Socio-cultural, psychosexual and biomedical factors associated with genital symptoms experienced by men in rural India

Tropical Medicine and International Health

Volumn 13, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 384-395

  Gautham, Meenakshi ^a,f   Singh, Rajesh ^b   Weiss, Helen ^a   Brugha, Ruairi ^a   Patel, Vikram ^a   Desai, Nimesh G ^c   Nandan, Deoki ^d   Kielmann, Karina ^a   Grosskurth, Heiner ^a,e  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^b Garhwal Community Development and Welfare Society   (India)

^c INSTITUTE OF HUMAN BEHAVIOUR AND ALLIED SCIENCES   (India)

^d S N MEDICAL COLLEGE   (India)

^e Population Council   (India)

^f NONE

Author keywords

Genital symptoms; Psycho sexual; Rural men; Semen loss; STIs

Indexed keywords

ASSESSMENT METHOD; DISEASE TREATMENT; HEALTH EDUCATION; HEALTH SURVEY; MENS HEALTH; PSYCHOLOGY; QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY; RURAL AREA;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ARTICLE; CHLAMYDIASIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; CULTURAL FACTOR; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISTRESS SYNDROME; GENERAL HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRE; GENITAL SYSTEM DISEASE; GONORRHEA; HEALTH CENTER; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; INDIA; LETHARGY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PERCEPTION; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH; RURAL AREA; SEXUAL HEALTH; SEXUALITY; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE; SOCIAL ASPECT; SPERM; SYMPTOM; URETHRA DISEASE; URINALYSIS; WEAKNESS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CHLAMYDIA INFECTIONS; CULTURE; GONORRHEA; HUMANS; INDIA; MALE; MEN; MIDDLE AGED; REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE; RURAL HEALTH; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; URETHRAL DISEASES;

AGRA; ASIA; EURASIA; INDIA; SOUTH ASIA; TEHRI GARHWAL; UTTAR PRADESH; UTTARAKHAND;

CHLAMYDIA;

EID: 41849131772     PISSN: 13602276     EISSN: 13653156     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02013.x     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Adler MW (1998). ABC of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 4th edn. BMJ Books, London, UK.
2. Arya O (1998) Trichomoniasis. In : Sexually transmitted infections and AIDS in the Tropics (eds O Arya C Hart) CABI Publishing, New York, 289 294.
3. Bhatia MS Malik SC (1991) Dhat Syndrome. The Indian Practitioner, XLIV(No. 12), 941 948.
4. Chadda RK Ahuja N (1990) Dhat Syndrome: A Sex Neurosis of the Indian Subcontinent. British Journal of Psychiatry 156, 577 579.
5. Chaudhary S, Das AL, Dinker NL Srivastava DP (1999) Sexually Transmitted Disease, a Clinical Psychological Profile. Medical Journal Armed Forces India, 55 (3 212 216.
6. Collumbien M Hawkes S (2000) Missing men's messages: does the reproductive health approach respond to men's sexual health needs? Culture, Health and Sexuality, 2 (2 135 150.
7. Collumbien M, Bohidar N, Das R, Das B Pelto PJ (2004) Etic and emic categories in male sexual health: a case study from Orissa. In : Categories and Contexts. Critical Studies in Qualitative Demography and Anthropology (ed S Szreter) Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 199 220.
8. Desai NG, Gupta DK Srivastava RK (2004) Prevalence, Pattern and Predictors of Mental Health Morbidity following an Intermediate Disaster in an Urban Slum in Delhi: A Modified Cohort Study. Indian Journal of Psychology, 46 (I 39 51.
9. Gilson L, Mkanje R, Grosskurth H et al. (1997) Cost-effectiveness of improved treatment services for sexually transmitted diseases in preventing HIV-1 infection in Mwanza Region, Tanzania. Lancet 350 (9094 1805 1809.
10. Goldberg D Williams P (1988) A User's Guide to the General Health Questionnaire. NFER-Nelson, Windsor.
11. Goldberg DP, Gater R, Sartorius N, Ustun TB, Piccinelli M, Gureje O Rutter C (1997) The validity of two versions of the GHQ in the WHO study of mental illness in general health care. Psychological Medicine, 27, 191 197.
12. Grosskurth H, Mayaud P, Mosha F et al. (1996) Asymptomatic gonorrhoea and chlamydial infection in rural Tanzanian men. British Medical Journal 312, 277 280.
13. Gupta SK, Dayal S, Jain VK, Kataria U Relhan V (2004) Profile of male patients presenting with psychosexual disorders. Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 25 (No. 1 33 37.
14. Hawkes S 2002). Controlling STIs in India Through An Understanding of Men's Sexual Health Concerns. In : Perspectives on Culturally-Based Concepts of Male Semen Loss: A Key to Prevention of STIs/HIV (ed Deepak Charitable Trust) DCT, Gujarat, India, pp. 41 63.
15. Hawkes S Santhya KG (2002) Diverse realities: sexually transmitted infections and HIV in India. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 78 (Suppl 1 131 139.
16. International Institute for Population Sciences 2001). Reproductive and Child Health Survey 1998-99. IIPS, Mumbai. website: Data weblink: http://health.nic.in/fsnfhs.htm accessed Jan 28, 2008.
17. Irving G, Miller D, Robinson A, Reynolds S Copas A (1998) Psychological factors associated with recurrent vaginal candidiasis: a preliminary study. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 74 (5 334 338.
18. Joyee AG, Thyagarajan SP, Rajendran P et al. (2004) Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection in apparently healthy adult population of Tamil Nadu, India: a population based study. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 15, 51 55.
19. Khan N (2005) Dhat syndrome in relation to demographic characteristics. Indian Journal of Psychiatry., 47, 54 57.
20. Krieger JN Alderete JF (1999). Trichomonas vaginalis and trichomoniasis. In : Sexually transmitted diseases eds Holmes K, Sparling F Mardh P et al.) 3rd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, 587 604.
21. Laga M (1994) Epidemiology and control of sexually transmitted diseases in developing countries. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 21 (Suppl. 2 S45 S50.
22. Lakhani A 2002). The Experience of Deepak Charitable Trust in Raising the Issue of Male Semen Loss Concerns. In Perspectives on Culturally-Based Concepts of Male Semen Loss: A Key to Prevention of STIs/HIV (ed Deepak Charitable Trust) DCT, Gujarat, India, pp. xii xix.
23. Lindan C, Mathur M, Kumta S et al. (2005) Utility of Pooled Urine Specimens for Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Men Attending Public Sexually Transmitted Infection Clinics in Mumbai, India, by PCR. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 43 (4 1674 1677.
24. Malhotra HK Wig NN (1975) Dhat Syndrome: A Culture-Bound Sex Neurosis of the Orient. Archives of Sexual Behaviour, 4 (5 519 527.
25. Mumford DB (1996) The Dhat syndrome: a culturally determined symptom of depression? Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica., 94 (3 163 167.
26. National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) and UNICEF. (2002). Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Young Adults (15-24 years). NACO and UNICEF, New Delhi.
27. Nichter M (1981) Idioms of distress: alternatives in the expression of psychosocial distress: a case study from South India. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 5, 379 408.
28. Patel V Kleinman A (2003) Poverty & Common Mental Disorders in Developing Countries. Bulletin of the WHO 81, 609 615.
29. Patel V, Pereira J Mann A (1998) Somatic and Psychological Models of Common Mental Disorders in India. Psychological Medicine, 28, 135 143.
30. Patel V, Pednekar S, Weiss H et al. (2005) Why do women complain of vaginal discharge? A population survey of infectious and psychosocial risk factors in a South-Asian Community International Journal of Epidemiology, 34, 853 862.
31. Patel V, Weiss HA, Kirkwood BR et al. (2006) Common genital complaints in women: the contribution of psychosocial and infectious factors in a population-based cohort study in Goa, India. International Journal of Epidemiology, 0, 0. September 22 2006, Advance Access.
32. Pelto PJ (2002). Wastage of Semen: The Cultural History of a Psychosexual Concept. In : Perspectives on Culturally-Based Concepts of Male Semen Loss: A Key to Prevention of STIs/HIV (ed Deepak Charitable Trust) DCT, Gujarat, India, pp. 16 29.
33. Pepin J, Sobela F, Deslandes S et al. (2001) Etiology of urethral discharge in West Africa: the role of Mycoplasma genitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 79, 118 126.
34. Schensul SL (2002). Semen Loss and Sexually Transmitted Infections: Assessing the Linkages. In : Perspectives on Culturally-Based Concepts of Male Semen Loss: A Key to Prevention of STIs/HIV (ed Deepak Charitable Trust) DCT, Gujarat, India, pp. 3 14.
35. Shamasunder C, Krishnamurthy S, Prakash O, Prabhakar N Subbakrishna D (1986) Psychiatric morbidity in a general practice in an Indian city. BMJ, 292, 1713 1715.
36. Sumathipala A, Siribaddana SH Bhugra D (2004) Culture-bound syndromes: the story of dhat syndrome. British Journal of Psychiatry 184 (3 200 209.
37. Verma RK (2002). Male Sexual Health Concerns and its Implications: Research Findings from Community Based - Studies in Mumbai. in : Perspectives on Culturally-Based Concepts of Male Semen Loss: A Key to Prevention of STIs/HIV (ed Deepak Charitable Trust) DCT, Gujarat, India, pp. 66 77.
38. Verma RK Collumbien M (2004) Homosexual activity among rural Indian men: Implications for HIV interventions. AIDS, 18 (13 1845 1847.
39. Wasserheit J (1989) The significance and scope of reproductive tract infections among third world women. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, vol. 30 (Suppl. 2 145 168.
40. Watson-Jones D, Mugeye K, Mayaud P et al. (2000) High prevalence of trichomoniasis in rural men in Mwanza, Tanzania: results from a population based study. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 76, 355 362.
41. WHO (2003). Guidelines for the management of sexually transmitted infections (revised version). World Health Organization, Geneva. Weblink: http://www.who.int/reproductive_health/publications/rhr_01_10/01_10.pdf, accessed 10/1/05.
42. Wig NN (1960) Problems of mental health in India. Journal of Clinical and Social Psychiatry (India), 17, 48 53.
43. World Bank (2001). Attacking Poverty: World Development Report 2000/2001, IBRD World Bank, Washington D.C, Oxford University Press, New York.