메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 22, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 131-139

Surface electrodes are not sufficient to detect neurotonic discharges: Observations in a porcine model and clinical review of deltoid electromyographic monitoring using multiple electrodes

Author keywords

Electromyography; Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring; Spine surgery

Indexed keywords

ELECTRODES; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; NEUROLOGY; PATIENT MONITORING; SURGERY;

EID: 41949141016     PISSN: 13871307     EISSN: 15732614     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10877-008-9114-3     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (33)

References (59)
  • 1
    • 0028030049 scopus 로고
    • The use of mechanically elicited electromyograms to protect nerve roots during surgery for spinal degeneration
    • Owen JH, Kostuik JP, Gornet M, Petr M, Skelly J, Smoes C, Szymanski J, Townes J, Wolfe F. The use of mechanically elicited electromyograms to protect nerve roots during surgery for spinal degeneration. Spine 1994; 19: 1704-1710
    • (1994) Spine , vol.19 , pp. 1704-1710
    • Owen, J.H.1    Kostuik, J.P.2    Gornet, M.3    Petr, M.4    Skelly, J.5    Smoes, C.6    Szymanski, J.7    Townes, J.8    Wolfe, F.9
  • 2
    • 0028909540 scopus 로고
    • Continuous intraoperative electromyographic recording during spinal surgery
    • Beatty RM, McGuire P, Moroney JM, Holladay FP. Continuous intraoperative electromyographic recording during spinal surgery. J Neurosurg 1995; 82: 401-405
    • (1995) J Neurosurg , vol.82 , pp. 401-405
    • Beatty, R.M.1    McGuire, P.2    Moroney, J.M.3    Holladay, F.P.4
  • 3
    • 0031410018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous electromyographic monitoring to detect nerve root injury during thoracolumbar scoliosis surgery
    • Holland NR, Kostuik JP. Continuous electromyographic monitoring to detect nerve root injury during thoracolumbar scoliosis surgery. Spine 1997; 22: 2547-2550
    • (1997) Spine , vol.22 , pp. 2547-2550
    • Holland, N.R.1    Kostuik, J.P.2
  • 4
    • 0030060772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technology assessment: The use of surface emg in the diagnosis and treatment of nerve and muscle disorders
    • Haig AJ, Gelblum JB, Rechtien JJ, Gitter AJ. Technology assessment: The use of surface emg in the diagnosis and treatment of nerve and muscle disorders. Muscle Nerve 1996; 19: 392-395
    • (1996) Muscle Nerve , vol.19 , pp. 392-395
    • Haig, A.J.1    Gelblum, J.B.2    Rechtien, J.J.3    Gitter, A.J.4
  • 7
    • 20244383493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurophysiological monitoring during pedicle screw placement
    • In: Deletis, V, Shils, JL, eds. Academic Press, San Diego
    • Toleikis RJ. Neurophysiological monitoring during pedicle screw placement. In: Deletis, V, Shils, JL, eds. Neurophysiology in neurosurgery: A modern intraoperative approach. Academic Press, San Diego, 2002: 231-264
    • (2002) Neurophysiology in Neurosurgery: A Modern Intraoperative Approach , pp. 231-264
    • Toleikis, R.J.1
  • 8
    • 0026738114 scopus 로고
    • Intraoperative evoked EMG monitoring in an animal model
    • Calancie B, Lebwohl N, Madsen P, Klose JK. Intraoperative evoked EMG monitoring in an animal model. Spine 1992; 17: 1229-1235
    • (1992) Spine , vol.17 , pp. 1229-1235
    • Calancie, B.1    Lebwohl, N.2    Madsen, P.3    Klose, J.K.4
  • 9
    • 0028957058 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of intrapedicular screw position using intraoperative evoked electromyography
    • Maguire J, Wallace S, Madiga R, Leppanen R, Draper V. Evaluation of intrapedicular screw position using intraoperative evoked electromyography. Spine 1995; 20: 1068-1074
    • (1995) Spine , vol.20 , pp. 1068-1074
    • Maguire, J.1    Wallace, S.2    Madiga, R.3    Leppanen, R.4    Draper, V.5
  • 10
    • 0029870260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of pedicle screw insertion monitored by intraoperative evoked electromyography
    • Darden BV, Wood KE, Hatley MK, Owen JH, Kostuik JP. Evaluation of pedicle screw insertion monitored by intraoperative evoked electromyography. J Spinal Disorders 1996; 9: 8-16
    • (1996) J Spinal Disorders , vol.9 , pp. 8-16
    • Darden, B.V.1    Wood, K.E.2    Hatley, M.K.3    Owen, J.H.4    Kostuik, J.P.5
  • 11
    • 0029986628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evoked and spontaneous electromyography to evaluate lumbosacral pedicle screw placement
    • Clements DH, Morledge DE, Martin WH, Betz RR. Evoked and spontaneous electromyography to evaluate lumbosacral pedicle screw placement. Spine 1996; 21: 600-604
    • (1996) Spine , vol.21 , pp. 600-604
    • Clements, D.H.1    Morledge, D.E.2    Martin, W.H.3    Betz, R.R.4
  • 12
    • 0032518249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher electrical stimulus intensities are required to activate chronically compressed nerve roots
    • Holland NR, Lukaczyk TA, Riley LH, Kostuik JP. Higher electrical stimulus intensities are required to activate chronically compressed nerve roots. Spine 1998; 23: 224-227
    • (1998) Spine , vol.23 , pp. 224-227
    • Holland, N.R.1    Lukaczyk, T.A.2    Riley, L.H.3    Kostuik, J.P.4
  • 13
    • 0036644991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurophysiologic monitoring of spinal nerve root function during instrumented posterior lumbar spine surgery
    • Bose B, Wierzbowski LR, Sestokas AK. Neurophysiologic monitoring of spinal nerve root function during instrumented posterior lumbar spine surgery. Spine 2002; 27: 1444-1450
    • (2002) Spine , vol.27 , pp. 1444-1450
    • Bose, B.1    Wierzbowski, L.R.2    Sestokas, A.K.3
  • 14
    • 31444435803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraoperative monitoring of segmental spinal nerve root function with free-run and electrically-triggered electromyography and spinal cord function with reflexes and F-responses
    • Leppanen RE. Intraoperative monitoring of segmental spinal nerve root function with free-run and electrically-triggered electromyography and spinal cord function with reflexes and F-responses. J Clin Monit Comput 2005; 19: 437-461
    • (2005) J Clin Monit Comput , vol.19 , pp. 437-461
    • Leppanen, R.E.1
  • 15
    • 0022633943 scopus 로고
    • The surgical reduction of spondylolisthesis
    • Matthiass HH, Heine J. The surgical reduction of spondylolisthesis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1986; 203: 34-44
    • (1986) Clin Orthop Relat Res , vol.203 , pp. 34-44
    • Matthiass, H.H.1    Heine, J.2
  • 16
    • 0025074290 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of severe spondylolisthesis by anterior and posterior reduction and stabilization: A long term follow-up study
    • Bradford DS, Boachie-Adjei O. Treatment of severe spondylolisthesis by anterior and posterior reduction and stabilization: A long term follow-up study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1990; 72: 1060-1066
    • (1990) J Bone Joint Surg Am , vol.72 , pp. 1060-1066
    • Bradford, D.S.1    Boachie-Adjei, O.2
  • 17
    • 0023813776 scopus 로고
    • Severe spondylolisthesis: Reduction and internal fixation
    • Dick WT, Schnebel B. Severe spondylolisthesis: Reduction and internal fixation. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1988; 232: 70-79
    • (1988) Clin Orthop Relat Res , vol.232 , pp. 70-79
    • Dick, W.T.1    Schnebel, B.2
  • 18
    • 0032802085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complications in the surgical treatment of pediatric high-grade, ischemic dysplastic spondylolisthesis: A comparison of three surgical approaches
    • Molinari RW, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Ungacta FF, Riew KD. Complications in the surgical treatment of pediatric high-grade, ischemic dysplastic spondylolisthesis: A comparison of three surgical approaches. Spine 1999; 24: 1701-1711
    • (1999) Spine , vol.24 , pp. 1701-1711
    • Molinari, R.W.1    Bridwell, K.H.2    Lenke, L.G.3    Ungacta, F.F.4    Riew, K.D.5
  • 19
  • 20
    • 0013812937 scopus 로고
    • The cause of dissociated motor loss in the upper extremity with cervical spondylosis
    • Keegan JJ. The cause of dissociated motor loss in the upper extremity with cervical spondylosis. J Neurosurg 1965; 23: 528-536
    • (1965) J Neurosurg , vol.23 , pp. 528-536
    • Keegan, J.J.1
  • 21
    • 0025988459 scopus 로고
    • Neurologic complications of surgery for cervical compression myelopathy
    • Yonenobu K, Hosono N, Iwasaki M, Asano M, Ono K. Neurologic complications of surgery for cervical compression myelopathy. Spine 1991; 16: 1277-1282
    • (1991) Spine , vol.16 , pp. 1277-1282
    • Yonenobu, K.1    Hosono, N.2    Iwasaki, M.3    Asano, M.4    Ono, K.5
  • 22
    • 0032994756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: Pattern of neurological deficit and recovery after anterior cervical decompression
    • Chiles BW, Leonard MA, Choudhri HF, Cooper PR. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: Pattern of neurological deficit and recovery after anterior cervical decompression. Neurosurgery 1999; 44: 762-769
    • (1999) Neurosurgery , vol.44 , pp. 762-769
    • Chiles, B.W.1    Leonard, M.A.2    Choudhri, H.F.3    Cooper, P.R.4
  • 23
    • 0041786822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term complications and long-term results of expansive open-door laminoplasty for cervical stenotic myelopathy
    • Satomi K, Ogawa J, Ishii Y, Hirabayashi K. Short-term complications and long-term results of expansive open-door laminoplasty for cervical stenotic myelopathy. Spine J 2001; 1: 26-30.
    • (2001) Spine J , vol.1 , pp. 26-30
    • Satomi, K.1    Ogawa, J.2    Ishii, Y.3    Hirabayashi, K.4
  • 24
    • 0038617291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palsy of C5 nerve root after midsagittal splitting laminoplasty of the cervical spine
    • Minoda Y, Nakamura H, Konishi S. Palsy of C5 nerve root after midsagittal splitting laminoplasty of the cervical spine. Spine 2003; 28: 1123-1127
    • (2003) Spine , vol.28 , pp. 1123-1127
    • Minoda, Y.1    Nakamura, H.2    Konishi, S.3
  • 25
    • 33745713039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current concepts review: Operative treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy
    • Rao RD, Gourab K, David KS. Current concepts review: Operative treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy. J Bone Joint Surg 2006; 88: 1619-1640
    • (2006) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.88 , pp. 1619-1640
    • Rao, R.D.1    Gourab, K.2    David, K.S.3
  • 26
    • 33747818532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of motor dominant C5 paralysis after laminoplasty from the results of evoked spinal cord responses
    • Kazuo K, Hashiguchi A, Kato Y, Kojima T, Imajyo Y, Taguchi T. Investigation of motor dominant C5 paralysis after laminoplasty from the results of evoked spinal cord responses. J Spinal Disord Tech 2006; 19: 358-361
    • (2006) J Spinal Disord Tech , vol.19 , pp. 358-361
    • Kazuo, K.1    Hashiguchi, A.2    Kato, Y.3    Kojima, T.4    Imajyo, Y.5    Taguchi, T.6
  • 27
    • 17444385222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The incidence of C5-C6 radiculopathy as a complication of extensive cervical decompression: Own results and review of literature
    • Greiner-Perth R, ElSaghir H, Bohm H, El-Meshtawy M. The incidence of C5-C6 radiculopathy as a complication of extensive cervical decompression: Own results and review of literature. Neurosurg Rev 2005; 28: 137-142
    • (2005) Neurosurg Rev , vol.28 , pp. 137-142
    • Greiner-Perth, R.1    ElSaghir, H.2    Bohm, H.3    El-Meshtawy, M.4
  • 29
    • 0037111880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraoperative neurophysiologic detection of iatrogenic C5 nerve root injury during laminectomy for cervical compression myelopathy
    • Fan D, Schwartz DM, Vaccaro AR, Hilibrand AS, Albert TJ. Intraoperative neurophysiologic detection of iatrogenic C5 nerve root injury during laminectomy for cervical compression myelopathy. Spine 2002; 27: 2499-2502
    • (2002) Spine , vol.27 , pp. 2499-2502
    • Fan, D.1    Schwartz, D.M.2    Vaccaro, A.R.3    Hilibrand, A.S.4    Albert, T.J.5
  • 30
    • 0000288006 scopus 로고
    • Surgical monitoring of cranial and peripheral nerves
    • In: Desmedt JE, ed New York: Elsevier Science Publishers
    • Daube JR, Harper CM. Surgical monitoring of cranial and peripheral nerves. In: Desmedt JE, ed, Neuromonitoring in surgery. New York: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1989: 115-138
    • (1989) Neuromonitoring in Surgery , pp. 115-138
    • Daube, J.R.1    Harper, C.M.2
  • 31
    • 0031008518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in intraoperative neuromonitoring of spinal cord function: Pedicle screw stimulation techniques
    • Isley MR, Pearlman RC, Wadsworth JS. Recent advances in intraoperative neuromonitoring of spinal cord function: Pedicle screw stimulation techniques. Am J Technol. 1997; 37: 93-126
    • (1997) Am J Technol. , vol.37 , pp. 93-126
    • Isley, M.R.1    Pearlman, R.C.2    Wadsworth, J.S.3
  • 32
    • 41949091746 scopus 로고
    • Responses of nerve fibers to mechanical forces
    • In: Autrum H, ed New York: Springer-Verlag
    • Goldman DE. Responses of nerve fibers to mechanical forces. In: Autrum H, ed, Handbook of sensory physiology. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1971: 340-344
    • (1971) Handbook of Sensory Physiology , pp. 340-344
    • Goldman, D.E.1
  • 33
    • 0016370440 scopus 로고
    • Ongoing activity in peripheral nerve: Injury discharge
    • Wall PD, Waxman S, Basbaum AI. Ongoing activity in peripheral nerve: injury discharge. Exp Neurol 1974; 45: 576-589
    • (1974) Exp Neurol , vol.45 , pp. 576-589
    • Wall, P.D.1    Waxman, S.2    Basbaum, A.I.3
  • 34
    • 0000666118 scopus 로고
    • Effects of injury on mammalian nerve fibres
    • Adrian ED. Effects of injury on mammalian nerve fibres. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1930; 106: 596-618
    • (1930) Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci , vol.106 , pp. 596-618
    • Adrian, E.D.1
  • 35
    • 0006045519 scopus 로고
    • "Injury activity" and "trigger zones" in human nerves
    • Kugelberg E. "Injury activity" and "trigger zones" in human nerves. Brain 1946; 69: 310-324
    • (1946) Brain , vol.69 , pp. 310-324
    • Kugelberg, E.1
  • 36
    • 0011075052 scopus 로고
    • The effects of mechanical stimulation on some electrical properties of axons
    • Julian FJ, Goldman DB. The effects of mechanical stimulation on some electrical properties of axons. J Gen Physiol 1962; 46: 297-313
    • (1962) J Gen Physiol , vol.46 , pp. 297-313
    • Julian, F.J.1    Goldman, D.B.2
  • 38
    • 0040662315 scopus 로고
    • Responses of spike motor units to electrical stimulation
    • Kugelberg E, Skoglund CR. Responses of spike motor units to electrical stimulation. J Neurophysiol 1946; 9: 391-398
    • (1946) J Neurophysiol , vol.9 , pp. 391-398
    • Kugelberg, E.1    Skoglund, C.R.2
  • 39
    • 0000756967 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the characteristics of axons through their individual electrical responses
    • Blair E, Erlanger J. A comparison of the characteristics of axons through their individual electrical responses. Am J Physiol 1933; 106: 524-564
    • (1933) Am J Physiol , vol.106 , pp. 524-564
    • Blair, E.1    Erlanger, J.2
  • 40
    • 15744366376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recruitment patterns in human skeletal muscle during electrical stimulation
    • Gregory C, Bickel CS. Recruitment patterns in human skeletal muscle during electrical stimulation. Phys Ther 2005; 85: 358-364
    • (2005) Phys Ther , vol.85 , pp. 358-364
    • Gregory, C.1    Bickel, C.S.2
  • 41
    • 2942702696 scopus 로고
    • Functional significance in cell size in spinal motor neurons
    • Henneman E, Somjen G, Carpenter BO. Functional significance in cell size in spinal motor neurons. J Neurophysiol 1965; 28: 560-580
    • (1965) J Neurophysiol , vol.28 , pp. 560-580
    • Henneman, E.1    Somjen, G.2    Carpenter, B.O.3
  • 42
    • 0002794699 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of accommodation, adaptation in myelinated axons
    • In: Waxman SG, Kocsis JD, Stys PK, ed Oxford University Press, USA
    • Bostock H. Mechanisms of accommodation, adaptation in myelinated axons. In: Waxman SG, Kocsis JD, Stys PK, ed, The axon. Oxford University Press, USA, 1995: 311-327
    • (1995) The Axon , pp. 311-327
    • Bostock, H.1
  • 43
    • 0040068765 scopus 로고
    • Accommodation in human nerves
    • Kugelberg E. Accommodation in human nerves. Acta Physiol Scand 1944; 8(Suppl 24): 1-105
    • (1944) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.8 , Issue.SUPPL. 24 , pp. 1-105
    • Kugelberg, E.1
  • 44
    • 0017360099 scopus 로고
    • Mechanosensitivity of dorsal root ganglia and chronically injured axons: A physiological basis for the radicular pain of nerve root compression
    • Howe JF, Loeser JD, Calvin WH. Mechanosensitivity of dorsal root ganglia and chronically injured axons: A physiological basis for the radicular pain of nerve root compression. Pain 1977; 3: 25-41
    • (1977) Pain , vol.3 , pp. 25-41
    • Howe, J.F.1    Loeser, J.D.2    Calvin, W.H.3
  • 45
    • 0034433286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous electromyography monitoring of motor cranial nerves during cerebellopontine angle surgery
    • Romstock J, Strauss C, Fahlbusch R. Continuous electromyography monitoring of motor cranial nerves during cerebellopontine angle surgery. J. Neurosurg 2000; 93: 586-593
    • (2000) J. Neurosurg , vol.93 , pp. 586-593
    • Romstock, J.1    Strauss, C.2    Fahlbusch, R.3
  • 46
    • 0001990860 scopus 로고
    • The general concept of the motor unit
    • Buchthal F. The general concept of the motor unit. Nerv Ment Dis 1961; 38: 3-30
    • (1961) Nerv Ment Dis , vol.38 , pp. 3-30
    • Buchthal, F.1
  • 47
    • 0026444309 scopus 로고
    • Detection of motor unit action potentials with surface electrodes: Influence of electrode size and spacing
    • Fuglevand AJ, Winter DA, Patla AE, Stashuk D. Detection of motor unit action potentials with surface electrodes: Influence of electrode size and spacing. Biol Cybern 1992; 67: 143-153
    • (1992) Biol Cybern , vol.67 , pp. 143-153
    • Fuglevand, A.J.1    Winter, D.A.2    Patla, A.E.3    Stashuk, D.4
  • 48
    • 0038180934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of subcutaneous fat on myoelectric signal amplitude and cross-talk
    • Kuiken TA, Lowery MM, Stoykov NS. The effect of subcutaneous fat on myoelectric signal amplitude and cross-talk. Prosthet Orthot Int 2003; 27:48-54
    • (2003) Prosthet Orthot Int , vol.27 , pp. 48-54
    • Kuiken, T.A.1    Lowery, M.M.2    Stoykov, N.S.3
  • 49
    • 0038237385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical sources and volume conduction
    • In: Dumitru D, Amato AA, Zwarts MJ, ed Second edition. Hanley & Belfus, Philadelphia
    • Dumitru D, Stegeman DF, Zwarts MJ. Electrical sources and volume conduction. In: Dumitru D, Amato AA, Zwarts MJ, ed, Electrodiagnostic medicine, second edition. Hanley & Belfus, Philadelphia, 2002: 43
    • (2002) Electrodiagnostic Medicine , pp. 43
    • Dumitru, D.1    Stegeman, D.F.2    Zwarts, M.J.3
  • 50
    • 0017265305 scopus 로고
    • The reinnervated motor unit in man: A single-fiber EMG multielectrode investigation
    • Schwartz MS, Stalberg E, Schiller HH, Thiele B. The reinnervated motor unit in man: A single-fiber EMG multielectrode investigation. J Neurol Sci 1976; 27:303-312
    • (1976) J Neurol Sci , vol.27 , pp. 303-312
    • Schwartz, M.S.1    Stalberg, E.2    Schiller, H.H.3    Thiele, B.4
  • 52
    • 41949118789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basic electricity primer
    • In: Dumitru, D, Amato, AA, Zwarts, MJ, eds 2nd edn. Hanley & Belfus, Philadelphia
    • King JC. Basic electricity primer. In: Dumitru, D, Amato, AA, Zwarts, MJ, eds, Electrodiagnostic medicine, 2nd edn. Hanley & Belfus, Philadelphia, 2002: 106-107
    • (2002) Electrodiagnostic Medicine , pp. 106-107
    • King, J.C.1
  • 53
    • 0002229219 scopus 로고
    • Volume conduction and electromyography
    • In: Notermans SL, ed New York: Elsevier
    • de Weerd JPC. Volume conduction and electromyography. In: Notermans SL, ed, Current practice of clinical electromyography. New York: Elsevier, 1984; 9-28
    • (1984) Current Practice of Clinical Electromyography , pp. 9-28
    • de Weerd, J.P.C.1
  • 54
    • 0022922393 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of individual motor unit potentials: A proposition for standardized terminology and criteria for measurement
    • Stalberg E, Andreassen S, Falck B, Lang H, Rosenfalck A, Trojaborg W. Quantitative analysis of individual motor unit potentials: A proposition for standardized terminology and criteria for measurement. J Clin Neurophysiol 1986; 3: 313-348
    • (1986) J Clin Neurophysiol , vol.3 , pp. 313-348
    • Stalberg, E.1    Andreassen, S.2    Falck, B.3    Lang, H.4    Rosenfalck, A.5    Trojaborg, W.6
  • 55
    • 4444336991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Instrumentation
    • In: Dumitru D, Amato AA, Zwarts MJ, eds Second edition. Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus
    • Dumitru D, Zwarts MJ. Instrumentation. In: Dumitru D, Amato AA, Zwarts MJ, eds, Electrodiagnostic medicine, second edition. Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus, 2002: 72-73
    • (2002) Electrodiagnostic Medicine , pp. 72-73
    • Dumitru, D.1    Zwarts, M.J.2
  • 56
    • 0028868320 scopus 로고
    • CMAP variability as a function of electrode site and size
    • Van Dijk JG, Tjonatsien A, Vanderkamp R. CMAP variability as a function of electrode site and size. Muscle Nerve 1995; 18: 68-73
    • (1995) Muscle Nerve , vol.18 , pp. 68-73
    • Van Dijk, J.G.1    Tjonatsien, A.2    Vanderkamp, R.3
  • 57
    • 11144343389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of amplitude cancellation on the simulated surface electromyogram
    • Keenan KG, Farina D, Maluf KS, Merletti R, Enoka RM. Influence of amplitude cancellation on the simulated surface electromyogram. J Appl Physiol 2005; 98: 120-131
    • (2005) J Appl Physiol , vol.98 , pp. 120-131
    • Keenan, K.G.1    Farina, D.2    Maluf, K.S.3    Merletti, R.4    Enoka, R.M.5
  • 58
    • 0027425513 scopus 로고
    • Electromyography: Some methodological problems and issues
    • Türker KS. Electromyography: Some methodological problems and issues. Phys Ther 1993; 73: 698-710
    • (1993) Phys Ther , vol.73 , pp. 698-710
    • Türker, K.S.1
  • 59


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.