Self-serving bias in visitor's perceptions of the impacts of tourism

Journal of Leisure Research

Volumn 40, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 69-89

  Van Winkle, Christine M ^a   MacKay, Kelly J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Past experience; Self serving bias; Tourism impacts

Indexed keywords

PERCEPTION; RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY; TOURIST BEHAVIOR; TOURIST DESTINATION;

CANADA; NORTH AMERICA; ROCKY MOUNTAINS;

EID: 41749117732     PISSN: 00222216     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00222216.2008.11950133     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Alessa, L., Bennett, S., & Kliskey, A. (2003). Effects of knowledge, personal attribution and perception of ecosystem health on depreciative behaviors in the intertidal zone of Pacific Rim National Park and Reserve. Journal of Environmental Management, 68, 207-219.
2. Alicke, M. D., Klotz, M. L., Breitenbecher, D. L., Yurak, T. J., & Vredenburg, D. S. (1995). Personal contact, individuation, and the better-than-average effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 804-825.
3. Allen, L. R., Patrick, T. L., Perdue, R. R., & Kieselback, S. (1988). The impact of tourism development on residents' perceptions of community life. Journal of Travel Research, 21, 16-21.
4. American Camping Association. (1984). The economic impact of organized camping in the United States in 1982: An estimate and analysis. Martinsville, IN: Author. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 303310)
5. Andereck, K. L., Valentine, K. M., Knopf, R. C., & Vogt, C. A. (2005). Residents' perceptions of community tourism impacts. Annals of Tourism Research, 32, 1056-1076.
6. Andereck, K. L., & Vogt, C. A. (2000). The relationship between residents' attitudes toward tourism and tourism development options. Journal of Travel Research, 39, 27-37.
7. Ap, J. (1990). Residents' perceptions research on the social impacts of tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 17, 610-615.
8. Ap, J. (1992). Residents' perceptions of tourism impacts. Annals of Tourism Research, 19, 665-690.
9. Arkin, R. M., Appelman, A. J., & Burger, J. M. (1980). Social anxiety, self-presentation, and the self-serving bias in causal attribution. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 23-35.
10. Bradley, G. W. (1978). Self-serving biases in the attribution process: A reexamination of the fact or fiction question. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 56-71.
11. Butler, R. W. (1974). The social implications of tourist developments. Annals of Tourism Research, 2, 100-111.
12. Clark, R. N., Hendee, J. C., & Campbell, F. L. (1971). Values, behavior and conflict in modern camping culture. Journal of Leisure Research, 3, 143-159.
13. Cohen, E. (1979). A phenomenology of tourist experiences. Sociology, 13, 179-201.
14. Cole, D. N. (1985). Recreational trampling effects on six habitat types in Western Montana. USDA Forest Service Research Paper INT-312.
15. Cole, D. N. (2000). Managing campsite impacts on wild rivers. Are there lessons for Wilderness managers? International Journal of Wilderness, 6, 12-16.
16. Cole, D. N. (2006). Visitor and recreation impact monitoring: is it lost in the gulf between science and management? The George Wright Society Forum, 23, 11-16.
17. Dogan, H. S. (1989). Sociocultural impacts of tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 16, 216-236.
18. Dunn, D. S. (1989). Demonstrating a self-serving bias. Teaching of Psychology, 16, 21-22.
19. Farrell, T., Hall, T. E., & White, D. D. (2001). Wilderness campers' perception and evaluation of campsite impacts. Journal of Leisure Research, 33, 229-250.
20. Farrell, T. A., & Marion, J. L. (2000). Identifying and assessing ecotourism visitor impacts at eight protected areas in Costa Rica and Belize. Environmental Conservation, 28, 215-225.
21. Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief attitude, intention, and behavior. London: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
22. George, D., & Mallery, P. (2000). SPSS Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
23. Gursoy, D., & Rutherford, D. G. (2004). Host attitudes toward tourism: An improved structural model. Annals of Tourism Research, 31, 495-516.
24. Haley, A. J., Snaith, T., & Miller, G. (2005). The social impacts of tourism: A case study of Bath, UK. Annals of Tourism Research, 32, 647-668.
25. Hammit, W. E., & Cole, D. N. (1998). Wildland recreation: Ecology and management. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
26. Hammit, W. E., & McDonald, C. D. (1983). Past on-site experience and its relationship to managing river recreation resources. Forest Science, 29, 262-266.
27. Hillery, M., Nancarrow, B., Griffin, G., & Syme, G. (2001). Tourist perception of environmental impact. Annals of Tourism Research, 28, 853-867.
28. Ibitayo, O. O., & Virden, R. J. (1996). Visitor and manager perceptions of depreciative behaviors in urban park settings. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 14, 36-51.
29. Juroswski, C., Uysal, M., & Williams, D. R. (1997). A theoretical analysis of host community resident reactions to tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 30, 3-7.
30. Keogh, B. (1989). Social impacts. In G. Wall (Ed.), Outdoor recreation in Canada (pp. 231-273). Toronto: John Wiley & Sons.
31. King, B., Pizam, A., & Milman, A. (1993). Social impacts of tourism: Host perceptions. Annals of Tourism Research, 20, 650-660.
32. Klein, W. (2001). Post hoc construction of self-performance and other performance in self-serving social comparison. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 744-754.
33. Knudson, D. M., & Curry, E. B. (1981). Campers' perceptions of site deterioration and crowding. Journal of Forestry, 79, 92-94.
34. Lankford, S. V., & Howard, D. R. (1994) Developing a tourism impact attitude scale. Annals of Tourism Research, 21, 121-139.
35. Larwood, L. (1978). Swine flu: A field study of self-serving biases. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 8, 283-289.
36. Liu, J., Sheldon, P. J., & Var, T. (1987). Resident Perception of the Environmental Impacts of Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 14, 17-37.
37. MacKay, K. J., & Campbell, J. M. (2004). A mixed method approach for measuring environmental impacts in nature-based tourism and outdoor recreation settings. Tourism Analysis, 9, 141-152.
38. MacKay, K. J., & Fesenmaier, D. R. (1997). Pictorial element of destination promotions in image formation. Annals of Tourism Research, 24, 537-65.
39. Manning, R. E. (1985). Crowding norms in backcountry settings: A review and synthesis. Journal of Leisure Research, 17, 75-89.
40. Manning, R., Valliere, W., Minteer, B., Wang, B., & Jacobi, C. (2000). Crowding in parks and outdoor recreation: A theoretical, empirical, and managerial analysis. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 18, 57-72.
41. Mason, P. (2003). Tourism impacts, Planning and management. Burlington, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann.
42. Mathieson, A., & Wall, G. (1982). Tourism: Economic, physical, and social impacts. New York: Longman.
43. Miller, D. T, & Ross, M. (1975). Self-serving biases in the attribution of causality: fact or fiction? Psychological Bulletin, 82, 213-225.
44. Moscardo, G. (1999). Making visitors mindful. Champaign, IL: Sagamore Publishing.
45. Myers, D. G. (1990). Social Psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company.
46. Nier, J. A. (2004). Why does the above average effect exist? Demonstrating idiosyncratic trait definition. Teaching of Psychology, 31, 53-54.
47. Sharpe, G. W., Odegaard, C. H., & Sharpe, W. F. (1994). A comprehensive introduction to park management (2nd Ed.). Champaign, IL: Sagamore Publishing.
48. Pahl, S., & Eiser, J. R. (2005). Valence, comparison focus and self positivity biases: Does it matter whether people judge positive or negative traits? Experimental Psychology, 52, 303-310.
49. Parks Canada. (2002). Parks Canada Attendance 1996-97 to 2000-01. Retrieved June 10, 2002, from Parks Canada Web site: http:// www.parkscanada.gc.ca/library/DownloadDocuments/DocumentsArchive/ attendance_e.pdf
50. Pearce, D. (1989). Tourist development. New York: Longman Scientific & Technical.
51. Perdue, R. R., Long, P. T., & Allen, L. (1987). Rural resident tourism perceptions and attitudes. Annals of Tourism Research, 14, 420-429.
52. Pigram, J. J., & Jenkins, J. (1999). Outdoor recreation management. New York: Routledge.
53. Priskin, J. (2003). Tourist perceptions of environmental degradation caused by coastal nature-based recreation. Environmental Management, 32, 189-204.
54. Roggenbuck, J. W. (1992). Use of persuasion to reduce resource impacts and visitor conflicts. In M. J. Manfredo (Ed.), Influencing human behavior (pp. 149-208). Champaign, IL: Sagamore Publishing.
55. Roggenbuck, J. W., Williams, D. R., & Watson, A. E. (1993). Defining acceptable conditions in wilderness. Environmental Management, 17(2), 187-197.
56. Schreyer, R., Lime, D. W., & Williams, D. R. (1984). Characterizing the influence of past experience on recreation behavior. Journal of Leisure Research, 16, 34-50.
57. Sheldon, P., & Var, T. (1984). Resident attitudes to tourism in North Wales. Tourism Management, 5, 40-47.
58. Singleton, R. A., & Straits, B. C. (1999). Approaches to social research. New York: Oxford University Press.
59. Snepenger, D. J., & Reiman, S. (1998). Is downtown mainly for tourists? Journal of Travel Research, 36, 5-12.
60. Tetlock, P. E. (1981). The influence of self-presentation goals on attributional reports. Social Psychology Quarterly, 44, 300-311.
61. Vaske, J. J., Donnelly, M. P., & Heberlein, T. A. (1980). Perceptions of crowding and resource quality by early and more recent visitors. Leisure Sciences, 3, 367-381.
62. Virden, R. J., & Schreyer, R. (1988). Recreation specialization as an indicator of environmental preference. Environment and Behavior, 20, 721-739.
63. White, D. D., Hall, T. E., & Farrell, T. A. (2001). Influence of ecological impacts and other campsite characteristics on wilderness visitors' campsite choices. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 19, 83-97.
64. Xiao, H., & Smith, S. (2006). The making of tourism research: Insights from a Social Sciences Journal. Annals of Tourism Research, 33, 490-507.