Toxic mold and mycotoxins in neurotoxicity cases: Stachybotrys, fusarium, trichoderma, aspergillus, penicillium, cladosporium, alternaria, trichothecenes

Psychological Reports

Volumn 93, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 561-584

  Lees Haley, Paul R ^a,b  

^a Independent Practice   (United States)

^b NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 4243118540     PISSN: 00332941     EISSN: 1558691X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2466/pr0.2003.93.2.561     Document Type: Article

References (125)

1. ALBERT, S., Fox, H. M., & KAHN, M. W. (1980) Faking psychosis on a Rorschach: can expert judges detect malingering? Journal of Personality Assessment, 44, 115-119.
2. Allison v. Fire Insurance Exchange, 98 S.W.3d 227 (Tex. App. 2002).
3. AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION. (1987) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. (3rd ed., Rev.) Washington, DC: Author.
4. AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION. (1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. (4th ed.) Washington, DC: Author.
5. AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION. (2000) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-text revision. (4th ed.-TR) Washington, DC: Author.
6. ANGELL, M. (1996) Science on trial: the clash of medical evidence and the law in the breast implant case. New York: Norton.
7. ASSOULIN-DAYAN, Y., LEONG, A., SHOENFELD, Y., & GERSHWIN, M. E. (2002) Studies of sick building syndrome: IV. Mycotoxicosis. Journal of Asthma, 39, 191-201.
8. BAGBY, R. M., NICHOLSON, R. A., BUIS, T., RADOVANOVIC, H., & FIDLER, B. J. (1999) Defensive responding on the MMPI-2 in family custody and access evaluations. Psychological Assessment, 11, 24-28.
9. BAIRD, B. N. (2002) Politics, operant conditioning, Galileo, and the American Psychological Association's response to Rind, et al. (1998). American Psychologist, 57, 189-192.
10. BALDO, J. V., AHMAD, L., & RUFF, R. (2002) Neuropsychological performance of patients following mold exposure. Applied Neuropsychology, 9, 193-202.
11. BARTH, J. T., ALVES, W. M., RYAN, T. V., MACCIOCCHI, S. N., RIMEL, R. W., JANE, J. A., & NELSON, W. E. (1989) Mild head injury in sports: neuropsychological sequelae and recovery of function. In H. S. Levin, H. M. Eisenberg, & A. L. Benton (Eds.), Mild head injury. New York: Oxford Univer. Press. Pp. 257-275.
12. BERRY, D., WETTER, M., BAER, R., YOUNGJOHN, J., GASS, C., LAMB, D., FRANZEN, M., MACINNES, W., & BUCHOLZ, D. (1995) Overreporting of closed head injury symptoms on the MMPI-2. Psychological Assessment, 7, 517-523.
13. BERRY, D. T. R. (1995) Detecting distortion in forensic evaluations with the MMPI-2. In Y. S. Ben-Porath, J. R. Graham, G. C. N. Hall, R. D. Hirschman, & M. S. Zaragoza (Eds.), Forensic applications of the MMPI-2. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Pp. 82-102.
14. BINDER, L. M. (1993) Assessment of malingering after mild head trauma with the Portland Digit Recognition Test. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 15, 170-182.
15. BINDER, L. M., & ROHLING, M. L. (1996) Money matters: meta-analytic review of the effects of financial incentives on recovery after closed-head injury. American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 7-10.
16. BINDER, L. M., ROHLING, M. L., & LARRABEE, G. J. (1997) A review of mild head trauma: Part I. Meta-analytic review of neuropsychological studies. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 19, 421-431.
17. BINDER, L. M., & WILLIS, S. C. (1991) Assessment of motivation after financially compensable minor head trauma. Psychological Assessment: a Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 3, 175-181.
18. BRAUN, K. A., ELLIS, R., & LOFTUS, E. F. (2002) Make my memory: how advertising can change our memories of the past. Psychology & Marketing, 19, 1-23.
19. BURGE, H. A. (2001) Fungi: toxic killers or unavoidable nuisances? Annals of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology, 87, 52-56.
20. BURGES, C., & MCMILLAN, T. M. (2001) The ability of naive participants to report symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 40, 209-214.
21. BURY, A. S., & BAGBY, R. M. (2002) The detection of feigned uncoached and coached posttraumatic stress disorder with the MMPI-2 in a sample of workplace accident victims. Psychological Assessment, 14, 472-484.
22. CAMPBELL, W. H., & TUETH, M. J. (1997) Misplaced rewards: Veterans' Administration system and symptom magnification. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 336, 42-46.
23. CIALDINI, R. B. (1993) Influence: the psychology of persuasion. (Rev. ed.) New York: Quill.
24. COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS. (1998) Toxic effects of indoor molds. (RE9736) Pediatrics, 101, 712-714.
25. CORR, P. J., & GRAY, J. A. (1995) Relationship between attributional style and Lie scores in an occupational sample motivated to fake good. Personality and Individual Differences, 18, 433-435.
26. DIKMEN, S. S., MACHAMER, J. E., WINN, H. R., & TEMKIN, N. R. (1995) Neuropsychological outcome at 1-year post head injury. Neuropsychology, 9, 80-90.
27. DIKMEN, S. S., MCLEAN, A., & TEMKIN, N. R. (1986) Neuropsychological and psychosocial consequences of minor head injury. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 49, 1227-1232.
28. DUNN, J. T., LEES-HALEY, P. R., BROWN, R. S., WILLIAMS, C. W., & ENGLISH, L. T. (1995) Neurotoxic complaint base rates of personal injury claimants: implications for neuropsychological assessment. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51, 577-584.
29. FAUST, D., HART, K., & GUILMETTE, T. J. (1988) Pediatric malingering: the capacity of children to fake believable deficits on neuropsychological testing. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 578-582.
30. FEE, C. R. A., & RUTHERFORD, W. H. (1988) A study of the effect of legal settlement on post-concussion symptoms. Archives of Emergency Medicine, 5, 12-17.
31. FEINSTEIN, A., OUCHTERLONY, D., SOMERVILLE, J., & JARDINE, A. (2001) The effects of litigation on symptom expression: a prospective study following mild traumatic brain injury. Medicine, Science and the Law, 41, 116-121.
32. FEINSTEIN, A. R. (1985) Clinical epidemiology: the architecture of clinical research. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders.
33. FEINSTEIN, A. R. (1988) Scientific standards in epidemiologic studies of the menace of everyday life. Science, 242, 1257-1263.
34. FOSTER, K. R., BERNSTEIN, D. E., & HUBER, P. W. (1994) Phantom risk. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
35. FOX, D. D., LEES-HALEY, P. R., EARNEST, K., & DOLEZAL-WOOD, S. (1995a) Base rates of post-concussive symptoms in health maintenance organization patients and controls. Neuropsychology, 9, 606-611.
36. Fox, D. D., LEES-HALEY, P. R., EARNEST, K., & DOLEZAL-WOOD, S. (1995b) Post-concussive symptoms: base rates and etiology in psychiatric patients. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 9, 89-92.
37. FRUEH, B. C., GOLD, P. B., & DE ARELLANO, M. A. (1997) Symptom overreporting in combat veterans evaluated for PTSD: differentiation on the basis of compensation seeking status. Journal of Personality Assessment, 68, 369-384.
38. FRUEH, B. C., HAMNER, M. B., CAHILL, S. P., GOLD, P. B., & HAMLIN, K. L. (2000) Apparent symptom overreporting in combat veterans evaluated for PTSD. Clinical Psychology Review, 20, 853-885.
39. FRUEH, B. C., SMITH, D. W., & BARKER, S. E. (1996) Compensation seeking status and psychometric assessment of combat veterans seeking treatment for PTSD. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9, 427-439.
40. FUMENTO, M. (1993) Science under siege: balancing technology and the environment. New York: William Morrow.
41. FUNG, F., CLARK, R., & WILLIAMS, S. (1998a) Stachybotrys, a mycotoxin-producing fungus of increasing toxicologic importance. Journal of Toxicology and Clinical Toxicology, 36, 79-86.
42. FUNG, F., CLARK, R., & WILLIAMS, S. (1998b) Stachybotrys: still under investigation. Journal of Toxicology and Clinical Toxicology, 36, 633-634.
43. FUNG, F., & HUGHSON, W. G. (2002) Health effects of indoor fungal bioaerosol exposure. In Proceedings: indoor air, 2002, Pp. 46-51.
44. GERVAIS, R. O., GREEN, P., ALLEN, L. M., & IVERSON, G. L. (2001) Effects of coaching on symptom validity testing in chronic pain patients presenting for disability assessments. Journal of Forensic Neuropsychology, 2, 1-19.
45. GILOVICH, T. (1993) How we know what isn't so. New York: Free Press.
46. GOLD, P. B., & FRUEH, C. B. (1999) Compensation-seeking and extreme exaggeration of psychopathology among combat veterans evaluated for posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 187, 680-684.
47. GORDON, W. A., JOHANNING, E., & HADDAD, L. (1999) Cognitive impairment associated with exposure to toxigenic fungi, 94-98 (1999). In E. Johanning (Ed.), Bioaerosols, fungi and mycotoxins: health effects, assessment, prevention and control. New York: Eastern New York Occupational and Environmental Health. Pp. 94-98.
48. GOTS, R. E. (1993) Toxic risks: science, regulation, and perception. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publ.
49. GOTS, R. E. (2002) Correcting mold misinformation. Presentation to Mold Medicine, Mold Science, Georgetown Univer., Washington, DC, May 13-14.
50. GOUVIER, W. D., CUBIC, R., JONES, G., BRANTLEY, P., & CUTLIP, Q. (1992) Postconcussion symptoms and daily stress in normal and head-injured college populations. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 7, 193-211.
51. GOUVIER, W. D., UDDO-CRANE, M., & BROWN, L. M. (1988) Base rates of postconcussional symptoms. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 3, 273-278.
52. GREEN, P., ROHLING, M. L., LEES-HALEY, P. R., & ALLEN, L. M. (2001) Effort has a greater effect on test scores than severe brain injury in compensation claimants. Brain Injury, 15, 1045-1060.
53. GREIFFENSTEIN, M. F., BAKER, J., & GOLA, T. (1994) Validation of malingered amnesia measures with a large clinical sample. Psychological Assessment, 6, 218-224.
54. GHONWALL, D., & WRIGHTSON, P. (1974) Delayed recovery of intellectual function after minor head injury. Lancet, 2, 605-609.
55. GUIDOTTI, T. L., & JACOBS, P. (1993) The implications of an epidemiological mistake: a community's response to a perceived excess cancer risk. American Journal of Public Health, 83, 233-239.
56. HAMILTON, A. (2001) Beware: toxic mold. Time, 157, 54-55.
57. HARBISON, R. D. (2003) Science v myth: the toxicology of mold. Presented to HarrisMartin Publishers, Mold Litigation: Beyond the Basics II, June 12, New Orleans, Louisiana.
58. HEATON, R. K., GRANT, I., & MATTHEWS, C. G. (1991) Comprehensive norms for an extended Halstead-Reitan battery. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
59. HEATON, R. K., SMITH, H. H., LEHMAN, R., & VOGT, A. T. (1978) Prospects of faking believable deficits on neuropsychological testing. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 892-900.
60. HODGSON, M. J., MOREY, P., LEUNG, W., MORROW, L., MILLER, D., JARVIS, B. B., ROBBINS, H., HALSEY, J. F., & STOREY, E. (1998) Building-associated pulmonary disease from exposure to Stachybotrys chartarum and Aspergillus versicolor. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 40, 241-248.
61. HUBER, P. W. (1993) Galileo's revenge: junk science in the courtroom. New York: Basic Books.
62. HUGENHOLTZ, H., STUSS, D. T., STETHEM, L. L., & RICHARD, M. T. (1988) How long does it take to recover from a mild concussion? Neurosurgery, 22, 853-858.
63. JOHNS, C. H. (Ed.) (2000) The oldest code of laws in the world: the code of laws promulgated by Hammurabi, King of Babylon, B.C. 2285-2242. Union, NJ: Lawbook Exchange.
64. KAPLAN, N. M., PALMER, B. F., & REVANKAR, S. G. (2003) Clinical implications of mycotoxins and stachybotrys. American Journal of Medical Science, 325, 262-274.
65. KEISER, L. (1968) The traumatic neurosis. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott.
66. KESSLER, R. C., MCGONAGLE, K. A., ZHAO, S., NELSON, C. B., HUGHES, M., ESHLEMAN, S., WITTCHEN, H., & KENDLER, K. S. (1994) Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 8-19.
67. KESSLER, R. C., & WALTERS, E. (2002) The national comorbidity study. In M. T. Tsuang & M. Tohen (Eds.), Textbook in psychiatric epidemiology. New York: Wiley-Liss. Pp. 87-122.
68. KIRKLAND, K. H. (2001) Health hazards from exposure to mycotoxic fungi in indoor environments. The Synergist, April, 25-26.
69. KUHN, D. M., & GHANNOUM, M. A. (2003) Indoor mold, toxigenic fungi, and Stachybotrys chartarum: infectious disease perspective. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, January, 144-172.
70. LAMB, D. G., BERRY, D. T. R., WETTER, M. W., & BAER, R. A. (1994) Effects of two types of information on malingering of closed head injury on the MMPI-2: an analog investigation. Psychological Assessment, 6, 8-13.
71. LEES-HALEY, P. R. (1989a) Malingering mental disorder on the SCL-90R: toxic exposure and cancerphobia. Psychological Reports, 65, 1203-1208.
72. LEES-HALEY, P. R. (1989b) Malingering traumatic mental disorders on the Beck Depression Inventory: cancerphobia and toxic exposure. Psychological Reports, 65, 623-626.
73. LEES-HALEY, P. R. (1992) Neuropsychological complaint base rates of personal injury claimants. Forensic Reports, 5, 385-391.
74. LEES-HALEY, P. R. (1997) Attorneys influence expert evidence in forensic psychological and neuropsychological cases. Assessment, 4, 321-324.
75. LEES-HALEY, P. R. (in press) Commentary on neuropsychological performance of patients following mold exposure. The Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice.
76. LEES-HALEY, P. R., & BROWN, R. S. (1992) Biases in perception and reporting following a perceived toxic exposure. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 75, 531-544.
77. LEES-HALEY, P. R., & BROWN, R. S. (1993) Neuropsychological complaint base rates of 170 personal injury claimants. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 8, 203-209.
78. LEES-HALEY, P. R., & DUNN, J. T. (1994) The ability of naïve subjects to report symptoms of mild brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder, major depression, and generalized anxiety. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 50, 252-256.
79. LEES-HALEY, P. R., WILLIAMS, C. W., & ENGLISH, L. T. (1996) Response bias in self-reported history of plaintiffs compared with nonlitigating patients. Psychological Reports, 79, 811-818.
80. LEES-HALEY, P. R., WILLIAMS, C. W., ZASLER, N. D., MARGULIES, S., ENGLISH, L. T., & STEVENS, K. B. (1997) Response bias in plaintiff's histories. Brain Injury, 11, 791-799.
81. LEVIN, H. S., MATTIS, S., RUFF, R. M., EISENBERG, H. M., MARSHALL, L. F., TABADDOR, K., HIGH, W. M., & FRANKOWSKI, R. F. (1987) Neurobehavioral outcome following minor head injury: a three-center study. Journal of Neurosurgery, 66, 234-243.
82. LILIENFELD, S. O. (2002) When worlds collide: social science, politics, and the Rind, et al. (1998) child sexual abuse meta-analysis. American Psychologist, 57, 176-188.
83. LILIENFELD, S. O., LYNN; S. J., & LOHR, J. M. (2003) Science and pseudoscience in clinical psychology. New York: Guilford.
84. LOFTUS, E. F. (1997) Creating false memories. Scientific American, 277, 70-75.
85. MAHMOUDI, M., & GERSHWIN, M. E. (2000) Sick building syndrome: III. Stachybotrys chartarum. Journal of Asthma, 37, 191-198.
86. MARTIN, B. A., BOWEN, C. C., & HUNT, S. T. (2002) How effective are people at faking on personality questionnaires? Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 247-256.
87. MAXMEN, J. S., & WARD, N. G. (2002) Psychotropic drugs: fast facts. (3rd ed.) New York: Norton.
88. MAZZONI, G. A. L., LOFTUS, E. F., & KIRSCH, I. (2001) Changing beliefs about implausible autobiographical events: a little plausibility goes a long way. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 7, 51-59.
89. MCCLUSKY, O. E. (2002) Report of Council on Scientific Affairs of the Texas Medical Association on "Black mold and human illness." (CSA Report 1-1-02, September, 2002) Austin, TX: Texas Medical Association.
90. MILLER, H., & CARTLIDGE, N. (1972) Simulation and malingering after injuries to the brain and spinal cord. Lancet, 1, 257-261.
91. MILLOY, S. J. (2001) Junk science judo: self-defense against health scares and scams, Washington, DC: Cato Institute.
92. MITTENBERG, W., DIGIULIO, D. V., PERRIN, S., & BASS, A. E. (1992) Symptoms following mild head injury: expectation as aetiology. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 55, 200-204.
93. MITTENBERG, W., PATTON, C., CANYOCK, E. M., & CONDIT, D. C. (2002) Base rates of malingering and symptom exaggeration. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 24, 1094-1102.
94. MURRAY, D., SCHWARTZ, J., & LICHTER, S. R. (2001) It ain't necessarily so: how media make and unmake the scientific picture of reality. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
95. PAGE, E. H., & TROUT, D. B. (2001) The role of stachybotrys mycotoxins in building-related illness. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 62, 644-648.
96. POPE, K. S., BUTCHER, J. N., & SEELEN, J. (1993) The MMPI, MMPI-2, and MMPI-A in court. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
97. PRATKANIS, A., & ARONSON, E. (2001) Age of propaganda: the everyday use and abuse of persuasion. (Rev. ed.) New York: Freeman.
98. REGIER, D. A., BOYD, J. H., BURKE, J. D., RAE, D. S., MYERS, J. K., KRAMER, M., ROBINS, L. N., GEORGE, L. K., KARNO, M., & LOCKE, B. Z. (1988) One-month prevalence of mental disorders in the United States. Archives of General Psychiatry, 45, 977-986.
99. RICHMAN, H., FRUEH, B. C., & LIBERT, J. M. (1994) Therapists' ratings of treatment modality efficacy for combat-related PTSD. Poster presented at the Tenth Annual Meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chicago, IL, November.
100. ROBBINS, C. A., SWENSON, L. J., NEALLEY, M. L., GOTS, R. E., & KELMAN, B. J. (2000) Health effects of mycotoxins in indoor air: a critical review. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 15, 773-784.
101. ROBINS, L. N., HELZER, J. E., WEISSMAN, M. M., ORVASCHEL, H., GRUENBERG, E., BURKE, J. D., & REGIER, D. A. (1984) Lifetime prevalence of specific psychiatric disorders in three sites. Archives of General Psychiatry, 41, 949-967.
102. ROGERS, R., BAGBY, R. M., & CHAKRABORTY, D. (1993) Feigning schizophrenic disorders on the MMPI-2: detection of coached simulators. Journal of Personality Assessment, 60, 215-226.
103. ROGERS, R., ORNDUFF, S. R., & SEWELL, K. W. (1993) Feigning specific disorders: a study of the Personality Assessment Inventory (API). Journal of Personality Assessment, 60, 554-560.
104. ROHLING, M. L., BINDER, L. M., & LANGHINRICHSEN-ROHLING, J. (1995) Money matters: a meta-analytic review of the association between financial compensation and the experience and treatment of chronic pain. Health Psychology, 14, 537-547.
105. ROSEN, G. M. (1995) The Aleutian Enterprise sinking and posttraumatic stress disorder: misdiagnosis in clinical and forensic settings. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 26, 82-87
106. SCHATZBERG, A. F., COLE, J. O., & DEBATTISTA, C. (2003) Manual of clinical psychopharmacology. (4th ed.) Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publ.
107. SHOWALTER, E. (1997) Hystories: hysterical epidemics and modern culture. New York: Columbia Univer. Press.
108. SLICK, D. J., SHERMAN, E. M. S., & IVERSON, G. L. (1999) Diagnostic criteria for malingered neurocognitive dysfunction: proposed standards for clinical practice and research. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 13, 545-561.
109. SUDAKIN, D. L. (1998) Toxigenic fungi in a water-damaged building: an intervention study. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 34, 183-190.
110. SUDAKIN, D. L. (2000) Stachybotrys chartarum: current knowledge of its role in disease. Medscape General Medicine, February 29, E11.
111. SUDAKIN, D. L. (2003) Trichothecenes in the environment: relevance to human health. Toxicology Letters, 143, 97-107.
112. SUHR, J., TRANEL, D., WEFEL, J., & BARRASH, J. (1997) Memory performances after head injury: contributions of malingering, litigation status, psychological factors, and medication use. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 4, 500-514.
113. TERR, A. I. (2001) Stachybotrys: relevance to human disease. Annals of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology, 87, 57-63.
114. THOMAS, A. K., & LOFTUS, E. F. (2002) Creating bizarre false memories through imagination. Memory & Cognition, 30, 423-431.
115. WEISS, J. S. (2001) Comparative risks of microbial contamination of indoor air and the role of social amplification of risk. In Trends and advances in risk assessment and management. Ann Arbor, MI: NSF International. Pp. 47-55.
116. WEISSMAN, H. B. (1990) Distortions and deceptions in self-presentation: effects of protracted litigation on personal injury cases. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 8, 67-74.
117. WETTER, M. W., BAER, R. A., BERRY, T. R., ROBISON, L. H., & SUMPTER, J. (1993) MMPI-2 profiles of motivated fakers given specific symptom information: a comparison to matched patients. Psychological Assessments, 5, 317-323.
118. WETTER, M. W., & CORRIGAN, S. K. (1995) Providing information to clients about psychological tests: a survey of attorneys' and law students' attitudes. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 26, 474-477.
119. WHELAN, E. M. (1993) Toxic terror: the truth behind the cancer scares. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus.
120. WILDAVSKY, A. (1995) But is it true? A citizen's guide to environmental health and safety issues. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univer. Press.
121. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. (1978) Mental disorders: glossary and guide to their classification in accordance with the 9th revision of the international classification of diseases. Geneva, Switz.: WHO.
122. YOUNGJOHN, J. R. (1991) Malingering of neuropsychological impairment: an assessment strategy. A Journal for the Expert Witness, the Trial Attorney, the Trial Judge, 4, 29-32.
123. YOUNGJOHN, J. R. (1995) Confirmed attorney coaching prior to neuropsychological evaluation. Assessment, 2, 279-283.
124. YOUNGJOHN, J. R., BURROWS, L., & ERDAL, K. (1995) Brain damage or compensation neurosis? The controversial post-concussive syndrome. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 9, 112-123.
125. YOUNGJOHN, J. R., DAVIS, D., & WOLF, I. (1997) Head injury and the MMPI-2: paradoxical severity effects and the influence of litigation. Psychological Assessment, 9, 177-184.