Biostability and disinfectant by-product formation in drinking water blended with UF-treated filter backwash water

Water Research

Volumn 42, Issue 8-9, 2008, Pages 2135-2145

  Walsh, M E ^a   Gagnon, G A ^a   Alam, Z ^b   Andrews, R C ^c  

^a DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b General Electric Company Canada   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Biostability; Disinfectant by products; Filter backwash water; Ultrafiltration

Indexed keywords

CHLORINATION; DISINFECTION; POTABLE WATER; ULTRAFILTRATION;

BIOSTABILITY; DISINFECTANT BY-PRODUCTS; FILTER BACKWASH WATER;

WATER ANALYSIS;

DRINKING WATER;

CHLORINATION; DISINFECTION; POTABLE WATER; ULTRAFILTRATION; WATER ANALYSIS;

CHLORINE; DISINFECTION; DRINKING WATER; EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN; EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; FILTER; GUIDELINE; MEMBRANE; REGULATORY APPROACH; RESIDENCE TIME; STREAM; ULTRAFILTRATION; WATER QUALITY;

ARTICLE; CHLORINATION; DISINFECTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STORAGE; ULTRAFILTRATION; WASTE WATER RECYCLING; WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT; WATER ANALYSIS; WATER AVAILABILITY; WATER QUALITY; WATER STRUCTURE; WATER TREATMENT;

EID: 41949091277     PISSN: 00431354     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2007.11.024     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Aieta E.M., and Berg J.D. Review of chlorine dioxide in drinking water treatment. J. AWWA 78 6 (1986) 62
2. Aizawa T., Magara Y., and Musashi M. Effect of bromide ions on trihalomethane (THM) formation in water. J. Water Supply AQUA 38 (1989) 165-175
3. American Public Health Association (APHA), 1998. In: Clescert, L., Greenberg, A., Eaton, A. (Eds.), Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th ed. Washington, DC, USA.
4. American Water Works Association (AWWA). Water Treatment Plant Residual Management, Water Quality & Treatment, A Handbook of Community Water Supply (1999), McGraw-Hill, New York pp. 16.1-16.51
5. Anselme C., and Jacobs E.P. Water Treatment Membrane Processes (1996), McGraw-Hill, New York pp. 10.1-88
6. Arber R., Speed M.A., and Scully F. Significant findings related to formation of chlorinated organics in the presence of chloramines. Water Chlorination: Chemistry, Environmental Impact and Health Effects vol. 5 (1985), Lewis, Boca Raton, FL, USA 951-963
7. Arora H., Di Giovanni G., and LeChevallier M. Spent filter backwash water contaminants and treatment strategies. J. AWWA 93 5 (2001) 100-112
8. Bellar T.A., Lichtenberg J.J., and Kroner R.C. The occurrence of organohalides in chlorinated drinking waters. J. AWWA 66 (1974) 703
9. Bourgeois J.C., Walsh M.E., and Gagnon G.A. Comparison of processes for treatment of combined filter backwash water. J. Environ. Eng. Sci. 3 6 (2004) 1-8
10. Brugger A., VoBenkaul K., Melin T., Rautenbach R., Golling B., Jacobs U., and Ohlenforst P. Reuse of filter backwash water by implementing ultrafiltration technology. Water Sci. Technol. 1 5 (2001) 207-214
11. Bull R.J., and Kopfler F.C. Health Effects of Disinfectants and Disinfection By-products (1991), American Water Works Association Research Foundation and American Water Works Association, Denver, CO, USA
12. Bull R.J., Krasner S.W., Daniel P.A., and Bull R.D. Health Effects and Occurrence of Disinfection By-products (2001), American Water Works Association Research Foundation and American Water Works Association, Denver, CO, USA
13. Carlson M., and Hardy D. Controlling DBPs with monochloramine. J. AWWA 90 2 (1998) 95-106
14. Castro K., and Zander A.K. Membrane air-stripping: effects of pre-treatment. J. AWWA 87 3 (1995) 50-61
15. Chen W.J., and Weisel C.P. Halogenated DBP concentrations in a distribution system. J. AWWA 90 4 (1998) 151-163
16. Cornwell D., and Lee R. Recycle Stream Effects on Water Treatment (1993), American Water Works Research Foundation (AWWARF), Denver, CO, USA
17. Cornwell D., MacPhee M., McTigue N., Arora H., DiGiovanni G., LeChevallier M., and Taylor J. Treatment Options for Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Other Contaminants in Recycled Backwash Water (2001), American Water Works Association Research Foundation and American Water Works Association, Denver, CO, USA
18. Council Directive 98/83/EC, 1998. Concerning the quality of water intended for human consumption, 3 November 1998.
19. Cowman G.A., and Singer P.C. Effect of bromide ion on haloacetic acid speciation resulting from chlorination and chloramination of aquatic humic substances. Environ. Sci. Technol. 30 (1996) 16-24
20. Diehl A.C., Speitel G.E., Symons J.M., Krasner S.W., Hwang C.J., and Barrett S.E. DBP formation during chloramination. J. AWWA 92 6 (2000) 76-90
21. Dodds L., King W., Allen A.C., Armson B.A., Fell D.B., and Nimrod C. Trihalomethanes in public water supplies and risk of stillbirth. Epidemiology 15 2 (2004) 179-186
22. Edzwald J.K., Tobiason J.E., Kelley M.B., Dunn H.J., Galant P.B., and Kaminski G.S. Impacts of Filter Backwash Recycle on Clarification and Filtration (2001), American Water Works Association Research Foundation and American Water Works Association, Denver, CO, USA
23. Escobar I., and Randall A. Assimilable organic carbon (AOC) and biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC): complementary measurements. Water Res. 35 18 (2001) 4444-4454
24. Fleischacker S., and Randtke S. Formation of organic chloride in public water supplies. J. AWWA 75 3 (1983) 132
25. Frias J., Ribas F., and Lucena F. Comparison of methods for the measurement of biodegradable organic carbon and assimilable organic carbon in water. Water Res. 29 12 (1995) 2785-2788
26. Gagnon G.A., Dykstra T.S., O'Leary K.C., Andrews R.C., Chauret C., and Volk C. Impact of UV Disinfection on Biological Stability (2004), American Water Works Association Research Foundation and American Water Works Association, Denver, CO, USA
27. Goel S., Hozalski R.M., and Bouwer E.J. Biodegradation of NOM: effect of NOM source and ozone doze. J. AWWA 87 1 (1995) 90-105
28. Gordon, G., 1992. Water chemistry of the oxy-chlorine species. In: Conference Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Chlorine Dioxide: Drinking Water Issues, Houston, TX.
29. Gossett J.M. Measurement of Henry's law constants for C1 and C2 chlorinated hydrocarbons. Environ. Sci. Technol. 21 2 (1987) 202-208
30. Health Canada, 2006. Guidelines for Canadian drinking water quality. Available from 〈http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/water-eau/drink-potab/guide/index_e.html〉. [cited 12 January 2006].
31. Huck P.M. Measurement of biodegradable organic matter and bacterial growth potential in drinking water. J. AWWA 82 7 (1990) 78-86
32. Jacangelo J.G., Laine J.M., Cummings E.W., Deutschmann A., Mallevialle J., and Wiesner M.R. Evaluation of Ultrafiltration Membrane Pretreatment and Nanofiltration of Surface Waters (1994), American Water Works Association Research Foundation and American Water Works Association, Denver, CO, USA
33. Jacangelo J.G., Adham S.S., and Laine J.M. Mechanism of cryptosporidium, giardia and MS2 virus removal by MF and UF. J. AWWA 87 9 (1995) 107-121
34. Jensen J.N., St. Aubin J.J., Christman R.F., and Johnson J.D. Characterization of the reaction between monochloramine and isolated fulvic acid. In: Jolley R.J., Condie L.W., Johnson J.D., Katz S., Minear R.A., Mattice J.S., and Jacobs V.A. (Eds). Water Chlorination: Chemistry, Environmental Impact and Health Effects vol. 5 (1985), Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI
35. Khan E., King S., Babcock Jr. R.W., and Stenstrom M.K. Factors influencing biodegradable dissolved organic carbon measurement. J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE 125 6 (1999) 514-521
36. LeBel G.L., and Williams D.T. Differences in chloroform levels from drinking water samples analyzed using various sampling and analytical techniques. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 60 (1995) 213-220
37. LeGouellec Y.A., Cornwell D.A., and MacPhee M.J. Treating microfiltration backwash. J. AWWA 96 1 (2004)
38. MacPhee M.J., Cornwell D.A., and LeGouellec Y.A. Treatment of MF and UF Residuals for Removal of Cryptosporidium, Viruses, and Other Contaminants Prior to Recycle (2002), American Water Works Association Research Foundation and American Water Works Association, Denver, CO, USA
39. MWH Inc. Water Treatment Principles and Design. second ed (2005), Wiley, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
40. Richardson S.D., Thruston A.D., Collette T.W., Patterson K.S., Lykins B.W., Majetich G., and Zhang Y. Multispectral identification of chlorine dioxide disinfection byproducts in drinking water. Environ. Sci. Technol. 28 (1994) 592-599
41. Richardson, S.D., Thruston, A.D., Rav-Acha, C., Groisman, L., Popilevsky, I., Glezer, V., 2002. Chlorine dioxide DBPs: overview and results of recent work. In: Chlorine Dioxide: The State of Science, Regulatory, Environmental Issues and Case Histories, AWWARF Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium, Las Vegas, NV.
42. Rook J.J. Formation of haloforms during chlorination of natural waters. Water Treatment Exam. 23 (1974) 234
43. Servais P., Billen G., and Hascoet M.C. Determination of the biodegradable fraction of dissolved organic matter in waters. Water Res. 21 4 (1987) 445-450
44. Servais P., Billen G., Laurent P., Levi Y., and Randou G. Bacterial regrowth in distribution systems, Conference Proceedings (1993), American Water Works Association-Water Quality and Technology Conference, Miami, FL
45. Stevens A.A., Moore L.A., and Miltner R.J. Formation and control of non-trihalomethane disinfection by-products. J. AWWA 81 8 (1989) 54
46. Shealy, C.E., Yandle, F.L., Rutland, H.G., 2000. Membrane treatment for water plant residuals handling and water reclamation. In: Proceedings of the AWWA Annual Conference, Denver, CO.
47. Singer P.C., Krasner S., Baribeau H., Arora H., and Najm I. Relative Dominance of HAAs and THMs in Treated Drinking Water (2002), American Water Works Association Research Foundation and American Water Works Association, Denver, CO, USA
48. Taylor, J., Norris, C.D., Mufford, L.A., 2000. Recovery of backwash water by size exclusion membrane filtration. In: Proceedings of the AWWA Water Quality and Technology Conference.
49. Thomas J.M., McKay W.A., Cole E., Landmeyer J.E., and Bradley P.M. The fate of haloacetic acids and trihalomethanes in an aquifier storage and recovery program, Las Vegas, Nevada. Ground Water 38 4 (2000) 605-614
50. Thompson, M.A., Vickers, J.C., Wiesner, M.R., Clancy, J.L., 1995. Membrane filtration for backwash water recycle. In: Proceedings of the AWWA Annual Conference on Water Quality, pp. 1051-1064.
51. Topudurti K.V., and Haas C.N. THM formation by the transfer of active chlorine from monochloramine to phloroacetophenone. J. AWWA 83 (1991) 62-66
52. US EPA, 1998. Disinfectants and disinfection byproducts; final rule. Fed. Reg. 63:241:69390.
53. US EPA, 2001. Filter backwash recycling rule. Fed. Reg. 66:111:31086.
54. Valentine R.L., Choi J., Chen Z., Barrett S.D., Hwang C., Guo Y., Wehner M., Fitzsimmons S., Andrews S.A., Werker A.Ga., Brubacher C., and Kohut K. Factors Affecting the Formation of NDMA in Water and Occurrence (2005), American Water Works Association Research Foundation and American Water Works Association, Denver, CO, USA
55. Van der Kooij D. Assimilable organic carbon as an indicator of bacterial regrowth. J. AWWA 84 4 (1982) 57-65
56. Volk C., Renner C., Robert C., and Joret J.C. Comparison of two techniques for measuring biodegradable dissolved organic carbon in water. Environ. Technol. 15 (1994) 545-556
57. Volk C.J., Hofmann R., Chauret C., Gagnon G.A., Ranger G., and Andrews R.C. Implementation of chlorine dioxide disinfection: effects of the treatment change on drinking water quality in a full-scale distribution system. J. Environ. Eng. Sci. 1 (2002) 323-330
58. Walsh M.E., and Gagnon G.A. Blending membrane treated WTP waste residuals with finished water: impacts to water quality and biofilm formation. J. Water Supply Res. Technol. AQUA 55 5 (2006) 321-334
59. Werdehoff K.S., and Singer P.C. Chlorine dioxide effects on THMFP, TOXFP and the formation of inorganic by-products. J. AWWA 79 9 (1987) 107-113
60. Werner P., and Hambsch B. Investigations on the growth of bacteria in drinking water. Water Supply 4 (1986) 227
61. Wilczak A.J., Assadi-Rad A., Lai H.H., Hoover L.L., Smith J.F., Berger R., Rodigari F., Beland J.W., Lazzelle L.J., Kincannon E.G., Baker H., and Heaney C.T. Formation of NDMA in chloraminated water coagulated with DADMAC cationic polymer. J. AWWA 95 9 (2003) 94-106
62. Zhu, Q., Reckhow, D.A., 1993. Investigation of pre-ozonation and chloramination on haloacetic acid formation. In: Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the American Water Works Association, San Antonio, TX.