The Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass Trial: Implications for future investigations

Neurosurgical Focus

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 2008, Pages

  Garrett, Matthew C ^a   Komotar, Ricardo J ^a   Merkow, Maxwell B ^a   Starke, Robert M ^a   Otten, Marc L ^a   Connolly, E Sander ^a  

^a Och Spine at New York Presbyterian Hospitals   (United States)

Author keywords

Carotid angiography; Extracranial intracranial bypass; Hemodynamic failure

Indexed keywords

BRAIN ANGIOGRAPHY; BRAIN CIRCULATION; CAROTID ARTERY OBSTRUCTION; CEREBRAL REVASCULARIZATION; CLINICAL TRIAL; HUMAN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PATIENT SELECTION; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; REVIEW;

CAROTID STENOSIS; CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY; CEREBRAL REVASCULARIZATION; CEREBROVASCULAR CIRCULATION; CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; HUMANS; PATIENT SELECTION; POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY;

EID: 41949136116     PISSN: None     EISSN: 10920684     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3171/FOC/2008/24/2/E4     Document Type: Review

References (51)

1. Adams HP Jr, Powers WJ, Grubb RL Jr, Clarke WR, Woolson RF: Preview of a new trial of extracranial-to-intracranial arterial anastomosis: the carotid occlusion surgery study. Neurosurg Clin N Am 12:613-624, 2001
2. Anonymous: Endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. Executive Committee for the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study. JAMA 273:1421-1428, 1995
3. Anonymous: Failure of extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass to reduce the risk of ischemic stroke. Results of an international randomized trial. The EC/IC Bypass Study Group. N Engl J Med 313:1191-1200, 1985
4. Anonymous: North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial. Methods, patient characteristics, and progress. Stroke 22:711-720, 1991
5. Baquis GD, Pessin MS, Scott RM: Limb shaking - a carotid TIA. Stroke 16:444-448, 1985
6. Barnett HJ: Progress towards stroke prevention: Robert Wartenberg lecture. Neurology 30:1212-1225, 1980
7. Bishop CC, Burnand KG, Brown M, Russell RR, Browse NL: Reduced response of cerebral blood flow to hypercapnia: restoration by extracranial-intracranial bypass. Br J Surg 74:802-804, 1987
8. Caplan LR, Sergay S: Positional cerebral ischaemia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 39:385-391, 1976
9. Chimowitz MI, Furlan AJ, Jones SC, Sila CA, Lorig RL, Paranandi L, et al: Transcranial Doppler assessment of cerebral perfusion reserve in patients with carotid occlusive disease and no evidence of cerebral infarction. Neurology 43:353-357, 1993
10. Deweese JA, May AG, Lipchik EO, Rob CG: Anatomic and hemodynamic correlations in carotid artery stenosis. Stroke 1:149-157, 1970
11. Di Piero V, Lenzi GL, Collice M, Triulzi F, Gerundini P, Perani D, et al: Long-term noninvasive single photon emission computed tomography monitoring of perfusional changes after EC-IC bypass surgery. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 50:988-996, 1987
12. Dobkin BH: Orthostatic hypotension as a risk factor for symptomatic occlusive cerebrovascular disease. Neurology 39:30-34, 1989
13. Fisher CM: Concerning recurrent transient cerebral ischemic attacks. Can Med Assoc J 86:1091-1099, 1962
14. Fisher M, Sotak CH, Minematsu K, Li L: New magnetic resonance techniques for evaluating cerebrovascular disease. Ann Neurol 32:115-122, 1992
15. Furlan AJ, Whisnant JP, Kearns TP: Unilateral visual loss in bright light. An unusual symptom of carotid artery occlusive disease. Arch Neurol 36:675-676, 1979
16. Hasegawa Y, Yamaguchi T, Tsuchiya T, Minematsu K, Nishimura T: Sequential change of hemodynamic reserve in patients with major cerebral artery occlusion or severe stenosis. Neuroradiology 34:15-21, 1992
17. Hirai Y, Fujimoto S, Toyoda K, Inoue T, Uwatoko T, Makihara N, et al: Superficial temporal artery duplex ultrasonography for improved cerebral hemodynamics after extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery. Cerebrovasc Dis 20:463-469, 2005
18. Holohan TV: Extracranial-intracranial bypass to reduce the risk of ischemic stroke. Health Technol Assess Rep 6:1-9, 1990
19. Holzschuh M, Brawanski A, Ullrich W, Meixensberger J: Cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reserve 5 years after EC-IC bypass. Neurosurg Rev 14:275-278, 1991
20. Ishikawa T, Kamiyama H, Houkin K, Takahashi A, Iwasaki Y, Abe H: Postsurgical observations of mean hemispheric cerebral blood flow with patients receiving high-flow EC-IC bypass using a radial artery graft (preliminary report, one-year observation of 10 hemispheres). Surg Neurol 43:500-509, 1995
21. Jinnouchi J, Toyoda K, Inoue T, Fujimoto S, Gotoh S, Yasumori K, et al: Changes in brain volume 2 years after extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery: a preliminary subanalysis of the Japanese EC-IC trial. Cerebrovasc Dis 22:177-182, 2006
22. Klijn CJ, Kappelle LJ, van Huffelen AC, Visser GH, Algra A, Tulleken CA, et al: Recurrent ischemia in symptomatic carotid occlusion: prognostic value of hemodynamic factors. Neurology 55:1806-1812, 2000
23. Kuroda S, Kamiyama H, Abe H, Takigawa S, Mitsumori K, Nomura M, et al: Drug-induced hypotension SEP test and acetazolamide test using 133Xe SPECT in patients with occlusive carotid disease - selection of candidates for extracranial-intracranial bypass. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 31:7-12, 1991
24. Kuroda S, Takigawa S, Kamiyama H, Abe H, Sakuragi M, Motomiya M, et al: [Diagnosis of hemodynamic compromise in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia; the detection of impaired vasodilatory capacity with 133Xe SPECT and acetazolamide (Diamox) test.] No Shinkei Geka 18:167-173, 1990 (Jpn)
25. Kuwabara Y, Ichiya Y, Sasaki M, Yoshida T, Fukumura T, Masuda K, et al: PET evaluation of cerebral hemodynamics in occlusive cerebrovascular disease pre- and postsurgery. J Nucl Med 39:760-765, 1998
26. Leinsinger G, Schmiedek P, Kreisig T, Einhaupl K, Bauer W, Moser E: [133Xe-DSPECT: significance of the cerebrovascular reserve capacity for the diagnosis and therapy of chronic cerebral ischemia.] Nuklearmedizin 27:127-134, 1988 (Ger)
27. Ma J, Mehrkens JH, Holtmannspoetter M, Linke R, Schmid-Elsaesser R, Steiger HJ, et al: Perfusion MRI before and after acetazolamide administration for assessment of cerebrovascular reserve capacity in patients with symptomatic internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion: comparison with 99mTc-ECD SPECT. Neuroradiology 49:317-326, 2007
28. Muraishi K, Kameyama M, Sato K, Sirane R, Ogawa A, Yoshimoto T, et al: Cerebral circulatory and metabolic changes following EC/IC bypass surgery in cerebral occlusive diseases. Neurol Res 15:97-103, 1993
29. Murata Y, Katayama Y, Sakatani K, Fukaya C, Kano T: Evaluation of extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass function by using near-infrared spectroscopy. J Neurosurg 99:304-310, 2003
30. Neff KW, Horn P, Dinter D, Vajkoczy P, Schmiedek P, Düber C: Extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass surgery improves total brain blood supply in selected symptomatic patients with unilateral internal carotid artery occlusion and insufficient collateralization. Neuroradiology 46:730-737, 2004
31. Pavics L, Doczi T, Blaho G, Bodosi M, Csernay L: [Effect of extra- and intra-cranial vascular anastomosis on regional blood flow, studied by SPECT using 99m-Tc HMPAO.] Orv Hetil 131:2183-2186, 1990 (Hungarian)
32. Powers WJ: Cerebral hemodynamics in ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Ann Neurol 29:231-240, 1991
33. Powers WJ, Press GA, Grubb RL Jr, Gado M, Raichle ME: The effect of hemodynamically significant carotid artery disease on the hemodynamic status of the cerebral circulation. Ann Intern Med 106:27-34, 1987
34. Przybylski GJ, Yonas H, Smith HA: Reduced stroke risk in patients with compromised cerebral blood flow reactivity treated with superficial temporal artery to distal middle cerebral artery bypass surgery. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 7:302-309, 1998
35. Russell RW, Page NG: Critical perfusion of brain and retina. Brain 106:419-434, 1983
36. Sabeti S, Schlager O, Exner M, Mlekusch W, Amighi J, Dick P, et al: Progression of carotid stenosis detected by duplex ultrasonography predicts adverse outcomes in cardiovascular high-risk patients. Stroke 38:2887-2894, 2007
37. Sasoh M, Ogasawara K, Kuroda K, Okuguchi T, Terasaki K, Yamadate K, et al: Effects of EC-IC bypass surgery on cognitive impairment in patients with hemodynamic cerebral ischemia. Surg Neurol 59:455-463, 2003
38. Schick U, Zimmermann M, Stolke D: Long-term evaluation of EC-IC bypass patency. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 138:938-943, 1996
39. Schmiedek P, Piepgras A, Leinsinger G, Kirsch CM, Einhüpl K: Improvement of cerebrovascular reserve capacity by EC-IC arterial bypass surgery in patients with ICA occlusion and hemodynamic cerebral ischemia. J Neurosurg 81:236-244, 1994
40. Somerville ER: Orthostatic transient ischemic attacks: a symptom of large vessel occlusion. Stroke 15:1066-1067, 1984
41. Sunada I: [Measurement of cerebral blood flow by single photon emission computed tomography in cases of internal carotid artery occlusion.] Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 29:496-502, 1989 (Jpn)
42. Takagi Y, Hashimoto N, Iwama T, Hayashida K: Improvement of oxygen metabolic reserve after extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery in patients with severe haemodynamic insufficiency. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 139:52-57, 1997
43. Tummala RP, Chu RM, Nussbaum ES: Extracranial-intracranial bypass for symptomatic occlusive cerebrovascular disease not amenable to carotid endarterectomy. Neurosurg Focus 14(3): E8, 2003
44. Vorstrup S, Brun B, Lassen NA: Evaluation of the cerebral vasodilatory capacity by the acetazolamide test before EC-IC bypass surgery in patients with occlusion of the internal carotid artery. Stroke 17:1291-1298, 1986
45. Vorstrup S, Lassen NA, Henriksen L, Haase J, Lindewald H, Boysen G, et al: CBF before and after extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease studied with 133Xe-inhalation tomography. Stroke 16:616-626, 1985
46. Widder B, Kleiser B, Krapf H: Course of cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with carotid artery occlusions. Stroke 25: 1963-1967, 1994
47. Yamashita T, Kashiwagi S, Nakano S, Takasago T, Abiko S, Shiroyama Y, et al: The effect of EC-IC bypass surgery on resting cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reserve capacity studied with stable XE-CT and acetazolamide test. Neuroradiology 33: 217-222, 1991
48. Yanagihara T, Klass DW: Rhythmic involuntary movement as a manifestation of transient ischemic attacks. Trans Am Neurol Assoc 106:46-48, 1981
49. Yanagihara T, Piepgras DG, Klass DW: Repetitive involuntary movement associated with episodic cerebral ischemia. Ann Neurol 18:244-250, 1985
50. Yokota C, Hasegawa Y, Minematsu K, Yamaguchi T: Effect of acetazolamide reactivity on [corrected] long-term outcome in patients with major cerebral artery occlusive diseases. Stroke 29:640-644, 1998
51. Zaidat OO, Werz MA, Landis DM, Selman W: Orthostatic limb shaking from carotid hypoperfusion. Neurology 53:650-651, 1999