Long-Term Cereal-Based Rotation Trials in the Mediterranean Region: Implications for Cropping Sustainability

Advances in Agronomy

Volumn 97, Issue , 2008, Pages 273-319

  Ryan, John ^a   Singh, Murari ^a   Pala, Mustafa ^a  

^a INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN THE DRY AREAS ICARDA   (Syrian Arab Republic)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 42249092987     PISSN: 00652113     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2113(07)00007-7     Document Type: Review

References (131)

1. Abdel Monem M.A.S. Labelled urea fertilizer experiments on arid soils of the Mediterranean region (1986), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA PhD Dissertation
2. Abo Elenein R.A., Abdel Shafi A., Abdel Monem M., Kamel A., Solh M.B., Bedier M., and Khalifa H. A new research paradigm for sustainability research in Egypt. Expl. Agrc. 33 (2000) 265-271
3. Afif E., Matar A., and Torrent J. Availability of phosphate applied to calcareous soil of West Asia and North Africa. Soil Sci. Soc. Am J. 57 (1993) 756-760
4. Aulakh M., Kabba B.S., Baddesha H.S., Bahl G.S., and Gill M.P.S. Crop yields and phosphorus transformation after 25 years of applications to a sub-tropical soil under groundnut-based cropping systems. Field Crops Res. 83 (2003) 283-286
5. Avcin A., and Avci M. Soil water and inorganic nitrogen accumulation at sowing time of wheat in two-year rotation as influenced by pervious crops under Central Anatolian conditions. In: Ryan J., and Matar A. (Eds). "Fertilizer Use Efficiency under Rainfed Agriculture in West Asia and North Africa". Proceedings of the Fourth Regional Workshop, 5-10 May 1991 (1992), Agadir, Morocco, ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria 64-70
6. Barnett V., Landau S., and Welham S.J. Measuring sustainability. Envron. Ecol. Stat. 1 (1994) 21-36
7. Bessam F., and Mrabet R. Long-term changes in soil organic matter under conventional tillage and no-tillage systems in semi-arid Morocco. Soil Use Manage. 19 (2003) 139-143
8. Blake L., Mersick S., Koerchens M., Moshal S., Poulton P.R., Goulding K.W.T., Weigel A., and Paulson D.S. Phosphorus content in soil, uptake by plants, and balance in three European long-term field experiments. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. 56 (2000) 263-275
9. Borlaug N.E. Feeding a world of 10 billion people: The TVA/IFDC Legacy (2003), Muscle Shoals, AL, USA Travis P. Hignett Memorial Lecture, March 14, 2003
10. Bouzza A. Water conservation in wheat rotations under several management and tillage systems in semiarid areas (1990), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA Ph.D. Dissertation
11. Cakmak I. Selection and characterization of cereal genotypes with high zinc efficiency and evaluation of bioavailability of zinc in wheat for the Central Anatolia Region. Nato-Science for Stability Programme (1998), Kemal Printing Co., Adana, Turkey 171
12. Christiansen S., Bounejmate M., Sawny-Edo H., Mawlawi B., Shomo F., Cocks P.S., and Nordblom T. Tah village project Syria: Another unsuccessful attempt to introduce ley farming in the Mediterranean basin. Expl. Agric. 36 (2000) 181-193
13. Cooper P.J.M., Gregory P.J., Tully D., and Harris H.C. Improving water-use efficiency of annual crops in the rainfed forming systems of West Asia and North Africa. Expl. Agric. 23 (1987) 113-158
14. In: Damania A.B., Valkoun J., Willcox G., and Qualset C.O. (Eds). The origins of agriculture and crop domestication. Proceeding of the Harlan Symposium, May 10-14, 1997 (1998), International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Aleppo, Syria
15. Daroub S.H., Gerakios A., Ritchie J.T., Freisen D.K., and Ryan J. Development of a soil-plant phosphorus simulation model for calcareous and weathered tropical soils. Agric. Syst. 76 (2003) 1157-1181
16. Dregne H.E. Historical perspectives. In: Peterson G.A., Unger P.W., and Payne W.A. (Eds). "Dryland Agriculture" (2006), Am, Soc. Agron., Crop Sci. Soc. Am., Madison, WI, USA 27-38 Agron. Monograph No. 23
17. FAO. World agriculture: Towards 2015/2030. Summary report (2002), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
18. Garabet S., Wood M., and Ryan J. Nitrogen and water effects on wheat yield in a Mediterranean-type climate. I. Dry matter yield and nitrogen accumulation. Field Crops Res. 57 (1998) 309-318
19. Gibbon D. Rainfed systems in the Mediterranean region. Plant Soil 58 (1981) 39-80
20. Guertal E.A., Raun W.R., Westerman R.L., and Boman R.K. Applications of stability analyses for single-site, long-term experiments. Agron. J. 86 (1994) 1016-1019
21. Harlan J.R. "Crops and Man,". 2nd ed (1992), Am. Soc. Agron., Crop Sci. Soc. Am., Madison, WI, USA 284
22. Harmsen K. Nitrogen fertilizer use in rainfed agriculture. Fert. Res. 5 (1984) 371-382
23. Harris H.C. Water-use efficiency of crop rotations in a Mediterranean environment. Aspects Appl. Biol. 38 (1994) 165-172
24. Harris H.C. Long-term trials on crop and soil management at ICARDA. Adv. Soil. Sci. 19 (1995) 447-469
25. Harris H.C., Cooper P.J.M., and Pala M. Soil and crop management for improved water use efficiency in rainfed areas. "Proceedings of an International Workshop Held in Ankara, Turkey, May 15-19, 1989 (1991), International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Aleppo, Syria ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria
26. Harris H.C., Ryan J., Treacher T.T., and Matar A. Nitrogen in dryland farming systems common in northwestern Syria. In: Powell J.M., Femandez-Rivera S., Williams T.O., and Renard C. (Eds). "Livestock and Sustainable Nutrient Cycling in Mixed Farming Systems of Sub-Saharan Africa" (1995), International Livestock Center for Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 323-335
27. Ibrikci H., Ryan J., Ulger A.C., Buyuk G., Cakir B., Korkmaz K., Karnez E., Ozgenturk G., and Konuskan O. Maintenance of phosphorus fertilizer and residual effect on corn production. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. 72 (2005) 279-286
28. Jenkinson D.J. The Rothamsted long-term experiments: Are they still of use?. Agron. J. 83 (1991) 2-10
29. Jenkinson D.S., Potts J.M., Perry J.N., Barnett V., and Coleman K. Trends in herbage yields over the last century on the Rothamsted long-term continuous hay experiment. J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 122 (1994) 365-374
30. Jenkinson D.S., Harris H.C., Ryan J., McNeill A., Pilbearn C.J., and Coleman K. Organic matter turnover in a calcareous clay soil from Syria under a two-course cereal rotation. Soil Biol. Biochem 31 (1999) 687-693
31. Johnston A.E. The value of long-term field experiments in agricultural, ecological, and environmental research. Adv. Agron. 59 (1997) 291-333
32. Johnston A.E., and Powlson D. The setting-up, conduct and applicability of long-term, continuing field experiments in agricultural research. In: Greenland D.J., and Szabolics I. (Eds). "Soil Resilience and Sustainable Land Use" (1994), CAB International, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK 355-421
33. Jones M.J. Sustainable agriculture: An explanation of a concept. "Crop Protection and Sustainable Agriculture" (1993), John Wiley, Chichester, UK 30-47
34. Jones M.J. The challenge of production system sustainability: Long-term studies in agronomic research in dry areas (1997), International Center for Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas, Aleppo, Syria
35. Jones M.J. Anticipatory long-term research for sustainable productivity. Expl. Agric. 36 (2000) 137-150
36. Jones M.J. Comparison of conservation tillage systems in barley-based cropping systems in northern Syria. Expl. Agric. 36 (2000) 15-26
37. Jones M.J., and Singh M. Yields of crop dry matter and nitrogen in long-term barley rotation trials at two sites in northern Syria. J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 124 (1995) 389-402
38. Jones M.J., and Singh M. Long-term yield patterns in barley based cropping systems in northern Syria. 1. Comparison of rotations. J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 135 (2000) 223-236
39. Jones M.J., and Singh M. Long-term yield patterns in barley-based cropping systems in northern Syria. 2. The role of feed legumes. J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 135 (2000) 237-249
40. Jones M.J., and Singh M. Long-term yield patterns in barley-based cropping systems in northern Syria. 3. Barley monocropping. J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 135 (2000) 251-259
41. Jones M.J., and Wahbi A. Site-factor influence on barley response to fertilizer in on-form trials in northern Syria: Description and predictive models. Expl. Agric. 28 (1992) 63-87
42. Kacemi M. Water conservation, crop rotations, and tillage systems in semiarid Morocco (1992), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA Ph.D. Dissertation
43. Kapur S., Ryan J., Akca E., Celik I., Paglai M., and Tulun Y. Influence of Mediterranean cereal-based rotations on soil micromorphological characters. Geoderma 142 (2007) 318-324
44. Karaca M., Guler M., Durutan N., Meyveci K., Avci M., Eyubodly H., and Avcin A. Effect of rotation systems on wheat yield and water use efficiency in dryland areas of Central Anatolia. In: Harris H.C., Cooper P.J.M., and Pala M. (Eds). "Proceedings of the Workshop on Soil and Crop Management for Improved Water Use Efficiency in Rainfed Areas" (1989), ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria 251-259 May 15-19, Ankara, Turkey
45. Karlen D.L., Varvel G.E., Bullock D.G., and Cruse R.H. Crop rotations for the 21st century. Adv. Agron. 53 (1994) 1-45
46. Kassam A.H. Climate, soil and land resources in North Africa and West Asia. Plant Soil 58 (1981) 1-29
47. Keatinge J.D.H., and Somel K. Guidelines for improved agronomic management and economic evaluation of crop rotation trials in Mediterranean environments. Expl. Agric. 29 (1993) 437-447
48. Keatinge J.D.H., Chapanian N., and Saxena M.C. Effect of improve management of legumes in a legume-cereal rotation on field estimates of crop nitrogen uptake and symbiotic nitrogen fixation in northern Syria. J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 110 (1988) 651-659
49. Keatinge J.D.H., Dennett M.D., and Rogers J. The influence of precipitation regime on the management of three course crop rotations in northern Syria. J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 104 (1985) 281-287
50. Keatinge J.D.H., Dennett M.D., and Rodgers J. The influence of precipitation regime on the crop management of dry areas in northern Syria. Field Crops Res 13 (1988) 229-249
51. Khan Z.D., Ryan J., and Berger K.C. Available boron in calcareous soils of Lebanon. Agron. J. 70 (1979) 79-82
52. Lal R. Managing the soils of Sub Saharan Africa. Science (Washington, DC) 236 (1987) 1069-1076
53. Lal R. Managing world soils for food security and environment quality. Adv. Agron. 74 (2001) 157-192
54. Lal R. Carbon sequestration in dryland ecosystems of West Asia and North Africa. Land Degrad. Dev. 13 (2002) 45-59
55. Masri Z., and Ryan J. Soil aggregation and related physical properties in a Mediterranean wheat-based, long-term rotation trial. Soil Tillage Res. 87 (2006) 146-154
56. Matar A., Torrent J., and Ryan J. Soil and fertilizer phosphorus and crop responses in the dryland Mediterranean zone. Adv. Soil. Sci. 18 (1992) 82-146
57. Materon L., and Ryan J. Rhizobial in ovulation and phosphorus and zinc nutrition for annual medics (Medicago spp.) adapted to Mediterranean-type environment. Agron. J. 87 (1995) 692-698
58. McNeill A.M., Pilbeam C.J., Harris H.C., and Swift R.S. Seasonal variation in the sustainability of different methods for estimating biological nitrogen fixation by grain legumes under rainfed conditions. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 47 (1996) 1061-1073
59. 2 fixation by grain legumes. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 49 (1998) 821-828
60. Mikhail A., Ryan J., and Nachit M.M. Nitrogen fertilization and supplemental irrigation in relation to yield and quality of wheat varieties in Syria. Iran. J. Sci. Technol. (2008) (submitted)
61. Mitchell C.C., Westernan R.L., Bram J.R., and Peck T.R. Overview of long-term agronomic research. Agron. J. 83 (1991) 24-29
62. Monteith J., and Webb C. Soil water and nitrogen in Mediterranean-type environments. Dev. Plant Soil Sci. 1 (1981), Martinus Nijhoff/ Dr. W. Junk Puk., The Hague, The Netherlands
63. Mrabet R. Crop residue management and tillage systems for water conservation in a semiarid area of Morocco (1997), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA Ph.D. Dissertation
64. Mrabet R., Saber N., El-Brahli A., Lahlou S., and Bessam F. Total, particulate organic matter and structural stability of a Calcixerall soil under different wheat rotations and tillage systems in a semi-arid area of Morocco. Soil Tillage Res. 57 (2001) 225-235
65. Nordblom T., Pannell D.J., Christiansen S., Nersoyan N., and Bahhady F. From weed to wealth? Prospects for medic pastures in the Mediterranean farming system of north-east Syria. Agric. Econ. 11 (1994) 29-42
66. Orphanos P.I., and Metochis C. The water relation of barley grown continually or after fallow under semi-arid conditions. Expl. Agric. 30 (1994) 431-439
67. Osman A.E. Potential benefits of phosphorus fertilizer on marginal lands. In: Ryan J. (Ed). Accomplishments and Future Challenges in Dryland Soil Fertility Research in the Mediterranean Area (2007), ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria, and IMPHOS, Casablanca, Morocco
68. Osman A.E., and Cocks P.S. Prospects for improving Mediterranean grasslands in Lebanon through seeding, fertilization, and protection from grazing. Expl. Agric. 28 (1992) 461-471
69. Oweis T., Pala M., and Ryan J. Stabilizing rainfed wheat yields with supplemental irrigation in the Mediterranean region. Agron. J. 90 (1998) 187-196
70. Oweis T.O., Zhang H., and Pala M. Water-use efficiency of rainfed and irrigated bread wheat in a Mediterranean environment. Agron. J. 92 (2000) 231-238
71. Pala M., Matar A., and Mazid A. Assessment of the effects of environmental factors on the response of wheat to fertilizer in on-form trials in a Mediterranean-type environment. Expl. Agric. 32 (1996) 339-349
72. Pala M., Harris H.C., Ryan J., Makboul R., and Dozom S. Tillage systems and stubble management in a Mediterranean-type environment in relation to crop yield and soil moisture. Expl. Agric. 36 (2000) 223-242
73. Pala M., Ryan J., Mazid A., Abdullah O., and Nachit M. Wheat farming in Syria: An approach to economic transformation and sustainability. Review. Agric. Food Systems 19 (2004) 30-34
74. Pala M., Ryan J., Zhang H., Singh M., and Harris H.C. Crop water-use efficiency of wheat-based rotation systems in a Mediterranean environment. Agric. Water Manage 93 (2007) 136-144
75. Pala M., Ryan J., Diekmann J., and Singh M. Barley and vetch yields from dryland rotations with varying tillage and residue management under Mediterranean conditions. Expl. Agric. (2008) (in press)
76. Papastylianou I. Productivity and nitrogen fertilizer requirements of barley in rotation systems in rainfed Mediterranean conditions. Eur. J. Agron. 2 (1993) 119-129
77. Papastylianou I. Soil nitrate test for nitrogen recommendations for rainfed barley. In: Ryan J. (Ed). "Accomplishments and Future Challenges in Dryland Soil Fertility Research in the Mediterranean Area" (1997), ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria, and IMPHOS, Casablanca, Morocco 238-247
78. Petersen E.H., Pannell D.J., Nordblom T., and Shomo F. Potential benefits from alternative areas of agricultural research for dryland farming in Northern Syria. Agric. Syst. 72 (2002) 93-108
79. Peterson G.A., Unger P.A., and Payne W.A. Dryland agriculture Agron (2006) Monograph No. 23. Am. Soc. Agron., Crop. Sci. Soc. Am., Madison, WI, USA
80. 15N-labbled fertilizer applied to wheat. Fert. Res. 45 (1996) 209-215
81. Pilbeam C.J., and Hutchison D. Fate of nitrogen applied in different fertilizers to the surface of a calcareous soil in Syria. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. 52 (1998) 55-60
82. 15N-labbled fertilizer applied to wheat grown in northern Syria. J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 129 (1997) 397-407
83. 15N-labelled fertilizer applied to wheat in Syria. J. Agric. Sci., Comb. 128 (1997) 415-424
84. Preece D.A. Some general principles of crop rotation experiments. Expl. Agric. 22 (1986) 187-198
85. Rashid A., and Ryan J. Micronutrient constraints to crop production in the Near East. In: Alloway B.A. (Ed). Micronutrient Deficiencies in Global Crop Production (2008), Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands 149-180
86. Rashid A., Rafique E., and Bughio N. Diagnosing boron deficiency in rapeseed and mustard by plant analysis and Soil testing. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 25 (1994) 2883-2897
87. Rasmussen P.E., and Collins H.P. Long-term aspects of tillage, fertilizer and crop residue on soil organic matter in temperate semi-arid regions. Adv. Agron. 45 (1991) 93-134
88. Rasmussen P.E., Goulding K.W.T., Brown J.R., Grace P.R., Henry Janzen H., and Korchens M. Long-term agroecosystem experiments: Assessing agricultural sustainability and global change. Science 282 (1998) 893-896
89. Reeves D.W. The role of soil organic matter in maintaining soil quality in continuous cropping systems. Soil Tillage Res. 43 (1997) 131-167
90. Rodriguez A., Pala M., Ryan J., and Harris H. ICARDA's long-term cropping systems trial: An economic assessment (1999) 159 Agron. Abstracts, Am. Soc. Agron., Madison, WI, USA
91. Rowell J.G., and Walters D.E. Analyzing data with repeated observations on each experimental unit. J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 87 (1976) 423-432
92. Rosegrant M.W., Cai X., and Cline S.A. World water and food to 2025, dealing with scarcity (2002), Int. Food Policy Res. Inst., Washington, DC
93. Ryan J. Accomplishments and future challenges in dryland soil fertility research in the Mediterranean region (1997), ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria, and IMPHOS, Casablanca, Morocco
94. Ryan J. Changes in organic carbon in long-term rotation and tillage trials in northern Syria. In: Lal R., Kimble J.M., Follett R.F., and Stewart B.A. (Eds). "Management of Carbon Sequestration in Soil" (1998), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA 285-296 Adv. Soil. Sci.
95. Ryan J. Desert and dryland development: Challenges and potential in the new millennium proceedings of the "6th International Conference on the Development of Dry Lands," Aug. 22-27, 1999, Cairo, Egypt (2002), International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Aleppo, Syria 655
96. Ryan J. Available soil nutrients and fertilizer use in relation to crop production in the Mediterranean area. In: Krishna K.R. (Ed). "Soil Fertility and Crop Production" (2002), Science Publ., Inc., Enfield, New Hampshire, New York, USA 213-246
97. Ryan J. Soil fertility enhancement in Mediterranean-type dryland agriculture: A perspective for development. In: Rao S., and Ryan J. (Eds). "Challenges and Strategies of Dryland Agriculture" (2004), Crop Science Society of America Special Publication No. 32, Madison, WI, USA 243-256
98. Ryan J., and Abdel Monem M. Soil fertility management for sustained production in the West Asia-North Africa Region: Need for long-term research. In: Lal R. (Ed). "Soil Quality and Agriculture Sustainability" (1998), Ann Arbor Press, Chelsea, MI, USA 155-174
99. Ryan J., and Matar A. Fertilizer use efficiency under rainfed agriculture in West Asia and North Africa (1992), ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria
100. Ryan J., and Pala M. Syria's long-term rotation and tillage trials: Potential relevance to carbon sequestration in Central Asia. In: Lal R. (Ed). "Carbon Sequestration in Central Asia" (2007), Taylor & Francis, Leiden, The Netherlands 223-234
101. Ryan J., Hassan H.M., Bassiri M., and Tabbara H.S. Availability and transformation of applied phosphorus in calcareous soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 51 (1985) 1215-1220
102. Ryan J., Abdel Monem M., and El-Gharous M. Soil fertility assessment at experimental stations in Chaouia, Abda, and Doukkala. Al-Awamia 73 (1990) 1-47
103. Ryan J., Materon L., and Christensen S. The networks for research collaboration in the dryland west Asia-North Africa region. J. Nat. Resour. Life Sci. Educ. 24 (1995) 155-160
104. Ryan J., Masri S., Garabet S., Diekmann J., and Habib H. Soils of ICARDA's agricultural experiment stations and sites: Climate, classification, physical and chemical properties, and land use. Technical Bulletin (1997), International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Aleppo, Syria 107
105. Ryan J., Masri S., Pala M., and Bounejmate M. Barley based rotations in a typical Mediterranean agroecosystem: Crop production trends and soil quality. Options Mediterraneanes, Series A 50 (2002) 287-296
106. Ryan J., Hasbany R., and Atallah T. Factors affecting nitrogen mineralization under laboratory conditions with soils from a wheat-based rotation trial. Lebanese Sci. J. 2 (2003) 3-12
107. Ryan J., Masri S., and Qadir M. Nutrient monitoring of sewage wastewater for irrigation: Impacts for soil quality and crop nutrition. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 37 15-20 (2006) 2513-2522
108. Ryan J., Pala M., Singh M., Makboul R., Masri S., and Harris H. Crop sequences nitrogen fertilizer and grazing intensity in relation to wheat yields in rainfed systems. J. Agric. Sci. Camb. (2008) (manuscript in preparation)
109. Ryan J., Pala M., Masri S., Singh M., and Harris H. Rainfed wheat-based rotations under Mediterranean conditions: Crop sequences, nitrogen fertilization, and stubble grazing in relation to grain and straw quality. Eur. J. Agron. 28 (2008) 111-118
110. Ryan J., Pala M., Masri S., Singh M., and Rashid A. Rotation and nitrogen effects on soil nitrogen forms in a multi-year cropping systems trial under rainfed Mediterranean conditions. Iran. J. Sci. Technol. (2008) (in review)
111. Ryan J., Masri S., and Singh M. Nutrient dynamics in a long-term cereal-based rotation trial in a Mediterranean environment: Nitrogen forms. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. (2008) (manuscript in preparation)
112. Ryan J., Masri S., and Singh M. Seasonal changes in organic matter and biomass and labile forms of carbon as influenced by Mediterranean crop rotations. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. (2008) (manuscript in preparation)
113. Ryan J., Ibrikci H., Singh M., Rashid A., Matar A., Masri S., and Pala M. Response to residual and currently applied phosphorus in three Syrian agroecosystem. Eur. J. Agron. 28 (2008) 126-137
114. Sander J.A., and Eash N.S. Significance of ancient agricultural soil for long-term agronomic studies and sustainable agriculture research. Agron. J. 83 (1991) 29-37
115. Singh M., and Jones M. Estimating time to detect time-trends in continuous cropping. J. Appl. Stat. 24 (1997) 651-661
116. Singh M., and Jones M. Modeling yield sustainability for different rotations in long-term barley trials. J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. 7 (2002) 525-535
117. Singh M., Yau S.K., Hamblin J., and Porceddu E. Inter-site transferability of crop varieties: Another approach for analyzing multi-location varietal trials. Euphytica 89 3 (1996) 305-311
118. Smith R.G., and Harris H.C. Environmental resources and constraints to agricultural production in a Mediterranean-type environment. Plant Soil 58 (1981) 31-57
119. Steiner R.A. Long-term research and their choice for the research study. In: Barnett V., Payne R., and Steiner R. (Eds). Agriculture Sustainability: Economic, Environmental and Statistical Considerations (1995), John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK 15-21
120. Steiner R.A., and Herdt R.W. "A Global Directory of Long-Term Agronomic Experiment." (1993), The Rockefeller Foundation, New York, NY, USA
121. Steiner J.L., Day J.C., Papendick R.I., Mayer R.E., and Bertrand A.R. Improving and sustaining productivity in dryland regions of developing countries. Adv. Soil Sci. 8 (1998) 79-122
122. Stewart B.A., and Robinson C.A. Are ecosystems sustainable in semiarid regions. Adv. Agron. 60 (1997) 191-228
123. Stewart B.A., Koohafkan P., and Ramamoorthy K. Dryland agriculture defined and its importance in the world. In: Peterson G.A., Unger P.W., and Payne W.A. (Eds). "Dryland Agriculture" (2006), American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society America, Madison, WI, USA 1-26 Agronomy Monograph No. 23
124. Suleimenov M.K., Okhmetov K.A., Kaskarbayev J.A., Khasanova F., Kireyev A., Kyrgyz L.I., and Pala M. Developments in tillage and cropping systems in Central Asia. In: Ryan J., Vlek P., and Paroda R. (Eds). "Agriculture in Central Asia: Research for Development" (2004), ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria, and ZEF, Bonn, Germany 188-211
125. Taimeh A., Al-Nabi Ferdous A., and Al-Shrouf A. Review of optimizing soil water-use research in Jordan. In: Duivenbooden N., Pala M., Studer C., and Bilders C.L. (Eds). "Efficient Soil Water Use: The Key to Sustainable Crop Production in Dry Areas" (1999), ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria, and ICRISAT, Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India
126. Van Duivenbooden N., Pala M., Studer C., and Bilders C. Efficient soil water use: The key to sustainable crop production in the dry areas of West Asia, and North and Sub-Saharan Africa (1999), ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria, and ICRISAT, Andhra Pradesh, India
127. White P.F., Nersoyan N.K., and Christensen S. Nitrogen cycling in a semi-arid Mediterranean region: Changes in soil N and organic matter under several crop livestock production systems. Aust.J.Agric.Res. 45 (1994) 1293-1307
128. Yau S.K., Nachit M., Ryan J., and Hamblin J. Phenotypic variation of boron tolerance toxicity in durum wheat at seedling stage. Euphytica 83 (1995) 185-191
129. Yau S.K., Bounejmate M., Ryan J., Baalbaki R., Nassar A., and Maacoroum R. Barley-legumes rotations for semi-arid areas of Lebanon. Eur. J. Agron. 19 (2003) 599-610
130. Zhang H., Oweis T.Y., Garabet S., and Pala M. Water-use efficiency and transpiration efficiency of wheat under rainfed conditions and supplemental irrigation in a Mediterranean type environment. Plant Soil 201 (1998) 295-305
131. Zhang H., Pala M., Oweis T., and Harris H. Water use efficiency of chickpea and lentil in a Mediterranean environment. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 51 (2000) 295-304