park GR. Do infusions of midazolam and propofol pose an infection risk to critically ill patients? Br J Anaesth 1994; 72: 415-417.
    • (1994) Br J Anaesth , vol.72 , pp. 415-417
    • Farrington, M.1    McGinnes, J.2    Matthews, I.3    Park, G.R.4
  • 41
    • 0029081412 scopus 로고
    • Propofol emulsion and bacterial contamination
    • McHugh GJ, Roper GM. Propofol emulsion and bacterial contamination. Can J Anaesth 1995; 42: 801-804.
    • (1995) Can J Anaesth , vol.42 , pp. 801-804
    • McHugh, G.J.1    Roper, G.M.2
  • 42
    • 0030805186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In-use contamination of propofol. A clinical study
    • Bach A, Motsch J, Schmidt H et al. In-use contamination of propofol. A clinical study. Eur J Anaesthesiol 1997; 14: 178-183.
    • (1997) Eur J Anaesthesiol , vol.14 , pp. 178-183
    • Bach, A.1    Motsch, J.2    Schmidt, H.3
  • 43
    • 0027521993 scopus 로고
    • Growth of Staphylococcus aureus in four intravenous anesthetics
    • Sosis MB, Braverman B. Growth of Staphylococcus aureus in four intravenous anesthetics. Anesth Analg 1993; 77: 766-768.
    • (1993) Anesth Analg , vol.77 , pp. 766-768
    • Sosis, M.B.1    Braverman, B.2
  • 44
    • 0026777661 scopus 로고
    • Reconstituted thiopentone retains its alkalinity without bacterial contamination for up to four weeks
    • Wong CL, Warriner CB, McCormack JP, Clarke AM. Reconstituted thiopentone retains its alkalinity without bacterial contamination for up to four weeks. Can J Anaesth 1992; 39: 504-508.
    • (1992) Can J Anaesth , vol.39 , pp. 504-508
    • Wong, C.L.1    Warriner, C.B.2    McCormack, J.P.3    Clarke, A.M.4
  • 45
    • 0026532585 scopus 로고
    • Dose-dependent rate of nosocomial pulmonary infection in mechanically ventilated patients with brain oedema receiving barbiturates: A prospective case study
    • Eberhardt KE, Thimm BM, Spring A, Maskos WR. Dose-dependent rate of nosocomial pulmonary infection in mechanically ventilated patients with brain oedema receiving barbiturates: a prospective case study. Infection 1992; 20: 12-18.
    • (1992) Infection , vol.20 , pp. 12-18
    • Eberhardt, K.E.1    Thimm, B.M.2    Spring, A.3    Maskos, W.R.4
  • 46
    • 0025781407 scopus 로고
    • Gamma-aminobutyric acid-modulated benzodiazepine binding sites in bacteria
    • Lummis SC, Nicoletti G, Johnston GA, Holan G. Gamma-aminobutyric acid-modulated benzodiazepine binding sites in bacteria. Life Sci 1991; 49: 1079-1086.
    • (1991) Life Sci , vol.49 , pp. 1079-1086
    • Lummis, S.C.1    Nicoletti, G.2    Johnston, G.A.3    Holan, G.4
  • 47
    • 0025907359 scopus 로고
    • Mammalian peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor is homologous to CrtK protein of Rhodobacter capsulatus, a photosynthetic bacterium
    • Baker ME, Fanestil DD. Mammalian peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor is homologous to CrtK protein of Rhodobacter capsulatus, a photosynthetic bacterium. Cell 1991; 65: 721-722.
    • (1991) Cell , vol.65 , pp. 721-722
    • Baker, M.E.1    Fanestil, D.D.2
  • 48
    • 0029053844 scopus 로고
    • Postmortem drug metabolism by bacteria
    • Robertson MD, Drummer OH. Postmortem drug metabolism by bacteria. J Forensic Sci 1995; 40: 382-386.
    • (1995) J Forensic Sci , vol.40 , pp. 382-386
    • Robertson, M.D.1    Drummer, O.H.2
  • 49
    • 0023007517 scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial activity of bupivacaine and pethidine
    • Grimmond TR, Brownridge P. Antimicrobial activity of bupivacaine and pethidine. Anaesth Intensive Care 1986; 14: 418-420.
    • (1986) Anaesth Intensive Care , vol.14 , pp. 418-420
    • Grimmond, T.R.1    Brownridge, P.2
  • 51
    • 0042677053 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of bacterial growth by drugs of the morphine series
    • Simon EJ. Inhibition of bacterial growth by drugs of the morphine series. Sci 1964; 144: 543-544.
    • (1964) Sci , vol.144 , pp. 543-544
    • Simon, E.J.1
  • 52
    • 0026554432 scopus 로고
    • An opioid growth factor regulates the replication of microorganisms
    • Zagon IS, McLaughlin PJ. An opioid growth factor regulates the replication of microorganisms. Life Sci 1992; 50: 1179-1187.
    • (1992) Life Sci , vol.50 , pp. 1179-1187
    • Zagon, I.S.1    McLaughlin, P.J.2
  • 53
    • 0026029460 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial Pseudomonas pickettii bacteremias traced to narcotic tampering
    • Maki DG, Klein BS, McCormick RD et al. Nosocomial Pseudomonas pickettii bacteremias traced to narcotic tampering. JAMA 1991; 265: 981-986.
    • (1991) JAMA , vol.265 , pp. 981-986
    • Maki, D.G.1    Klein, B.S.2    McCormick, R.D.3
  • 54
    • 0028012710 scopus 로고
    • Do agents used for epidural analgesia have antimicrobial properties?
    • Feldman JM, Chapin-Robertson K, Turner J. Do agents used for epidural analgesia have antimicrobial properties? Reg Anesth 1994; 19: 43-47.
    • (1994) Reg Anesth , vol.19 , pp. 43-47
    • Feldman, J.M.1    Chapin-Robertson, K.2    Turner, J.3
  • 55
    • 0021970703 scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial activity of bupivacaine and morphine
    • Rosenberg PH, Renkonen OV. Antimicrobial activity of bupivacaine and morphine. Anesthesiology 1985; 62: 178-179.
    • (1985) Anesthesiology , vol.62 , pp. 178-179
    • Rosenberg, P.H.1    Renkonen, O.V.2
  • 56
    • 0016720080 scopus 로고
    • Enzymatic transformation of morphine by hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas testosteroni
    • Liras P, Kasparian SS, Umbreit WW. Enzymatic transformation of morphine by hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas testosteroni. Appl Microbiol 1975; 30: 650-656.
    • (1975) Appl Microbiol , vol.30 , pp. 650-656
    • Liras, P.1    Kasparian, S.S.2    Umbreit, W.W.3
  • 57
    • 0025044084 scopus 로고
    • Microbial degradation of the morphine alkaloids: Identification of morphinone as an intermediate in the metabolism of morphine by Pseudomonas putida M10
    • Bruce NC, Wilmot CJ, Jordan KN, Trebilcock AE, Stephens LDG, Lowe CR. Microbial degradation of the morphine alkaloids: identification of morphinone as an intermediate in the metabolism of morphine by Pseudomonas putida M10. Arch Microbiol 1990; 154: 465-470.
    • (1990) Arch Microbiol , vol.154 , pp. 465-470
    • Bruce, N.C.1    Wilmot, C.J.2    Jordan, K.N.3    Trebilcock, A.E.4    Stephens, L.D.G.5    Lowe, C.R.6
  • 58
    • 0027325946 scopus 로고
    • Biological synthesis of the analgesic hydromorphone, an intermediate in the metabolism of morphine, by Pseudomonas putida M10
    • Hailes AM, Bruce NC. Biological synthesis of the analgesic hydromorphone, an intermediate in the metabolism of morphine, by Pseudomonas putida M10. Appl Environ Microbiol 1993; 59: 2166-2170.
    • (1993) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.59 , pp. 2166-2170
    • Hailes, A.M.1    Bruce, N.C.2
  • 59
    • 0016818880 scopus 로고
    • Studies of the enterohepatic circulation of morphine in the rat
    • Walsh CT, Levine RR. Studies of the enterohepatic circulation of morphine in the rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1975; 195: 303-310.
    • (1975) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.195 , pp. 303-310
    • Walsh, C.T.1    Levine, R.R.2
  • 60
    • 0015156082 scopus 로고
    • Intestinal bacteria and the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds
    • Hawksworth G, Drasar BS, Hill MJ. Intestinal bacteria and the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds. J Med Microbiol 1971; 4: 451-459.
    • (1971) J Med Microbiol , vol.4 , pp. 451-459
    • Hawksworth, G.1    Drasar, B.S.2    Hill, M.J.3
  • 62
    • 84918509452 scopus 로고
    • A report on the employment of ether in surgical therapeusis
    • Waterhouse HF. A report on the employment of ether in surgical therapeusis. Br Med J 1915; 1: 233-237.
    • (1915) Br Med J , vol.1 , pp. 233-237
    • Waterhouse, H.F.1
  • 63
    • 0345223892 scopus 로고
    • The action of ether on certain microorganisms
    • Topley WWC. The action of ether on certain microorganisms. Br Med J 1915; 1: 237-238.
    • (1915) Br Med J , vol.1 , pp. 237-238
    • Topley, W.W.C.1
  • 64
    • 0345223890 scopus 로고
    • A method of suppressing proteus and coliform bacteria on routine blood agar plates
    • Bray J. A method of suppressing proteus and coliform bacteria on routine blood agar plates. J Path Bact 1945; 57: 395-396.
    • (1945) J Path Bact , vol.57 , pp. 395-396
    • Bray, J.1
  • 65
  • 66
    • 0015138229 scopus 로고
    • The effect of halothane on bacterial growth rate
    • Wardley-Smith B, Nunn JF. The effect of halothane on bacterial growth rate. Br J Anaesth 1971; 43: 919-925.
    • (1971) Br J Anaesth , vol.43 , pp. 919-925
    • Wardley-Smith, B.1    Nunn, J.F.2
  • 67
    • 0344793034 scopus 로고
    • Recherches sur l'activité antibactérienne de certains agents anesthésiques
    • Barry PP, Paiement B, Dubeau M. Recherches sur l'activité antibactérienne de certains agents anesthésiques. Can Anaesth Soc J 1964; 11: 640-644.
    • (1964) Can Anaesth Soc J , vol.11 , pp. 640-644
    • Barry, P.P.1    Paiement, B.2    Dubeau, M.3
  • 68
    • 0015589287 scopus 로고
    • The effect of volatile anaesthetics on bacterial growth
    • Mehta S, Behr G, Kenyon D. The effect of volatile anaesthetics on bacterial growth. Can Anaesth Soc J 1973; 20: 230-240.
    • (1973) Can Anaesth Soc J , vol.20 , pp. 230-240
    • Mehta, S.1    Behr, G.2    Kenyon, D.3
  • 69
    • 0027749254 scopus 로고
    • Bacterial growth in isoflurane vapour
    • Slade JM. Bacterial growth in isoflurane vapour. Anaesthesia 1993; 48: 1053-1054.
    • (1993) Anaesthesia , vol.48 , pp. 1053-1054
    • Slade, J.M.1
  • 70
    • 0014802291 scopus 로고
    • The antibacterial action of anaesthetic vapours
    • Horton JN, Sussman M, Mushin WW. The antibacterial action of anaesthetic vapours. Br J Anaesth 1970; 42: 483-487.
    • (1970) Br J Anaesth , vol.42 , pp. 483-487
    • Horton, J.N.1    Sussman, M.2    Mushin, W.W.3
  • 71
    • 0031980509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Halogenated anesthetics inhibit Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth in culture conditions reproducing the alveolar environment
    • Molliex S, Montravers P, Dureuil B, Desmonts JM. Halogenated anesthetics inhibit Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth in culture conditions reproducing the alveolar environment. Anesth Analg 1998; 86: 1075-1078.
    • (1998) Anesth Analg , vol.86 , pp. 1075-1078
    • Molliex, S.1    Montravers, P.2    Dureuil, B.3    Desmonts, J.M.4
  • 72
    • 0018365382 scopus 로고
    • Bactericidal effects of anesthetics
    • Johnson BH, Eger IIEI. Bactericidal effects of anesthetics. Anesth Analg 1979; 58: 136-138.
    • (1979) Anesth Analg , vol.58 , pp. 136-138
    • Johnson, B.H.1    Eger, I.I.E.I.2
  • 73
    • 0022312133 scopus 로고
    • Effect of anaesthetics and dichlorodifluoromethane on the viability of the cells of Escherichia coli and the activities of some of its enzymes
    • Laverty DM, Fennema O. Effect of anaesthetics and dichlorodifluoromethane on the viability of the cells of Escherichia coli and the activities of some of its enzymes. Microbios 1985; 44: 7-20.
    • (1985) Microbios , vol.44 , pp. 7-20
    • Laverty, D.M.1    Fennema, O.2
  • 74
    • 0014930047 scopus 로고
    • Effect of anaesthetics on emission of light by luminous bacteria
    • White DC, Dundas CR. Effect of anaesthetics on emission of light by luminous bacteria. Nature 1970; 226: 456-457.
    • (1970) Nature , vol.226 , pp. 456-457
    • White, D.C.1    Dundas, C.R.2
  • 75
    • 0015877452 scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of anaesthesia: Studies on the bacterial luminescent system in vitro
    • Adey G, Dundas CR, White DC. The mechanism of anaesthesia: studies on the bacterial luminescent system in vitro. Br J Anaesth 1973; 45: 643.
    • (1973) Br J Anaesth , vol.45 , pp. 643
    • Adey, G.1    Dundas, C.R.2    White, D.C.3
  • 76
    • 0021211620 scopus 로고
    • Do general anaesthetics act by competitive binding to specific receptors?
    • Franks NP, Lieb WR. Do general anaesthetics act by competitive binding to specific receptors? Nature 1984; 310: 599-601.
    • (1984) Nature , vol.310 , pp. 599-601
    • Franks, N.P.1    Lieb, W.R.2
  • 77
    • 0025219624 scopus 로고
    • Specific inhibition of antenna bacteriochlorophyll synthesis in chlorobium vibrioforme by anesthetic gases
    • Ormerod JG, Nesbakken T, Beale SI. Specific inhibition of antenna bacteriochlorophyll synthesis in Chlorobium vibrioforme by anesthetic gases. J Bacteriol 1990; 172: 1352-1360.
    • (1990) J Bacteriol , vol.172 , pp. 1352-1360
    • Ormerod, J.G.1    Nesbakken, T.2    Beale, S.I.3
  • 78
    • 0025145213 scopus 로고
    • Gram-negative colonization of the respiratory tract: Pathogenesis and clinical consequences
    • Niederman MS. Gram-negative colonization of the respiratory tract: pathogenesis and clinical consequences. Semin Respir Infect 1990; 5: 173-184.
    • (1990) Semin Respir Infect , vol.5 , pp. 173-184
    • Niederman, M.S.1
  • 79
    • 84930304123 scopus 로고
    • The influence of ether and ether anesthesia on bacteriolysis, agglutination, and phagocytosis
    • Graham EA. The influence of ether and ether anesthesia on bacteriolysis, agglutination, and phagocytosis. J Infect Dis 1911; 8: 147-175.
    • (1911) J Infect Dis , vol.8 , pp. 147-175
    • Graham, E.A.1
  • 80
    • 0024991279 scopus 로고
    • Reduced expression of mannose-specific receptors on murine peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes following prolonged anaesthesia with different inhalation agents
    • Bárdosi L, Bérdosi A, Hendrys M, Gabius HJ. Reduced expression of mannose-specific receptors on murine peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes following prolonged anaesthesia with different inhalation agents. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1990; 34: 286-290.
    • (1990) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.34 , pp. 286-290
    • Bárdosi, L.1    Bérdosi, A.2    Hendrys, M.3    Gabius, H.J.4
  • 81
    • 0017595295 scopus 로고
    • Adherence of Escherichia coli to human mucosal cells mediated by mannose receptors
    • Ofek I, Mirelman D, Sharon N. Adherence of Escherichia coli to human mucosal cells mediated by mannose receptors. Nature 1977; 265: 623-625.
    • (1977) Nature , vol.265 , pp. 623-625
    • Ofek, I.1    Mirelman, D.2    Sharon, N.3
  • 82
    • 25544465052 scopus 로고
    • Impact of halothane on bacterial adherence in vitro
    • Bátai I, Kerényi M, Tekeres M, Sarang K. Impact of halothane on bacterial adherence in vitro. Br J Anaesth 1995; 74 (Suppl. 1): 93.
    • (1995) Br J Anaesth , vol.74 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 93
    • Bátai, I.1    Kerényi, M.2    Tekeres, M.3    Sarang, K.4
  • 83
    • 84965214394 scopus 로고
    • Remarks on general spinal analgesia
    • Jonnesco T. Remarks on general spinal analgesia. Br Med J 1909; 2: 1396-1401.
    • (1909) Br Med J , vol.2 , pp. 1396-1401
    • Jonnesco, T.1
  • 84
    • 77049191586 scopus 로고
    • Preparation, sterilization, and preservation of ophthalmic solutions. Experimental studies and a practical method
    • Murphy JT, Allen HF, Mangiaracine AB. Preparation, sterilization, and preservation of ophthalmic solutions. Experimental studies and a practical method. Arch Ophthalmol 1955; 53: 63-78.
    • (1955) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.53 , pp. 63-78
    • Murphy, J.T.1    Allen, H.F.2    Mangiaracine, A.B.3
  • 85
    • 0012749046 scopus 로고
    • Bacteriologic studies and effects of anesthetic solutions on bronchial secretions during bronchoscopy
    • Erlich H. Bacteriologic studies and effects of anesthetic solutions on bronchial secretions during bronchoscopy. Am Rev Resp Dis 1961; 84: 414-421.
    • (1961) Am Rev Resp Dis , vol.84 , pp. 414-421
    • Erlich, H.1
  • 86
    • 73649158515 scopus 로고
    • The role of the topical anesthetic agent in modifying bacteriologic data obtained by bronchoscopy
    • Conte BA, Laforet EG. The role of the topical anesthetic agent in modifying bacteriologic data obtained by bronchoscopy. N Engl J Med 1962; 267: 957-960.
    • (1962) N Engl J Med , vol.267 , pp. 957-960
    • Conte, B.A.1    Laforet, E.G.2
  • 87
    • 0009196316 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of microorganisms by topical anesthetics
    • Kleinfeld J, Ellis PP. Inhibition of microorganisms by topical anesthetics. Appl Microbiol 1967; 15: 1296-1298.
    • (1967) Appl Microbiol , vol.15 , pp. 1296-1298
    • Kleinfeld, J.1    Ellis, P.P.2
  • 89
    • 0018725991 scopus 로고
    • Epidural abscess: A hazard of spinal epidural anaesthesia
    • North JB, Brophy BP. Epidural abscess: a hazard of spinal epidural anaesthesia. Aust N Z J Surg 1979; 49: 484-485.
    • (1979) Aust N Z J Surg , vol.49 , pp. 484-485
    • North, J.B.1    Brophy, B.P.2
  • 90
    • 84943446120 scopus 로고
    • Antibacterial properties of lidocaine on bacteria isolated from dermal lesions
    • Miller MA, Shelley WB. Antibacterial properties of lidocaine on bacteria isolated from dermal lesions. Arch Dermatol 1985; 121: 1157-1159.
    • (1985) Arch Dermatol , vol.121 , pp. 1157-1159
    • Miller, M.A.1    Shelley, W.B.2
  • 91
    • 0017336568 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the antibacterial properties of six local analgesic agents
    • Zaidi S, Healy TEJ. A comparison of the antibacterial properties of six local analgesic agents. Anaesthesia 1977; 32: 69-70.
    • (1977) Anaesthesia , vol.32 , pp. 69-70
    • Zaidi, S.1    Healy, T.E.J.2
  • 92
    • 0020617833 scopus 로고
    • Local anaesthetics as antimicrobial agents: Structure-action considerations
    • Fazly Bazaz BS, Salt WG. Local anaesthetics as antimicrobial agents: structure-action considerations. Microbios 1983; 37: 45-64.
    • (1983) Microbios , vol.37 , pp. 45-64
    • Fazly Bazaz, B.S.1    Salt, W.G.2
  • 93
    • 0025046327 scopus 로고
    • Antibacterial activity of local anesthetics
    • Noda H, Saionji K, Miyazaki T. Antibacterial activity of local anesthetics. Masui 1990; 39: 994-1001.
    • (1990) Masui , vol.39 , pp. 994-1001
    • Noda, H.1    Saionji, K.2    Miyazaki, T.3
  • 94
    • 0029925377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bactericidal activity of clinically used local anesthetics on staphylococcus aureus
    • Sakuragi T, Ishino H, Dan K. Bactericidal activity of clinically used local anesthetics on Staphylococcus aureus. Reg Anesth 1996; 21: 239-242.
    • (1996) Reg Anesth , vol.21 , pp. 239-242
    • Sakuragi, T.1    Ishino, H.2    Dan, K.3
  • 96
    • 0023898667 scopus 로고
    • Effect of temperature on antibacterial activity of lidocaine to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • Taki Y, Seki K, Ikigai H, Nishihara S, Ueno H, Murota K, Masuda S. Effect of temperature on antibacterial activity of lidocaine to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiol Immunol 1988; 32: 429-434.
    • (1988) Microbiol Immunol , vol.32 , pp. 429-434
    • Taki, Y.1    Seki, K.2    Ikigai, H.3    Nishihara, S.4    Ueno, H.5    Murota, K.6    Masuda, S.7
  • 98
    • 0017714907 scopus 로고
    • In vitro effects of lidocaine on anaerobic respiratory pathogens and strains of Hemophilus influenzae
    • Ravin CE, Latimer JM, Matsen JM. In vitro effects of lidocaine on anaerobic respiratory pathogens and strains of Hemophilus influenzae. Chest 1977; 72: 439-441.
    • (1977) Chest , vol.72 , pp. 439-441
    • Ravin, C.E.1    Latimer, J.M.2    Matsen, J.M.3
  • 99
    • 0014807654 scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial activity of local anesthetics: Lidocaine and procaine
    • Schmidt RM, Rosenkranz HS. Antimicrobial activity of local anesthetics: lidocaine and procaine. J Infect Dis 1970; 121: 597-607.
    • (1970) J Infect Dis , vol.121 , pp. 597-607
    • Schmidt, R.M.1    Rosenkranz, H.S.2
  • 100
    • 0018570564 scopus 로고
    • Local anesthetics block induction of the Pseudomonas alk regulon
    • Benson SA. Local anesthetics block induction of the Pseudomonas alk regulon. J Bacteriol 1979; 140: 1123-1125.
    • (1979) J Bacteriol , vol.140 , pp. 1123-1125
    • Benson, S.A.1
  • 101
    • 0017520965 scopus 로고
    • Induction of alkaline phosphatase in Escherichia coli. Effect of procaine hydrochloride
    • Tribhuwan RC, Pradhan DS. Induction of alkaline phosphatase in Escherichia coli. Effect of procaine hydrochloride. J Bacteriol 1977; 131: 431-437.
    • (1977) J Bacteriol , vol.131 , pp. 431-437
    • Tribhuwan, R.C.1    Pradhan, D.S.2
  • 102
    • 0018762383 scopus 로고
    • Procaine, a local anesthetic interacting with the cell membrane, inhibits the processing of precursor forms of periplasmic proteins in Escherichia coli
    • Lazdunski C, Pages J. Procaine, a local anesthetic interacting with the cell membrane, inhibits the processing of precursor forms of periplasmic proteins in Escherichia coli. Eur J Biochem 1979; 96: 49-57.
    • (1979) Eur J Biochem , vol.96 , pp. 49-57
    • Lazdunski, C.1    Pages, J.2
  • 103
    • 0018427156 scopus 로고
    • Neuroactive drugs inhibit trypsin and outer membrane protein processing in Escherichia coli K-12
    • Gayda RC, Henderson GW, Markovitz A. Neuroactive drugs inhibit trypsin and outer membrane protein processing in Escherichia coli K-12. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1979; 76: 2138-2142.
    • (1979) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.76 , pp. 2138-2142
    • Gayda, R.C.1    Henderson, G.W.2    Markovitz, A.3
  • 104
    • 0018942434 scopus 로고
    • In vivo effects of local anesthetics on the production of major outer membrane proteins by Escherichia coli
    • Pugsley AP, Conrad DJ, Schnaitman CA, Gregg TI. In vivo effects of local anesthetics on the production of major outer membrane proteins by Escherichia coli. Biochim Biophys Acta 1980; 599: 1-12.
    • (1980) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.599 , pp. 1-12
    • Pugsley, A.P.1    Conrad, D.J.2    Schnaitman, C.A.3    Gregg, T.I.4
  • 105
    • 0019792354 scopus 로고
    • Selective inhibition of carbohydrate transport by the local anesthetic procaine in Escherichia coli
    • Granett S, Villarejo M. Selective inhibition of carbohydrate transport by the local anesthetic procaine in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 1981; 147: 289-296.
    • (1981) J Bacteriol , vol.147 , pp. 289-296
    • Granett, S.1    Villarejo, M.2
  • 107
    • 0028074285 scopus 로고
    • Lidocaine hydrochloride and acetylsalicylate kill bacteria by disrupting the bacterial membrane potential in different ways
    • Ohsuka S, Ohta M, Masuda K, Arakawa Y, Kaneda T, Kato N. Lidocaine hydrochloride and acetylsalicylate kill bacteria by disrupting the bacterial membrane potential in different ways. Microbiol Immunol 1994; 38: 429-434.
    • (1994) Microbiol Immunol , vol.38 , pp. 429-434
    • Ohsuka, S.1    Ohta, M.2    Masuda, K.3    Arakawa, Y.4    Kaneda, T.5    Kato, N.6
  • 108
    • 0020560076 scopus 로고
    • Local anaesthetics as antibacterial agents: Effects on cellular respiration and the leakage of cytoplasmic constituents
    • Fazly Bazaz BS, Salt WG. Local anaesthetics as antibacterial agents: effects on cellular respiration and the leakage of cytoplasmic constituents. Microbios 1983; 37: 139-149.
    • (1983) Microbios , vol.37 , pp. 139-149
    • Fazly Bazaz, B.S.1    Salt, W.G.2
  • 109
    • 0026580104 scopus 로고
    • Induction by psychotropic drugs and local anesthetics of DnaK and GroEL proteins in Escherichia coli
    • Tanji K, Mizushima T, Natori S, Sekimizu K. Induction by psychotropic drugs and local anesthetics of DnaK and GroEL proteins in Escherichia coli. Biochim Biophys Acta 1992; 1129: 172-176.
    • (1992) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1129 , pp. 172-176
    • Tanji, K.1    Mizushima, T.2    Natori, S.3    Sekimizu, K.4
  • 110
    • 0017692179 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of action of tetracaine hydrochloride against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • Leung YW, Rawal BD. Mechanism of action of tetracaine hydrochloride against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Infect Dis 1977; 136: 679-683.
    • (1977) J Infect Dis , vol.136 , pp. 679-683
    • Leung, Y.W.1    Rawal, B.D.2
  • 111
    • 0030755070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of lidocaine on endotoxin-induced leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and macromolecular leakage in vivo
    • Schmidt W, Schmidt H, Bauer H, Gebhard MM, Martin E. Influence of lidocaine on endotoxin-induced leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and macromolecular leakage in vivo. Anesthesiology 1997; 87: 617-624.
    • (1997) Anesthesiology , vol.87 , pp. 617-624
    • Schmidt, W.1    Schmidt, H.2    Bauer, H.3    Gebhard, M.M.4    Martin, E.5
  • 112
    • 0014497479 scopus 로고
    • Viral and bacterial contamination of multiple-dose drug vials kept in anesthesia machines
    • Clayton WP, Heggers JP, Shelton DF, Mendenhall MK. Viral and bacterial contamination of multiple-dose drug vials kept in anesthesia machines. Anesthesiology 1969; 30: 465-468.
    • (1969) Anesthesiology , vol.30 , pp. 465-468
    • Clayton, W.P.1    Heggers, J.P.2    Shelton, D.F.3    Mendenhall, M.K.4
  • 114
    • 0019941737 scopus 로고
    • Growth of nosocomial pathogens in multiple-dose parenteral medication vials
    • Highsmith AK, Greenhood GP, Allen JR. Growth of nosocomial pathogens in multiple-dose parenteral medication vials. J Clin Microbiol 1982; 15: 1024-1028.
    • (1982) J Clin Microbiol , vol.15 , pp. 1024-1028
    • Highsmith, A.K.1    Greenhood, G.P.2    Allen, J.R.3
  • 115
    • 0026474799 scopus 로고
    • Synergic effect of chlorpromazine on the activity of some antibiotics
    • Amaral L, Kristiansen JE, Lorian V. Synergic effect of chlorpromazine on the activity of some antibiotics. J Antimicrob Chemother 1992; 30: 556-558.
    • (1992) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.30 , pp. 556-558
    • Amaral, L.1    Kristiansen, J.E.2    Lorian, V.3
  • 116
    • 0025641772 scopus 로고
    • Synergistic effect of promethazine with gentamycin in frequently recurring pyelonephritis
    • Molnár J, Haszon I, Bodrogi T, Martonyi E, Turi S. Synergistic effect of promethazine with gentamycin in frequently recurring pyelonephritis. Int Urol Nephrol 1990; 22: 405-411.
    • (1990) Int Urol Nephrol , vol.22 , pp. 405-411
    • Molnár, J.1    Haszon, I.2    Bodrogi, T.3    Martonyi, E.4    Turi, S.5
  • 117
    • 0017063689 scopus 로고
    • Antibacterial effect of some phenothiazine compounds and the R-factor elimination by chlorpromazine
    • Molnár J, Mándi Y, Király J. Antibacterial effect of some phenothiazine compounds and the R-factor elimination by chlorpromazine. Acta Microbiol Acad Sci Hung 1976; 23: 45-54.
    • (1976) Acta Microbiol Acad Sci Hung , vol.23 , pp. 45-54
    • Molnár, J.1    Mándi, Y.2    Király, J.3
  • 118
    • 0020966111 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of the adhesion of IX. Coli cells in the presence of promethazine or imipramine
    • Molnár J, Mucsi I, Kása P. Inhibition of the adhesion of IX. coli cells in the presence of promethazine or imipramine. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg [A] 1983; 254: 388-396.
    • (1983) Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg [A] , vol.254 , pp. 388-396
    • Molnár, J.1    Mucsi, I.2    Kása, P.3
  • 119
    • 0018718216 scopus 로고
    • Experiments to illustrate the effect of chlorpromazine on the permeability of the bacterial cell wall
    • Krisriansen JEH. Experiments to illustrate the effect of chlorpromazine on the permeability of the bacterial cell wall. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand Sect B 1979; 87: 317-319.
    • (1979) Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand Sect B , vol.87 , pp. 317-319
    • Krisriansen, J.E.H.1
  • 120
    • 0025850483 scopus 로고
    • Effects of chlorpromazine on the cell envelope proteins of Escherichia coli
    • Amaral L, Lorian V. Effects of chlorpromazine on the cell envelope proteins of Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1991; 35: 1923-1924.
    • (1991) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.35 , pp. 1923-1924
    • Amaral, L.1    Lorian, V.2
  • 121
    • 0030462751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of the respiration of multi-drug resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by thioridazine: Potential use for initial therapy of freshly diagnosed tuberculosis
    • Amaral L, Kristiansen JE, Abebe L, Millett W. Inhibition of the respiration of multi-drug resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by thioridazine: potential use for initial therapy of freshly diagnosed tuberculosis. J Antimicrob Chemother 1997; 38: 1049-1053.
    • (1997) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.38 , pp. 1049-1053
    • Amaral, L.1    Kristiansen, J.E.2    Abebe, L.3    Millett, W.4
  • 122
    • 0027052626 scopus 로고
    • Chlorpromazine: A drug potentially useful for treating mycobacterial infections
    • Crowle AJ, Douvas GS, May MH. Chlorpromazine: a drug potentially useful for treating mycobacterial infections. Chemotherapy 1992; 38: 410-419.
    • (1992) Chemotherapy , vol.38 , pp. 410-419
    • Crowle, A.J.1    Douvas, G.S.2    May, M.H.3
  • 123
    • 0017098457 scopus 로고
    • Bacteria in medications. Growth during emergency resuscitation
    • Spalter J, Jackson M, Matz R. Bacteria in medications. Growth during emergency resuscitation. NY State J Med 1976; 76: 693-694.
    • (1976) Ny State J Med , vol.76 , pp. 693-694
    • Spalter, J.1    Jackson, M.2    Matz, R.3
  • 124
    • 25544467309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth of microorganisms in intravenous nitrates or in sodium nitroprusside
    • Bétai I, Kerényi M, Kiss A, Tekeres M. Growth of microorganisms in intravenous nitrates or in sodium nitroprusside. Anesth Analg 1997; 84: S467.
    • (1997) Anesth Analg , vol.84
    • Bétai, I.1    Kerényi, M.2    Kiss, A.3    Tekeres, M.4
  • 125
    • 0021875069 scopus 로고
    • In vitro antistreptococcal activity of the potassium sparing diuretics amiloride and triamterene
    • Giunta S, Galeazi L, Turchetti G, Sampaoli G, Groppa G. In vitro antistreptococcal activity of the potassium sparing diuretics amiloride and triamterene. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1985; 28: 419-420.
    • (1985) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.28 , pp. 419-420
    • Giunta, S.1    Galeazi, L.2    Turchetti, G.3    Sampaoli, G.4    Groppa, G.5
  • 126
    • 0024329265 scopus 로고
    • Reduction of capsular polysaccharide production in Klebsiella pneumoniae by sodium salicylate
    • Domenico P, Schwartz S, Cunha BA. Reduction of capsular polysaccharide production in Klebsiella pneumoniae by sodium salicylate. Infect Immun 1989; 57: 3778-3782.
    • (1989) Infect Immun , vol.57 , pp. 3778-3782
    • Domenico, P.1    Schwartz, S.2    Cunha, B.A.3
  • 127
    • 0017353402 scopus 로고
    • Effect of N-acetylcysteine on antibiotic activity and bacterial growth in vitro
    • Parry MF, Neu HC. Effect of N-acetylcysteine on antibiotic activity and bacterial growth in vitro. J Clin Microbiol 1977; 5: 58-61.
    • (1977) J Clin Microbiol , vol.5 , pp. 58-61
    • Parry, M.F.1    Neu, H.C.2
  • 128
    • 0021026109 scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial activity of topical beta-adrenergic blocking agents
    • Takahashi N, Murota H, Sutoh I. Antimicrobial activity of topical beta-adrenergic blocking agents. Ophthalmic Res 1983; 15: 277-279.
    • (1983) Ophthalmic Res , vol.15 , pp. 277-279
    • Takahashi, N.1    Murota, H.2    Sutoh, I.3
  • 129
    • 0027484211 scopus 로고
    • Antibacterial activities of non-antibiotic drugs
    • Cederlund H, Mårdh P. Antibacterial activities of non-antibiotic drugs. J Antimicrob Chemother 1993; 32: 355-365.
    • (1993) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.32 , pp. 355-365
    • Cederlund, H.1    Mårdh, P.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.