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A recent exception to this general rule has coincided with the discovery and feasibility of separating drug isomers. Thus, L-citalopram and R-fluoxetine have appeared as new antidepressant candidates. These products tend to appear as the older version's patent expires.
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Merck's 1997 agreement with Biogen, in which Merck initially paid Biogen $15 million with milestone payments of up to $130 million to develop VLA-4 inhibitors, represents a typical example.
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