Elemental mercury fluxes over a sub-alpine grassland determined with two micrometeorological methods

Atmospheric Environment

Volumn 42, Issue 13, 2008, Pages 2922-2933

  Fritsche, J ^a   Obrist, D ^b   Zeeman, M J ^c   Conen, F ^a   Eugster, W ^c   Alewell, C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BASEL   (Switzerland)

^b DESERT RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^c ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Aerodynamic method; Background soil; Gaseous mercury; Micrometeorology; Modified Bowen ratio; Switzerland

Indexed keywords

METEOROLOGY; UNCERTAIN SYSTEMS; VEGETATION;

AERODYNAMIC METHODS; GASEOUS MERCURY; MICROMETEOROLOGY; MODIFIED BOWEN RATIO;

MERCURY (METAL);

CARBON DIOXIDE; MERCURY; RAIN; SNOW;

AERODYNAMICS; ALPINE ENVIRONMENT; DIURNAL VARIATION; GRASSLAND; MERCURY (ELEMENT); MICROMETEOROLOGY; SEASONAL VARIATION;

ARTICLE; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; DYNAMICS; GRASSLAND; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MEASUREMENT; NIGHT; POLLUTION TRANSPORT; PRECIPITATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEASONAL VARIATION; SWITZERLAND; TECHNIQUE; WEATHER;

EID: 41949137994     PISSN: 13522310     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.12.055     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Baldocchi, D., 2006. Advanced topics in biometeorology and micrometeorology: Lecture on micrometeorological flux measurement methods. University of California. Available at http://nature.berkeley.edu/biometlab/espm228/.
2. Bauer D., Campuzano-Jost P., and Hynes A.J. Rapid, ultra-sensitive detection of gas phase elemental mercury under atmospheric conditions using sequential two-photon laser induced fluorescence. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 4 3 (2002) 339-343
3. Cobos D.R., Baker J.M., and Nater E.A. Conditional sampling for measuring mercury vapor fluxes. Atmospheric Environment 36 27 (2002) 4309-4321
4. Dabberdt W.F., Lenschow D.H., Horst T.W., Zimmerman P.R., Oncley S.P., and Delany A.C. Atmosphere-surface exchange measurements. Science 260 5113 (1993) 1472-1481
5. Dipner-Gerber, M., Schibli, C., Eggenberg, S., 2004. Trockenwiesen und -weiden der Schweiz, Vorgehen und Ergebnisse Kanton Zug. Technical Report, BUWAL, Bern, Switzerland.
6. Du S.H., and Fang S.C. Uptake of elemental mercury-vapor by C3-species and C4-species. Environmental and Experimental Botany 22 4 (1982) 437-443
7. Dyer A.J. A review of flux-profile relationships. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 7 3 (1974) 363-372
8. Edwards G.C., Rasmussen P.E., Schroeder W.H., Kemp R.J., Dias G.M., Fitzgerald-Hubble C.R., Wong E.K., Halfpenny-Mitchell L., and Gustin M.S. Sources of variability in mercury flux measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 106 D6 (2001) 5421-5435
9. Edwards G.C., Rasmussen P.E., Schroeder W.H., Wallace D.M., Halfpenny-Mitchell L., Dias G.M., Kemp R.J., and Ausma S. Development and evaluation of a sampling system to determine gaseous Mercury fluxes using an aerodynamic micrometeorological gradient method. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 110 D10 (2005)
10. Ericksen J.A., Gustin M.S., Xin M., Weisberg P.J., and Fernandez G.C.J. Air-soil exchange of mercury from background soils in the United States. Science of the Total Environment 366 2-3 (2006) 851-863
11. Eugster W., and Zeeman M. Micrometeorological techniques to measure ecosystem-scale greenhouse gas fluxes for model validation and improvement. In: Soliva C.R., Takahashi J., and Kreuzer M. (Eds). Greenhouse Gases and Animal Agriculture: An Update. International Congress Series No. 1293 (2006), Elsevier, The Netherlands 66-75
12. Fitzgerald, W.F., Lamborg, C.H., 2004. Geochemistry of mercury in the environment. In: Holland, H.D., Turekian, K.K. (Eds.), Treatise on Geochemistry, first ed., vol. 9, Environmental Geochemistry. Elsevier-Pergamon, Oxford, pp. 107-148.
13. Foken T. Angewandte Meteorologie: Mikrometeorologische Methoden (2006), Springer, Berlin
14. 0 emissions from uncontaminated terrestrial soils. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, in press.
15. Gustin M.S., and Lindberg S.E. Terrestrial mercury fluxes: is the net exchange up, down, or neither?. In: Pirrone N., and Mahaffey K.R. (Eds). Dynamics of Mercury Pollution on Regional and Global Scales (2005), Springer, New York 241-259
16. Gustin M.S., Engle M., Ericksen J., Lyman S., Stamenkovic J., and Xin M. Mercury exchange between the atmosphere and low mercury containing substrates. Applied Geochemistry 21 11 (2006) 1913-1923
17. IOMC, 2002. Global mercury assessment. Technical Report, UNEP Chemicals, Geneva.
18. Johansson K., Bergback B., and Tyler G. Impact of atmospheric long range transport of lead, mercury and cadmium on the Swedish forest environment. Water, Air and Soil Pollution: Focus 1 (2001) 279-297
19. Keeler, G.J., Landis, M.S., 1994. Standard operating procedure for sampling vapor phase mercury. University of Michigan. Available at http://www.epa.gov/grtlakes/lmmb/methods/lmsamsvp.pdf.
20. Kim K.-H., Lindberg S.E., and Meyers T.P. Micrometeorological measurements of mercury-vapor fluxes over background forest soils in Eastern Tennessee. Atmospheric Environment 29 2 (1995) 267-282
21. Kim K.-H., Ebinghaus R., Schroeder W.H., Blanchard P., Kock H.H., Steffen A., Froude F.A., Kim M.-Y., Hong S., and Kim J.-H. Atmospheric mercury concentrations from several observatory sites in the northern hemisphere. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 50 1 (2005) 1-24
22. Landis M.S., Lynam M.M., and Stevens R.K. The monitoring and modelling of mercury species in support of local, regional and global modelling. In: Pirrone N., and Mahaffey K.R. (Eds). Dynamics of Mercury Pollution on Regional and Global Scales (2005), Springer, New York 124-151
23. Lee X.H. Water vapor density effect on measurements of trace gas mixing ratio and flux with a massflow controller. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 105 D14 (2000) 17807-17810
24. Lenschow D. Micrometeorological techniques for measuring biosphere-atmosphere trace gas exchange. In: Matson P., and Harriss R. (Eds). Biogenic Trace Gases: Measuring Emissions from Soil and Water (1995), Blackwell Science Ltd., Cambridge 126-163
25. Lindberg S., and Meyers T. Development of an automated micrometeorological method for measuring the emission of mercury vapor from wetland vegetation. Wetlands Ecology and Management 9 4 (2001) 333-347
26. Lindberg S.E., Kim K.H., Meyers T.P., and Owens J.G. Micrometeorological gradient approach for quantifying air-surface exchange of mercury-vapor-tests over contaminated soils. Environmental Science and Technology 29 1 (1995) 126-135
27. Lindberg S.E., Hanson P.J., Meyers T.P., and Kim K.H. Air/surface exchange of mercury vapor over forests-the need for a reassessment of continental biogenic emissions. Atmospheric Environment 32 5 (1998) 895-908
28. Lindberg S., Vette A., Miles C., and Schaedlich F. Mercury speciation in natural waters: measurement of dissolved gaseous mercury with a field analyzer. Biogeochemistry 48 2 (2000) 237-259
29. Lindberg S.E., Bullock O.R., Ebinghaus R., Engstrom D., Feng X., Fitzgerald W.F., Pirrone N., Prestbo E., and Seigneur C. The Madison declaration on mercury pollution. AMBIO 36 1 (2007) 62-65
30. Lindberg S.E., Ebinghaus R., Engstrom D., Feng X., Fitzgerald W.F., Pirrone N., Prestbo E., and Seigneur C. A synthesis of progress and uncertainties in attributing the sources of mercury in deposition. AMBIO 36 1 (2007) 19-33
31. Meyers T.P., Hall M.E., Lindberg S.E., and Kim K. Use of the modified Bowen-ratio technique to measure fluxes of trace gases. Atmospheric Environment 30 19 (1996) 3321-3329
32. Millhollen A., Obrist D., and Gustin M. Mercury accumulation in grass and forb species as a function of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and mercury exposures in air and soil. Chemosphere 65 5 (2006) 889-897
33. Millhollen A.G., Gustin M.S., and Obrist D. Foliar mercury accumulation and exchange for three tree species. Environmental Science and Technology 40 19 (2006) 6001-6006
34. Monin, A.S., Obukhov, A.M., 1954. Basic laws of turbulent mixing in the surface layer of the atmosphere (in Russian). Trudy Geofizicheskogo Instituta, Akademiya Nauk SSSR.
35. 0 concentration changes in the stable nocturnal boundary layer. Atmospheric Environment 40 5 (2006) 856-866
36. Pirrone N. Mercury research in Europe: towards the preparation of the EU air quality directive. Atmospheric Environment 35 17 (2001) 2979-2986
37. Pirrone N., and Mahaffey K.R. Where we stand on mercury pollution and its health effects on regional and global scales. In: Pirrone N., and Mahaffey K.R. (Eds). Dynamics of Mercury Pollution on Regional and Global Scales (2005), Springer, New York 1-21
38. Poissant L., and Casimir A. Water-air and soil-air exchange rate of total gaseous mercury measured at background sites. Atmospheric Environment 32 5 (1998) 883-893
39. Roth, K., 2006. Bodenkartierung und GIS-basierte Kohlenstoffinventur von graslandbden: Untersuchungen an den ETH-Forschungsstationen Chamau und Frebel (ZG, Schweiz). Technical Report, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich.
40. Schroeder W.H., Beauchamp S., Edwards G., Poissant L., Rasmussen P., Tordon R., Dias G., Kemp J., Heyst B.V., and Banic C.M. Gaseous mercury emissions from natural sources in Canadian landscapes. Journal of Geophysical Research 110 D18302 (2005)
41. Webb E.K., Pearman G.I., and Leuning R. Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water-vapor transfer. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 106 447 (1980) 85-100