The limits of unilateral migration control: Deportation and inter-state cooperation

Government and Opposition

Volumn 43, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 168-189

  Ellermann, Antje ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 42149166763     PISSN: 0017257X     EISSN: 14777053     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1477-7053.2007.00248.x     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. The author gratefully acknowledges the financial support of the Social Science Research Council's International Migration Programme that funded the fieldwork this article draws on. For their constructive comments on earlier drafts of this article I thank the organizers and participants of the workshop 'The Refugee in Trans/National Politics and Society' at the Refugee Studies Centre, Oxford University.
2. 'Transitabkommen', Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 9 January 2003, p. 12.
3. 'Internationale Kooperation Ist Unumgänglich', Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 5 March 2003, p. 13.
4. Christian Joppke Why Liberal States Accept Unwanted Immigration World Politics, 50 (1988 pp. 266 93
5. Guiraudon Gallya Lahav A Reappraisal of the State Sovereignty Debate: The Case of Migration Control Comparative Political Studies, 33 : 2 (2000 pp. 163 95.
6. James F. Hollifield, Immigrants, Markets, and States, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1992; Yasemin Nuhoglu Soysal, Limits of Citizenship: Migrants and Postnational Membership in Europe, Chicago, Chicago University Press, 1994.
7. Gary P. Freeman Can Liberal States Control Unwanted Migration The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 534 (1994 pp. 17 30
8. Ellermann Coercive Capacity and the Politics of Implementation: Deportation in Germany and the United States Comparative Political Studies, 38 : 10 (2005 pp. 1219 44.
9. Saskia Sassen, 'The De Facto Transnationalizing of Immigration Policy', in Christian Joppke (ed.), Challenge to the Nation-State: Immigration in Western Europe and the United States, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1998, pp. 49-85.
10. For some exceptions, see Christopher Mitchell, Western Hemisphere Immigration and United States Foreign Policy, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania University Press, 1992; Aristide R. Zolberg, 'From Invitation to Interdiction: U.S. Foreign Policy and Immigration since 1945', in Michael S. Teitelbaum and Myron Weiner (eds), Threatened Peoples, Threatened Borders: World Migration and U.S. Policy, New York, W.W. Norton, pp. 117-59; Sandra Lavenex and Emek Uçarer (eds), Migration and the Externalities of European Integration, Lanham: Lexington Books, 2002.
11. Ibid.
12. International Organization for Migration, 'International Migration Law', available at http://www.iom.int/jahia/page563.html.
13. Cerstin Sander, 'Migrant Remittances to Developing Countries', available at http://www.dai.com/pdf/Migrant_Remittances_to_Developing_Countries.pdf.
14. Data obtained from the Federal Ministry of the Interior, Berlin, and the Federal Border Police, Koblenz.
15. Answer of the Federal Ministry of the Interior to enquiry by parliamentarian Ulla Jelpke (PDS), 15 March 2002, Bundestags-Drucksache 14/8560, http://dip.bundestag.de/btd/14/085/1408560.pdf.
16. Thorsten Böhling, 'Abschiebungshindernisse Heute: Bürokratie, Zuständigkeiten und Desinteresse!', paper presented at the 10th Migrationspolitisches Forum, Berlin, 2001.
17. Ibid.
18. Personal interview, senior civil servant, interior ministry Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart, 7 January 2002.
19. Gregor Noll, Rejected Asylum Seekers: The Problem of Return, Geneva, UNHCR, Center for Documentation and Research, 1999, p. 15.
20. Böhling, 'Abschiebungshindernisse Heute'.
21. With the date at which the Act took effect: Romania (1992, 1999), Bulgaria (1994), Poland (1994), Czech Republic (1995), Vietnam (1995), Switzerland (1996), Croatia (1997), Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1997), Algeria (signed in 1997), Austria (1998), Morocco (1998), Hungary (1999), Estonia (1999), Latvia (1999), Lithuania (2000), Hong Kong (2001).
22. Olaf Reermann, 'Readmission Agreeements', in Hiroshi Motomura (ed.), Immigration Admissions: The Search for Workable Policies in Germany and the United States, Providence, Berghahn, 1997, pp. 121-45.
23. Noll, Rejected Asylum Seekers.
24. Personal interview, senior civil servant, federal ministry of the interior, Berlin, 13 November 2001.
25. Reermann, 'Readmission Agreements'.
26. 'Die Ungewissheit Beginnt von Neuem', Die Tageszeitung, 30 March 1995, p. 5.
27. This account draws on monthly news abstracts published by the Europäisches Forum for Migrationsstudien (EMFS) at the University of Bamberg, available at http://web.uni-bamberg.de/∼ba6ef3/serpre_e.htm.
28. 'Vietnam Verzögert Rückführung', Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 13 October 1998, p. 5.
29. Vietnam agreed to match this amount.
30. Noll, Rejected Asylum Seekers.
31. Personal interview, senior civil servant, interior ministry Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart, 7 January 2002.
32. Jürgen König, 'Rückkehr und Verbleib von Asylbewerbern und Flüchtlingen in Deutschland', unpublished thesis, Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, 2000.
33. Reermann, Readmission Agreements.
34. Personal interview, director, regional immigration authority Eisenhüttenstadt, Brandenburg, 24 September 2001.
35. Ibid.
36. For a detailed account of human rights concerns, see Forschungsgesellschaft Flucht und Migration, Heft 2: Rumänien: Vor den Toren der Festung Europas, Berlin, Verlag der Buchläden, 1996, available at http://www.ffm-berlin.de/rumaenien.pdf.
37. 'Romanian Gypsies Are Sceptical About Germany's Financial Help', New York Times, 26 September 1992, p. 3.
38. Virginie Guiraudon European Integration and Migration Policy: Vertical Policy-Making as Venue Shopping Journal of Common Market Studies, 38 : 2 (2000 pp. 251 71.
39. 'Commission Recommends Exempting Romanian Citizens from Visa Requirements as from 2002', EUROPA press releases rapid, 29 June 2001, reference IP/01/925, available at http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/01/ 925&format=HTML&aged=1&language=EN&guiLanguage=en.
40. Personal interview, regional immigration authority, Bielefeld, North-Rhine Westphalia, 1 February 2002.
41. Deportation officer, municipal foreigner authority, district Ostprignitz-Ruppin, Brandenburg, 27 November 2001.
42. Senior federal civil servant, Federal Office for Migration and Refugees, Nuremberg, 18 January 2002.
43. Personal interview, senior civil servant working on issues of European cooperation, Federal Office for Migration and Refugees, Nuremberg, 18 January 2002.
44. Commission of the European Communities, 'Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on a Community Return Policy on Illegal Residents', COM(2002) 564 final.
45. Joanne van Selm, 'Immigration and Asylum or Foreign Policy: The EU's Approach to Migrants and their Countries of Origin', in Emek Uçarer (ed.), Migration and the Externalities of European Integration, New York, Lexington Books, 2002, pp. 143-60.
46. Council of the European Union, 'High-Level Working Group on Asylum and Migration: Report to the European Council in Nice', 13993/00.
47. Sandra Lavenex, 'EU Trade Policy and Immigration Control', in Uçarer, Migration and Externalities of European Integration, pp. 161-78.
48. Council of the European Union, 'Proposal for a Return Action Programme', 14673/02, pp. 10, 14.
49. Ibid., p. 27. Moreover, specific reference is made to the negotiation of agreements with Hong Kong, Sri Lanka, Macao, Morocco, Pakistan, Russia, Ukraine, Albania, Algeria and Turkey.
50. Council of the European Union, 'Draft Council Conclusions: Co-operation with Third Countries of Origin and Transit to Jointly Combat Illegal Immigration', 9917/3/02 REV 3.
51. 'Austrian, Portuguese Leaders Differ on EU Immigration Proposal', Agence France Presse, 20 June 2002.
52. Commission of the European Communities, 'Green Paper on a Community Return Policy on Illegal Residents', 2002, 4.1.1.
53. Commission of the European Communities, 'Commission Staff Working Paper: Intensified Cooperation on the Management of Migration Flows with Third Countries. Report by the Commission's Services on the Implementation of the Council Conclusions on Intensified Co-operation on the Management of Migration Flows with Third Countries of 18 November 2002', SEC(2003) 815, 2.7.
54. Christina Boswell The External Dimension of EU Immigration and Asylum Policy International Affairs, 79 : 3 (2003 pp. 619 38.
55. Van Selm, 'Immigration and Asylum or Foreign Policy'.
56. Commission of the European Communities, 'Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament: Integrating Migration Issues in the European Union's Relations with Third Countries', COM(2002) 703 final.