메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue , 2008, Pages

Muscle and reflex changes with varying joint angle in hemiparetic stroke

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANKLE; ARTICLE; BODY POSITION; CHRONIC DISEASE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; HEMIPARETIC STROKE; HUMAN; JOINT STIFFNESS; MECHANICS; MUSCLE REFLEX; MUSCLE STIFFNESS; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE; RANGE OF MOTION; SPASTICITY; STROKE; SURVIVAL RATE; AGED; BIOMECHANICS; HEMISPHERIC DOMINANCE; INNERVATION; JOINT CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTIONS; LEG; METHODOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; MOTOR DYSFUNCTION; MUSCLE HYPERTONIA; MYOTATIC REFLEX; NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION; PARESIS; PATHOLOGICAL REFLEX; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PREDICTION AND FORECASTING; SKELETAL MUSCLE; TENDON; TORQUE;

EID: 42049111198     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17430003     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1743-0003-5-6     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (69)

References (59)
  • 1
    • 10944255085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The spasticity paradox: Movement disorder or disorder of resting limbs?
    • 15607994. 10.1136/jnnp.2003.034785
    • The spasticity paradox: movement disorder or disorder of resting limbs? JA Burne VL Carleton NJ O'Dwyer, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005 76 47 54 15607994 10.1136/jnnp.2003.034785
    • (2005) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.76 , pp. 47-54
    • Burne, J.A.1    Carleton, V.L.2    O'Dwyer, N.J.3
  • 2
    • 0033064865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle strength changes as measured by dynamometry following functional rehabilitation in individuals with spinal cord injury.
    • 10.1016/S0003-9993(99)90229-0
    • Muscle strength changes as measured by dynamometry following functional rehabilitation in individuals with spinal cord injury. M Drolet L Noreau J Vachon H Moffet, Arc Phys Med Rehabil 1999 80 791 800 10.1016/S0003-9993(99) 90229-0
    • (1999) Arc Phys Med Rehabil , vol.80 , pp. 791-800
    • Drolet, M.1    Noreau, L.2    Vachon, J.3    Moffet, H.4
  • 3
    • 0034906406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conceptualization of a new stroke-specific outcome measure: The stroke impact scale
    • 14523743. 10.1310/BRHX-PKTA-0TUJ-UYWT
    • Conceptualization of a new stroke-specific outcome measure: the stroke impact scale. P Duncan D Wallace S Studenski S Lai D Johnson, Top Stroke Rehabil 2001 8 19 33 14523743 10.1310/BRHX-PKTA-0TUJ-UYWT
    • (2001) Top Stroke Rehabil , vol.8 , pp. 19-33
    • Duncan, P.1    Wallace, D.2    Studenski, S.3    Lai, S.4    Johnson, D.5
  • 4
    • 0024581861 scopus 로고
    • Spastic hypertonia: Mechanisms and measurement
    • 2644919
    • Spastic hypertonia: Mechanisms and measurement. RT Katz WZ Rymer, Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1989 70 144 155 2644919
    • (1989) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.70 , pp. 144-155
    • Katz, R.T.1    Rymer, W.Z.2
  • 5
    • 0031793988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond ashworth. Electrophysiologic quantification of spasticity
    • 9894105
    • Beyond ashworth. Electrophysiologic quantification of spasticity. N Sehgal JR McGuire, Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 1998 9 4 949 979 9894105
    • (1998) Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 949-979
    • Sehgal, N.1    McGuire, J.R.2
  • 6
    • 0347600948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spasticity after stroke: Its occurrence and association with motor impairments and acitivity limitations
    • 14684785. 10.1161/01.STR.0000105386.05173.5E
    • Spasticity after stroke: its occurrence and association with motor impairments and acitivity limitations. DK Sommerfeld EU Eek AK Svensson LW Holmqvist MH von Arbin, Stroke 2004 35 134 140 14684785 10.1161/01.STR. 0000105386.05173.5E
    • (2004) Stroke , vol.35 , pp. 134-140
    • Sommerfeld, D.K.1    Eek, E.U.2    Svensson, A.K.3    Holmqvist, L.W.4    Von Arbin, M.H.5
  • 8
    • 0002966807 scopus 로고
    • Symposium synopsis
    • Chicago , Year book publishers Feldman RG, Young RR, Koella WP
    • Symposium synopsis. JW Lance, Spasticity: Disordered Motor Control Chicago, Year book publishers, Feldman RG, Young RR, Koella WP, 1980 485 494
    • (1980) Spasticity: Disordered Motor Control , pp. 485-494
    • Lance, J.W.1
  • 9
    • 0022528863 scopus 로고
    • Motor unit involvement in spastic paresis. Relationship between leg muscle activation and histochemistry
    • 3746341. 10.1016/0022-510X(86)90052-3
    • Motor unit involvement in spastic paresis. Relationship between leg muscle activation and histochemistry. V Dietz UP Ketelsen W Berger J Quintern, J Neurol Sci 1986 75 1 89 103 3746341 10.1016/0022-510X(86)90052-3
    • (1986) J Neurol Sci , vol.75 , Issue.1 , pp. 89-103
    • Dietz, V.1    Ketelsen, U.P.2    Berger, W.3    Quintern, J.4
  • 10
    • 0141480874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inferior mechanical properties of spastic muscle bundles due to hypertrophic but compromised extracellular matrix material
    • 14506719. 10.1002/mus.10446
    • Inferior mechanical properties of spastic muscle bundles due to hypertrophic but compromised extracellular matrix material. RL Lieber E Runesson F Einarsson J Friden, Muscle Nerve 2003 28 4 464 471 14506719 10.1002/mus.10446
    • (2003) Muscle Nerve , vol.28 , Issue.4 , pp. 464-471
    • Lieber, R.L.1    Runesson, E.2    Einarsson, F.3    Friden, J.4
  • 11
    • 0035214129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrinsic and reflex stiffness in normal and spastic spinal cord injured subjects
    • 11810139. 10.1007/s00221-001-0901-z
    • Intrinsic and reflex stiffness in normal and spastic spinal cord injured subjects. MM Mirbagheri M Ladouceur H Barbeau RE Kearney, Exp Brain Res 2001 141 446 459 11810139 10.1007/s00221-001-0901-z
    • (2001) Exp Brain Res , vol.141 , pp. 446-459
    • Mirbagheri, M.M.1    Ladouceur, M.2    Barbeau, H.3    Kearney, R.E.4
  • 12
    • 0028234314 scopus 로고
    • Passive, intrinsic and reflex-mediated stiffness in the ankle extensors of hemiparetic patients
    • 8186961. 10.1093/brain/117.2.355
    • Passive, intrinsic and reflex-mediated stiffness in the ankle extensors of hemiparetic patients. T Sinkjaer I Magnussen, Brain 1994 117 355 363 8186961 10.1093/brain/117.2.355
    • (1994) Brain , vol.117 , pp. 355-363
    • Sinkjaer, T.1    Magnussen, I.2
  • 13
    • 0031172113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of intrinsic and reflex contributions to human ankle stiffness dynamics.
    • 9151483. 10.1109/10.581944
    • Identification of intrinsic and reflex contributions to human ankle stiffness dynamics. RE Kearney RB Stein L Parameswaran, IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1997 44 493 504 9151483 10.1109/10.581944
    • (1997) IEEE Trans Biomed Eng , vol.44 , pp. 493-504
    • Kearney, R.E.1    Stein, R.B.2    Parameswaran, L.3
  • 14
    • 0033637423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrinsic and reflex contributions to human ankle stiffness: Variation with activation level and position
    • 11156307. 10.1007/s002210000534
    • Intrinsic and reflex contributions to human ankle stiffness: Variation with activation level and position. MM Mirbagheri H Barbeau RE Kearney, Exp Brain Res 2000 135 423 436 11156307 10.1007/s002210000534
    • (2000) Exp Brain Res , vol.135 , pp. 423-436
    • Mirbagheri, M.M.1    Barbeau, H.2    Kearney, R.E.3
  • 16
    • 0025347890 scopus 로고
    • Stiffness regulation by reflex action in the normal human hand
    • 2388060
    • Stiffness regulation by reflex action in the normal human hand. RR Carter PE Crago MW Keith, J Neurophysiol 1990 64 105 118 2388060
    • (1990) J Neurophysiol , vol.64 , pp. 105-118
    • Carter, R.R.1    Crago, P.E.2    Keith, M.W.3
  • 17
    • 0023695436 scopus 로고
    • Muscle stiffness in human ankle dorsiflexors: Intrinsic and reflex components
    • 3171659
    • Muscle stiffness in human ankle dorsiflexors: intrinsic and reflex components. T Sinkjaer E Toft S Andreassen BC Hornemann, J Neurophysiol 1988 60 1110 1121 3171659
    • (1988) J Neurophysiol , vol.60 , pp. 1110-1121
    • Sinkjaer, T.1    Toft, E.2    Andreassen, S.3    Hornemann, B.C.4
  • 18
    • 0025780489 scopus 로고
    • Mechanical and electromyographic responses to stretch of the human ankle extensors.
    • 1875249
    • Mechanical and electromyographic responses to stretch of the human ankle extensors. E Toft T Sinkjaer S Andreassen K Larsen, J Neurophysiol 1991 65 1402 1410 1875249
    • (1991) J Neurophysiol , vol.65 , pp. 1402-1410
    • Toft, E.1    Sinkjaer, T.2    Andreassen, S.3    Larsen, K.4
  • 19
    • 0021258737 scopus 로고
    • Long latency reflex force of human finger muscles in response to imposed sinusoidal movements
    • 6745369. 10.1007/BF00237282
    • Long latency reflex force of human finger muscles in response to imposed sinusoidal movements. J Noth HR Matthew HH Friedemann, Exp Brain Res 1984 55 317 324 6745369 10.1007/BF00237282
    • (1984) Exp Brain Res , vol.55 , pp. 317-324
    • Noth, J.1    Matthew, H.R.2    Friedemann, H.H.3
  • 20
    • 0024503520 scopus 로고
    • Spasticity: Quantitative measurements as a basis for assessing effectiveness of therapeutic intervention
    • 2916921
    • Spasticity: Quantitative measurements as a basis for assessing effectiveness of therapeutic intervention. JF Lehmann R Price BJ deLateur S Hinderer C Traynor, Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1989 70 6 15 2916921
    • (1989) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.70 , pp. 6-15
    • Lehmann, J.F.1    Price, R.2    Delateur, B.J.3    Hinderer, S.4    Traynor, C.5
  • 21
    • 0029924854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The stretch reflex response in the normal and spastic ankle: Effect of ankle position.
    • 8629926. 10.1016/S0003-9993(96)90038-6
    • The stretch reflex response in the normal and spastic ankle: Effect of ankle position. M Meinders R Price JF Lehmann KA Questad, Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996 77 487 492 8629926 10.1016/S0003-9993(96)90038-6
    • (1996) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.77 , pp. 487-492
    • Meinders, M.1    Price, R.2    Lehmann, J.F.3    Questad, K.A.4
  • 23
    • 0021223726 scopus 로고
    • The ankle stretch reflexes in normal and spastic subjects
    • 6722521. 10.1093/brain/107.2.637
    • The ankle stretch reflexes in normal and spastic subjects. PMH Rack RF Ross AF Thilman, Brain 1984 107 637 654 6722521 10.1093/brain/107.2.637
    • (1984) Brain , vol.107 , pp. 637-654
    • Rack, P.M.H.1    Ross, R.F.2    Thilman, A.F.3
  • 24
    • 34547792363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuromuscular abnormalities associated with spasticity of upper extremity muscles in hemiparetic stroke
    • 17537910. 10.1152/jn.00049.2007
    • Neuromuscular abnormalities associated with spasticity of upper extremity muscles in hemiparetic stroke. MM Mirbagheri K Settle R Harvey WZ Rymer, J Neurophysiol 2007 98 629 637 17537910 10.1152/jn.00049.2007
    • (2007) J Neurophysiol , vol.98 , pp. 629-637
    • Mirbagheri, M.M.1    Settle, K.2    Harvey, R.3    Rymer, W.Z.4
  • 25
    • 0036991727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of long-term FES-assisted walking on intrinsic and reflex dynamic stiffness in spastic SCI subjects
    • 10.1109/TNSRE.2002.806838
    • The effects of long-term FES-assisted walking on intrinsic and reflex dynamic stiffness in spastic SCI subjects. MM Mirbagheri M Ladouceur H Barbearu KR E., IEEE Trans Neural System Rehabil Eng 2002 10 4 280 289 10.1109/TNSRE.2002.806838
    • (2002) IEEE Trans Neural System Rehabil Eng , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 280-289
    • Mirbagheri, M.M.1    Ladouceur, M.2    Barbearu, H.3    Kearney, R.E.4
  • 26
    • 24044503118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of intrinsic and reflex ankle stiffness components in stroke patients
    • 15991034. 10.1007/s00221-005-2320-z
    • Identification of intrinsic and reflex ankle stiffness components in stroke patients. L Galiana J Fung R Kearney, Exp Brain Res 2005 165 4 422 434 15991034 10.1007/s00221-005-2320-z
    • (2005) Exp Brain Res , vol.165 , Issue.4 , pp. 422-434
    • Galiana, L.1    Fung, J.2    Kearney, R.3
  • 27
    • 75949150955 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary trial of carisoprodol in multiple sclerosis
    • 14143329
    • Preliminary trial of carisoprodol in multiple sclerosis. B Ashworth, Practitioner 1964 192 540 542 14143329
    • (1964) Practitioner , vol.192 , pp. 540-542
    • Ashworth, B.1
  • 28
    • 0023130157 scopus 로고
    • Interrater reliability on a modified Ashworth scale of muscle spasticity
    • 3809245
    • Interrater reliability on a modified Ashworth scale of muscle spasticity. RW Bohannon MB Smith, Phys Ther 1987 67 206 207 3809245
    • (1987) Phys Ther , vol.67 , pp. 206-207
    • Bohannon, R.W.1    Smith, M.B.2
  • 29
    • 0025269403 scopus 로고
    • Pathological stretch reflex on the "good" side of hemiparetic patients
    • 2324753
    • Pathological stretch reflex on the "good" side of hemiparetic patients. AF Thilmann SJ Fellows E Garms, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1990 53 208 214 2324753
    • (1990) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.53 , pp. 208-214
    • Thilmann, A.F.1    Fellows, S.J.2    Garms, E.3
  • 32
    • 0029430913 scopus 로고
    • Parametric modeling of the reflex contribution to dynamic ankle stiffness in normal and spinal cord injured spastic subjects.
    • Parametric modeling of the reflex contribution to dynamic ankle stiffness in normal and spinal cord injured spastic subjects. MM Mirbagheri RE Kearney H Barbeau, IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc, EMBS, 1995 17 1241 1242
    • (1995) IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc EMBS , vol.17 , pp. 1241-1242
    • Mirbagheri, M.M.1    Kearney, R.E.2    Barbeau, H.3
  • 33
    • 26844519239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structructural and mechanical alterations in spastic skeletal muscle
    • 16174321. 10.1017/S0012162205001465
    • Structructural and mechanical alterations in spastic skeletal muscle. JRH Foran S Steinman I Barash H Chambers RL Lieber, Dev Med Child Neurol 2005 47 713 717 16174321 10.1017/S0012162205001465
    • (2005) Dev Med Child Neurol , vol.47 , pp. 713-717
    • Foran, J.R.H.1    Steinman, S.2    Barash, I.3    Chambers, H.4    Lieber, R.L.5
  • 34
    • 0037310975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spastic muscle cells are shorter and stiffer than normal cells
    • 12548522. 10.1002/mus.10247
    • Spastic muscle cells are shorter and stiffer than normal cells. J Friden RL Lieber, Muscle Nerve 2003 27 2 157 164 12548522 10.1002/mus.10247
    • (2003) Muscle Nerve , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 157-164
    • Friden, J.1    Lieber, R.L.2
  • 35
    • 2442545677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural and functional changes in spastic skeletal muscle
    • 15116365. 10.1002/mus.20059
    • Structural and functional changes in spastic skeletal muscle. RL Lieber S Steinman IA Barash H Chambers, Muscle Nerve 2004 29 615 627 15116365 10.1002/mus.20059
    • (2004) Muscle Nerve , vol.29 , pp. 615-627
    • Lieber, R.L.1    Steinman, S.2    Barash, I.A.3    Chambers, H.4
  • 36
    • 0027189534 scopus 로고
    • Viscoelasticity of the sarcomere matrix of skeletal muscles. the titin-myosin composite filament is a dual-stage molecular spring
    • 8494977
    • Viscoelasticity of the sarcomere matrix of skeletal muscles. The titin-myosin composite filament is a dual-stage molecular spring. K Wang R McCarter J Wright J Beverly R Ramirez-Mitchell, Biophys J 1993 64 4 1161 1177 8494977
    • (1993) Biophys J , vol.64 , Issue.4 , pp. 1161-1177
    • Wang, K.1    McCarter, R.2    Wright, J.3    Beverly, J.4    Ramirez-Mitchell, R.5
  • 37
    • 0028824480 scopus 로고
    • Titins: Giant proteins in charge of muscle ultrastructure and elasticity
    • 7569978. 10.1126/science.270.5234.293
    • Titins: giant proteins in charge of muscle ultrastructure and elasticity. S Labeit B Kolmerer, Science 1995 270 5234 293 296 7569978 10.1126/science.270. 5234.293
    • (1995) Science , vol.270 , Issue.5234 , pp. 293-296
    • Labeit, S.1    Kolmerer, B.2
  • 38
    • 33750728870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fibre type-specific increase in passive muscle tension in spinal cord-injured subjects with spasticity
    • 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.116749
    • Fibre type-specific increase in passive muscle tension in spinal cord-injured subjects with spasticity. MC Olsson M Kruger LH Meyer L Ahnlund L Gransberg WA Linke L Larsson, J Physiol 2006 15 577 339 352 10.1113/jphysiol. 2006.116749
    • (2006) J Physiol , vol.15 , Issue.577 , pp. 339-352
    • Olsson, M.C.1    Kruger, M.2    Meyer, L.H.3    Ahnlund, L.4    Gransberg, L.5    Linke, W.A.6    Larsson, L.7
  • 39
    • 0035019312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Collagen accumulation in muscles of children with cerebral palsy and correlation with severity of spasticity
    • 11368484. 10.1017/S0012162201000597
    • Collagen accumulation in muscles of children with cerebral palsy and correlation with severity of spasticity. CM Booth MJ Cortina-Borja TN Theologis, Dev Med Child Neurol 2001 43 5 314 320 11368484 10.1017/S0012162201000597
    • (2001) Dev Med Child Neurol , vol.43 , Issue.5 , pp. 314-320
    • Booth, C.M.1    Cortina-Borja, M.J.2    Theologis, T.N.3
  • 40
    • 0030197706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle histopathology in spastic cerebral palsy
    • 8879649. 10.1016/0387-7604(96)00006-X
    • Muscle histopathology in spastic cerebral palsy. J Ito A Araki H Tanaka T Tasaki K Cho R Yamazaki, Brain Dev 1996 18 4 299 303 8879649 10.1016/0387-7604(96)00006-X
    • (1996) Brain Dev , vol.18 , Issue.4 , pp. 299-303
    • Ito, J.1    Araki, A.2    Tanaka, H.3    Tasaki, T.4    Cho, K.5    Yamazaki, R.6
  • 41
    • 0024358423 scopus 로고
    • Histological and morphological aspects of muscle in infantile cerebral palsy
    • 2737897
    • Histological and morphological aspects of muscle in infantile cerebral palsy. L Romanini C Villani C Meloni V Calvisi, Ital J Orthop Traumatol 1989 15 1 87 93 2737897
    • (1989) Ital J Orthop Traumatol , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 87-93
    • Romanini, L.1    Villani, C.2    Meloni, C.3    Calvisi, V.4
  • 43
    • 0026862637 scopus 로고
    • Functional morphology of the endomysium in series fibered muscles
    • 1608046. 10.1002/jmor.1052120203
    • Functional morphology of the endomysium in series fibered muscles. JA Trotter PP Purslow, J Morphol 1992 212 2 109 122 1608046 10.1002/jmor.1052120203
    • (1992) J Morphol , vol.212 , Issue.2 , pp. 109-122
    • Trotter, J.A.1    Purslow, P.P.2
  • 44
    • 0036124866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunohistochemical study of muscle biopsy in children with cerebral palsy
    • 11891093. 10.1016/S0387-7604(01)00394-1
    • Immunohistochemical study of muscle biopsy in children with cerebral palsy. A Marbini A Ferrari G Cioni MF Bellanova C Fusco F Gemignani, Brain Dev 2002 24 2 63 66 11891093 10.1016/S0387-7604(01)00394-1
    • (2002) Brain Dev , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 63-66
    • Marbini, A.1    Ferrari, A.2    Cioni, G.3    Bellanova, M.F.4    Fusco, C.5    Gemignani, F.6
  • 45
    • 0028533392 scopus 로고
    • Muscle pathology and clinical measures of disability in children with cerebral palsy
    • 7983551. 10.1002/jor.1100120603
    • Muscle pathology and clinical measures of disability in children with cerebral palsy. J Rose WL Haskell JG Gamble RL Hamilton DA Brown L Rinsky, J Orthop Res 1994 12 6 758 768 7983551 10.1002/jor.1100120603
    • (1994) J Orthop Res , vol.12 , Issue.6 , pp. 758-768
    • Rose, J.1    Haskell, W.L.2    Gamble, J.G.3    Hamilton, R.L.4    Brown, D.A.5    Rinsky, L.6
  • 48
    • 0018253351 scopus 로고
    • Changes in sarcomere length and physiological properties in immobilized muscle
    • 744744
    • Changes in sarcomere length and physiological properties in immobilized muscle. PE Williams G Goldspink, J Anat 1978 127 Pt 3 459 468 744744
    • (1978) J Anat , vol.127 , Issue.PART 3 , pp. 459-468
    • Williams, P.E.1    Goldspink, G.2
  • 49
    • 0020031623 scopus 로고
    • Architectural alterations of rat hind-limb skeletal muscles immobilized at different lengths
    • 7084367. 10.1016/0014-4886(82)90104-2
    • Architectural alterations of rat hind-limb skeletal muscles immobilized at different lengths. SA Spector CP Simard M Fournier E Sternlicht VR Edgerton, Exp Neurol 1982 76 1 94 110 7084367 10.1016/0014-4886(82)90104-2
    • (1982) Exp Neurol , vol.76 , Issue.1 , pp. 94-110
    • Spector, S.A.1    Simard, C.P.2    Fournier, M.3    Sternlicht, E.4    Edgerton, V.R.5
  • 50
    • 0016098394 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of electrical stimulation as a treatment for the reduction of spasticity
    • 4462913
    • Evaluation of electrical stimulation as a treatment for the reduction of spasticity. R Davis JW Gesink, Bull Prosthet Res 1974 302 309 4462913
    • (1974) Bull Prosthet Res , pp. 302-309
    • Davis, R.1    Gesink, J.W.2
  • 51
    • 0028676211 scopus 로고
    • Twitch analysis as an approach to motor unit activation during electrical stimulation.
    • Twitch analysis as an approach to motor unit activation during electrical stimulation. M Heyters A Carpentier J Duchateau K Hainaut, Can J Appl Phys 1994 19 4 451 461
    • (1994) Can J Appl Phys , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 451-461
    • Heyters, M.1    Carpentier, A.2    Duchateau, J.3    Hainaut, K.4
  • 52
    • 0027438745 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of central motor reorganization in hemiplegic cerebral palsy
    • 8221056. 10.1093/brain/116.5.1223
    • Patterns of central motor reorganization in hemiplegic cerebral palsy. LJ Carr LM Harrison AL Evans JA Stephens, Brain 1993 116 1223 1247 8221056 10.1093/brain/116.5.1223
    • (1993) Brain , vol.116 , pp. 1223-1247
    • Carr, L.J.1    Harrison, L.M.2    Evans, A.L.3    Stephens, J.A.4
  • 53
    • 0036080606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Afferent mechanisms for the reflex response to imposed ankle movement in chronic spinal cord injury
    • 12070743. 10.1007/s00221-002-1080-2
    • Afferent mechanisms for the reflex response to imposed ankle movement in chronic spinal cord injury. BD Schmit EN Benz WZ Rymer, Exp Brain Res 2002 145 40 49 12070743 10.1007/s00221-002-1080-2
    • (2002) Exp Brain Res , vol.145 , pp. 40-49
    • Schmit, B.D.1    Benz, E.N.2    Rymer, W.Z.3
  • 54
    • 0031303398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle, reflex and central components in the control of the ankle joint in healthy and spastic man
    • 9406617
    • Muscle, reflex and central components in the control of the ankle joint in healthy and spastic man. T Sinkjaer, Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 1997 170 1 28 9406617
    • (1997) Acta Neurol Scand Suppl , vol.170 , pp. 1-28
    • Sinkjaer, T.1
  • 55
    • 0029795450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of the 'unaffected' upper extremity of elderly stroke patients
    • 8784131
    • Performance of the 'unaffected' upper extremity of elderly stroke patients. J Desrosiers D Bourbonnais G Bravo PM Roy M Guay, Stroke 1996 27 9 1564 1570 8784131
    • (1996) Stroke , vol.27 , Issue.9 , pp. 1564-1570
    • Desrosiers, J.1    Bourbonnais, D.2    Bravo, G.3    Roy, P.M.4    Guay, M.5
  • 56
    • 0024380565 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of muscular weakness in upper motor neuron lesions affecting the arm
    • 2731028. 10.1093/brain/112.3.749
    • The distribution of muscular weakness in upper motor neuron lesions affecting the arm. JG Colebatch SC Gandevia, Brain 1989 112 ( Pt 3) 749 763 2731028 10.1093/brain/112.3.749
    • (1989) Brain , vol.1123 , pp. 749-763
    • Colebatch, J.G.1    Gandevia, S.C.2
  • 57
    • 0029557472 scopus 로고
    • Relation between gait speed, knee muscle torque and motor scores in post-stroke patients
    • 8578040
    • Relation between gait speed, knee muscle torque and motor scores in post-stroke patients. B Lindmark E Hamrin, Scand J Caring Sci 1995 9 4 195 202 8578040
    • (1995) Scand J Caring Sci , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 195-202
    • Lindmark, B.1    Hamrin, E.2
  • 58
    • 0024998172 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of muscle weakness in upper motoneuron lesions affecting the lower limb
    • 2245306. 10.1093/brain/113.5.1459
    • The distribution of muscle weakness in upper motoneuron lesions affecting the lower limb. RW Adams SC Gandevia NF Skuse, Brain 1990 113 ( Pt 5) 1459 1476 2245306 10.1093/brain/113.5.1459
    • (1990) Brain , vol.1135 , pp. 1459-1476
    • Adams, R.W.1    Gandevia, S.C.2    Skuse, N.F.3
  • 59
    • 0021325971 scopus 로고
    • Isokinetic testing in patients with hemiparesis. a pilot study
    • 6695007
    • Isokinetic testing in patients with hemiparesis. A pilot study. MP Watkins BA Harris BA Kozlowski, Phys Ther 1984 64 2 184 189 6695007
    • (1984) Phys Ther , vol.64 , Issue.2 , pp. 184-189
    • Watkins, M.P.1    Harris, B.A.2    Kozlowski, B.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.