A radar survey of M- and X-class asteroids

Icarus

Volumn 195, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 184-205

  Shepard, Michael K ^a   Clark, Beth Ellen ^b   Nolan, Michael C ^c   Howell, Ellen S ^c   Magri, Christopher ^d   Giorgini, Jon D ^e   Benner, Lance A M ^e   Ostro, Steven J ^e   Harris, Alan W ^f   Warner, Brian ^g   Pray, Donald ^h   Pravec, Petr ⁱ   Fauerbach, Michael ^j   Bennett, Thomas ^j   Klotz, Alain ^k   Behrend, Raoul ^l   Correia, Horacio ^k   Coloma, Josep ^m   Casulli, Silvano ⁿ   Rivkin, Andrew ^o  

^a BLOOMSBURG UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b ITHACA COLLEGE   (United States)

^c Arecibo Observatory   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MAINE AT FARMINGTON   (United States)

^e CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^f Space Science Institute ^*  (United States)

^g Center for Extrasolar Planetary Systems   (United States)

^h Carbuncle Hill Observatory   (United States)

ⁱ ASTRONOMICAL INSTITUTE   (Czech Republic)

^j FLORIDA GULF COAST UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^k OBSERVATOIRE DE HAUTE PROVENCE   (France)

^l TAROT   (France)

^m Agrupacion Astronomica de Sabadell   (Spain)

ⁿ Osservatorio Astronomico Vallemare di Borbona   (Italy)

^o JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY APPLIED PHYSICS LABORATORY   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

Asteroids; asteroids; composition; Surfaces

Indexed keywords

EID: 42049099354     PISSN: 00191035     EISSN: 10902643     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.11.032     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Baer J., and Chesley S.R. Astrometric masses of 21 asteroids, and an integrated asteroid ephemeris. Celest. Mech. Dynam. Astron. 100 (2008) 27-42
2. Barruci M.A., Capria M.T., Coradini A., and Fulchignoni M. Classification of asteroids using G-mode analysis. Icarus 72 (1987) 304-324
3. Bell J.F., Davis D.R., Hartmann W.K., and Gaffey M.J. Asteroids: The big picture. In: Binzel R.P., Gehrels T., and Matthews M.S. (Eds). Asteroids II (1989), Univ. of Arizona, Tucson 921-948
4. Binzel R.P., Bus S.J., Xu S., Sunshine J., and Burbine T.H. Rotationally resolved spectra of Asteroid 16 Psyche. Icarus 117 (1995) 443-445
5. Britt D.T., Yeomans D., Housen K., and Consolmagno G. Asteroid density, porosity, and structure. In: Bottke Jr. W.F., Cellino A., Paolicchi P., and Binzel R.P. (Eds). Asteroids III (2002), Univ. of Arizona, Tucson 485-500
6. Bus S.J., and Binzel R.P. Phase II of the Small Main-Belt Asteroid Spectroscopic Survey: A feature-based taxonomy. Icarus 158 (2002) 146-177
7. Campbell D.B., Davis M.M., Goldsmith P.F., and Perillat P.J. The new Arecibo telescope: Status and performance. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 29 (1997) Abstract 1305
8. Carrier III W.D., Olhoeft G.R., and Mendell W. Physical properties of the lunar surface. In: Heiken G.W., Vaniman D.T., and French B.M. (Eds). Lunar Sourcebook: A User's Guide to the Moon (1991), Cambridge Univ. Press, New York 475-594
9. Cellino A., Zappala V., Doressoundiram A., Di Martino M., Bendjoya Ph., Dotto E., and Migliorini F. The puzzling case of the Nysa-Polana family. Icarus 152 (2001) 225-237
10. Cellino A., Diolaiti E., Ragazzoni R., Hestroffer D., Tanga P., and Ghedina A. Speckle interferometry observations of asteroids at TNG. Icarus 162 (2003) 278-284
11. Clark B.E., Bus S.J., Rivkin A.S., McConnochie T., Sanders J., Shah S., Hiroi T., and Shepard M. E-type asteriod spectroscopy and compositional modeling. J. Geophys. Res 103 (2004) E02001
12. Cloutis E.A., Gaffey M.J., Smith D.G.W., and Lambert R.St.J. Metal silicate mixtures: Spectral properties and applications to asteroid taxonomy. J. Geophys. Res. 95 (1990) 8323-8338
13. Dotto E., Barucci M.A., Fulchignoni M., Di Martino M., Rotundi A., Burchi R., and Di Paolantonio A. Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 95 (1992) 195-211
14. Drummond J.D., and Christou J. Sizing up asteroids at Lick Observatory with adaptive optics. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 38 (2006) Abstract 59.25
15. Dunham D.W., Goffin E., Manek J., Federspiel M., Stone R., and Owen W. Asteroidal occultation results multiply helped by HIPPARCOS. Mem. Soc. Astron. Ital. (J. Ital. Astron. Soc.) 73 (2002) 662-665
16. Fanale F.P., Johnson T.V., and Matson D.L. Io's surface and the histories of the Galilean satellites. In: Burns J. (Ed). Planetary Satellites (1974), Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson 378-408
17. Fulchignoni, M., Barucci, M.A., Fornasier, S., Dotto, E., Vernazza, P., Birlan, M., Carvano, J., Merln, F., Belskaya, I., 2004. 2867 Steins and 21 Lutetia: The Rosetta mission asteroid targets, Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 36. Abstract 28.03
18. Gaffey M.J. Spectral reflectance characteristics of the meteorite classes. J. Geophys. Res. 81 (1976) 905-920
19. Gaffey M.J., Burbine T.H., and Binzel R.P. Asteroid spectroscopy: Progress and perspectives. Meteoritics 28 (1993) 161-187
20. Greshake A., Krot A.N., Meibom A., Weisberg M.K., Zolensky M.E., and Keil K. Heavily-hydrated lithic clasts in CH chondrites and the related metal-rich chondrites Queen Alexandra Range 94411 and Hammadah al Hamra 237. Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 37 (2002) 281-293
21. Hardersen P.S., Gaffey M.J., and Abell P.A. M-asteroids: Searching for weak silicate features on potentially differentiated objects. Lunar Planet. Sci. 33 (2002) Abstract 1148
22. Harris A.W., and Young J.W. Asteroid rotation. III. 1978 Observations. Icarus 43 (1980) 20-32
23. Harris A.W., and Young J.W. Asteroid rotation. IV. 1979 Observations. Icarus 54 (1983) 59-109
24. Harris A.W., and Young J.W. Asteroid lightcurve observations from 1979-1981. Icarus 81 (1989) 314-364
25. Harris A.W., Young J.W., Dockweiler T., Gibson J., Poutanen M., and Bowell E. Asteroid lightcurve observations from 1981. Icarus 95 (1992) 115-147
26. Holliday B. Photometric observations of minor planet 758 Mancunia. Minor Planet Bull. 23 (1996) 28
27. Hudson S. Three-dimensional reconstruction of asteroids from radar observations. Remote Sens. Rev. 8 (1993) 195-203
28. Johnson T.V., and Fanale F.P. Optical properties of carbonaceous chondrites and their relationship to asteroids. J. Geophys. Res. 78 (1973) 8507-8518
29. Jones T.D., Lebofsky L.A., Lewis J.S., and Marley M.S. The composition and origin of the C, P, and D asteroids: Water as a tracer of thermal evolution in the outer belt. Icarus 88 (1990) 172-192
30. Kaasalainen M., Torppa J., and Piironen J. Models of twenty asteroids from photometric data. Icarus 159 (2002) 369-395
31. Kochetova, O.M., 2003. Application of new criteria for selecting perturbed minor planets for determination of masses of perturbing minor planets by dynamical method. In: Reports of Inst. of Applied Astronomy of Russian Acad. Sci. No. 165, St. Petersburg, 42 pp. (in Russian)
32. Krot A.N., Meibom A., Weisberg M.K., and Keil K. The CR chondrite clan: Implications for early Solar System processes. Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 37 (2002) 1451-1490
33. Lagerkvist C.I., Belskaya I., Erickson A., Schevchenko V., Mottola S., Chiorny V., Magnusson P., Nathues A., and Piironen J. Physical studies of asteroids. XXXIII. The spin rate of M-type asteroids. Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 131 (1998) 55-62
34. Lupishko D. On the bulk density and porosity of the M-type asteroid 16 Psyche. Solar Syst. Res. 40 (2006) 214-218
35. Magri C., Ostro S.J., Rosema K.D., Thomas M.L., Mitchell D.L., Campbell D.B., Chandler J.F., Shapiro I.I., Giorgini J.D., and Yeomans D.K. Main-belt asteroids: Results of Arecibo and Goldstone observations of 37 objects during 1980-1995. Icarus 140 (1999) 379-407
36. Magri C., Consolmagno G.J., Ostro S.J., Benner L.A.M., and Beeney B.R. Radar constraints on asteroid regolith properties using 433 Eros as ground truth. Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 36 (2001) 1697-1709
37. Magri C., Nolan M.C., Ostro S.J., and Giorgini J.D. A radar survey of main-belt asteroids: Arecibo observations of 55 object during 1999-2003. Icarus 186 (2007) 126-151
38. Magri C., Ostro S.J., Dcheeres D.J., Nolan M.C., Giorgini J.D., Benner L.A.M., and Margot J.L. Radar observations and a physical model of Asteroid 1580 Betulia. Icarus 186 (2007) 152-177
39. Margot J.-L., and Brown M.E. A low-density M-type asteroid in the main-belt. Science 300 (2003) 1939-1942
40. Mitchell D.L., Ostro S.J., Hudson R.S., Rosema K.D., Campbell D.B., Velez R., Chandler J.F., Shapiro I.I., Giorgini J.D., and Yeomans D.K. Radar observations of Asteroids 1 Ceres, 2 Pallas, and 4 Vesta. Icarus 124 (1996) 113-133
41. Mueller, M., Harris, A.W., Delbo, M., MIRSI team, 2005. 21 Lutetia and other M-types: Their sizes, albedos, and thermal properties from IRTF measurements. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 37. Abstract 7.02
42. Nedelcu, A., Birlan, M., Vernazza, P., Barucci, A., Fulchignoni, M., Binzel, R.P., 2006. Ground based science of 21 Lutetia. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 38. Abstract 59.06
43. Nolan, M.C., Harmon, J.K., Hine, A.A., Campbell, D.B., Perillat, P.J., Black, G., Daubar, I.J., Ostro, S.J., Benner, L.A.M., Jurgens, R.F., Slade, M.A., Giorgini, J.D., Chandler, J.F., 1998. First results from the Arecibo Observatory Planetary Radar. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 30. Abstract 1036
44. Ockert-Bell M.E., Clark B.E., Shepard M.K., Rivkin A.S., Binzel R.P., Thomas C.A., DeMeo F.E., Bus S.J., and Shah S. Observations of X/M asteroids across multiple wavelengths. Icarus 195 1 (2008) 206-219
45. Ostro S.J., Campbell D.B., and Shapiro I.I. Mainbelt asteroids: Dual polarization radar observations. Science 229 (1985) 442-446
46. Ostro S.J., Hudson R.S., Nolan M.C., Margot J.-L., Scheeres D.J., Campbell D.B., Magri C., Giorgini J.D., and Yeomans D.K. Radar observations of Asteroid 216 Kleopatra. Science 288 (2000) 836-839
47. Pravec P., and Harris A.W. Binary asteroid population. 1. Angular momentum content. Icarus 190 (2007) 250-259
48. Rivkin A.S., Howell E.S., Britt D.T., Lebofsky L.A., Nolan M.C., and Branston D.D. 3-μm spectrophotometric survey of M- and E-class asteroids. Icarus 117 (1995) 90-100
49. Rivkin A.S., Howell E.S., Lebofsky L.A., Clark B.E., and Britt D.T. The nature of M-class asteroids from 3-μm observations. Icarus 145 (2000) 351-368
50. Sada P.V., and Warner B.D. Rotation period of Asteroid 340 Eduarda and refined period for Asteroid 71 Niobe. Minor Planet Bull. 34 (2007) 37-38
51. Shepard, M.K., Kressler, K.M., Clark, B.E., Ockert-Bell, M.E., Nolan, M.C., Howell, E.S., Magri, C., Giorgini, J.D., Benner, L.A.M., Ostro, S.J., 2008. Radar observations of E-class Asteroids 44 Nysa and 434 Hungaria. Icarus, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2007.12.018, in press
52. Shevchenko V.G., and Tedesco E.F. Asteroid albedos deduced from stellar occultations. Icarus 184 (2006) 211-220
53. Simpson R.A. Proc. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. AP-24 (1976) 17
54. Tedesco E.F., Noah P.V., and Noah M. The supplemental IRAS minor planet survey. Astron. J. 123 (2002) 1056-1085
55. Tholen, D., 1984. Asteroid taxonomy from cluster analysis of photometry. Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Arizona, Tucson. 150 pp
56. Torppa J., Kaasalainen M., Michalowski T., Kwiatkowski T., Kryszczynska A., Denchev P., and Kowalski R. Shapes and rotational properties of thirty asteroids from photometric data. Icarus 164 (2003) 346-383
57. Tiuri M.E. Radio astronomy receivers. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. AP-12 (1964) 930-938
58. Tungalag N., Shevchenko V.G., and Lupishko D.F. Rotation parameters and shapes of 15 asteroids. Kinem. Phys. Celest. Bodies 18 (2002) 358-364
59. Viateau B. Mass and density of Asteroids (16) Psyche and (121) Hermione. Astron. Astrophys. 354 (2000) 725-731
60. Vilas F. A cheaper, faster, better way to detect water of hydration on Solar System bodies. Icarus 111 (1994) 456-467
61. Warner B.D. Asteroid lightcurve analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory-Late 2005 and early 2006. Minor Planet Bull. 33 (2006) 58-59
62. Warner B.D., Shepard M.K., Harris A.W., Pravec P., Crawford G., and Husarik M. Analysis of the lightcurve of 71 Niobe. Minor Planet Bull. 33 (2006) 102-103
63. Warner B.D., Behrend R., Poncy R., and Coliac J.-F. Lightcurve analysis of 758 Mancunia. Minor Planet Bull. 35 (2008) 25
64. Wasserman L.H., Millis R.L., and Franz O.G. The occultation of AG + 20°1138″-by 129 Antigone on 11 April 1985. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 18 (1986) Abstract 797
65. Weidenschilling S.J., Chapman C.R., Davis D.R., Greenberg R., Levy D.H., Binzel R.P., Vail S.M., Magee M., and Spaute D. Photometric geodesy of main-belt asteroids. III. Additional lightcurves. Icarus 86 (1990) 402-447
66. Zappala V., and Knezevic Z. Rotation axes of asteroids: Results for 14 objects. Icarus 59 (1984) 436-455
67. Zellner B., Leake M., Morrison D., and Williams J.G. The E-asteroids and the origin of the enstatite achondrites. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 41 (1977) 1759-1767
68. Zolensky M., and McSween Jr. H.Y. Aqueous alteration. In: Kerridge J.F., and Matthews M.S. (Eds). Meteorites and the Early Solar System (1988), Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson 114-143