Low-frequency noise characterization of near-IR VCSELs for functional brain imaging

Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE

Volumn 6842, Issue , 2008, Pages

  Lee, Thomas T ^a   Lim, Paul G ^a   Harris Jr , James S ^a   Shenoy, Krishna V ^a,b   Smith, Stephen J ^b  

^a Stanford University   (United States)

^b STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Functional brain imaging; Intrinsic optical signals; Near infrared; Relative intensity noise; VCSELs

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; FREQUENCY RANGING; FUNCTIONAL BRAIN IMAGING; HIGH POWERS; LOW FREQUENCY NOISE (1/F NOISE); LOW NOISE; NEAR-IR; NOISE CHARACTERIZATION; OPTICAL (PET) (OPET); PHOTONIC; SYSTEM-ON-A-CHIP (RSOC); VERTICAL CAVITY SURFACE EMITTING LASERS (VCSELS);

APPLICATION SPECIFIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS; CHEMOTHERAPY; COMPUTER NETWORKS; DETECTORS; INTEGRATED CIRCUITS; IRIDIUM; OPTICAL SENSORS; OPTICAL SYSTEMS; OPTICS; SENSORS;

SURFACE EMITTING LASERS;

EID: 42149114682     PISSN: 16057422     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: 10.1117/12.764143     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (18)

1. Lee, T.T., O. Levi, J. Cang, M. Kaneko, M.P. Stryker, S.J. Smith, K.V. Shenoy, and J.S. Harris. Integrated Semiconductor Optical Sensors for Minimally-invasive Imaging of Brain Function, in 28th Annual International Conference IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. 2006. New York, NY.
2. Levi, O., T.T. Lee, M.M. Lee, S.J. Smith, and J.S. Harris, "Integrated Semiconductor Optical Sensors for Cellular and Neural Imaging," Applied Optics, 46(10): p. 1881-1889 (2006).
3. Kasten, A.M., A.V. Giannopoulos, C. Long, C. Chen, and K.D. Choquette, "Fabrication and characterization of individually addressable vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser arrays and integrated VCSEL/PIN detector arrays," Proceedings of the SPIE, 6484: p. 6484C-1 - 6484C-6 (2007).
4. Thrush, E., O. Levi, W. Ha, G. Carey, L.J. Cook, J. Deich, S.J. Smith, W.E. Moerner, and J.S. Harris, "Integrated Semiconductor Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers and PIN Photodetectors for Biomedical Fluorescence Sensing," IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 40(5): p. 491-497 (2004).
5. Tourrenc, J.-P., P. Signoret, M. Myara, R. Alabedra, F. Marin, and K.D. Choquette, "Frequency Noise in 850nm Selectively Oxidized VCSELs," Fluctuation and Noise Letters, 3(4): p. L407-L412 (2003).
6. Tourrenc, J.-P., P. Signoret, M. Myara, M. Bellon, J.-P. Perez, J.-M. Gosalbes, R. Alabedra, and B. Orsal, "Low-Frequency FM-Noise-Induced Lineshape: A Theoretical and Experimental Approach," IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 41(4): p. 549-553 (2005).
7. Tourrenc, J.-P., P. Signoret, M. Myara, F. Marin, K.D. Choquette, and R. Alabedra, "Frequency Noise in 850nm Oxidized VCSELs," Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 5111: p. 531-539 (2003).
8. Carlsson, C., H. Martinsson, R. Schatz, and J. Halonen, "Analog Modulation Properties of Oxide Confined VCSELs at Microwave Frequencies," IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, 20(9): p. 1740-1749 (2002).
9. Goddard, L., Characterization and Modeling of the Intrinsic Properties of 1.5 μm GaInNAsSb/GaAs Lasers, Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Physics, Stanford University, 2005.
10. Hlabritter, H., F. Riemenschneider, J. Jacquet, J.G. Provost, I. Sagnes, and P. Meissner, "AM and RIN of a Tunable Optically Pumped 1.6-um VCSEL," IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 16(3): p. 723-725 (2004).
11. Ho, K.-P., J.D. Walker, and J.M. Kahn, "External Optical Feedback Effects on Intensity Noise of Vertical-Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers," IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 5(8): p. 892-895 (1993).
12. Law, J.Y. and G.P. Agrawal, "Mode-Partition Noise in Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers," IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 9(4): p. 437-439 (1997).
13. Law, J.Y. and G.P. Agrawal, "Noise Properties of Index-Guided Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers," Proceedings of the SPIE, 3625: p. 404-503 (1999).
14. Vey, J.-L., K. Auen, and W. Elsäßer, "Semiclassical analysis and experimental investigations of Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser Noise," Proceedings of the SPIE, 2994: p. 178-189 (1997).
15. Zei, L.-G., S. Ebers, J.-R. Kropp, and K. Petermann, "Noise Performance of Multimode VCSELs," IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, 19(6): p. 884-892 (2001).
16. Serkland, D.K., K.M. Geib, G.M. Peake, R. Lutwak, A. Rashed, M. Vargese, G. Tepolt, and M. Prouty, "VCSELs for Atomic Sensors," Proceedings of the SPIE, 6484 (2007).
17. Costa, D. and J.S. Harris, "Low-Frequency Noise Properties of N-p-n AlGaAs/GaAs Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors," IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 39(10): p. 2383-2394 (1992).
18. Yamanaka, K., S. Naritsuka, K. Kanamoto, M. Mihara, and M. Ishii, "Electron traps in AlGaAs grown by molecular beam epitaxy," Journal of Applied Physics, 61(11): p. 5062-5069 (1987).