Phase morphology and mechanical properties of rubber-toughened polypropylene nanocomposites: Effect of elastomer polarity

Polymer - Plastics Technology and Engineering

Volumn 47, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 411-419

  Lim, J W ^a   Hassan, A ^a   Rahmat, A R ^a   Wahit, M U ^a  

^a UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA   (Malaysia)

Author keywords

Nanocomposite; Organoclay; Polyethylene octene (POE); Polypropylene (PP); Rubber toughened

Indexed keywords

ELASTOMERS; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; MORPHOLOGY; NANOCOMPOSITES; ORGANOCLAY; PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS; PHASE STRUCTURE;

ELASTOMER POLARITY; POLYETHYLENE OCTENE;

POLYPROPYLENES;

ELASTOMERS; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; MORPHOLOGY; NANOCOMPOSITES; ORGANOCLAY; PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS; PHASE STRUCTURE; POLYPROPYLENES;

ELASTOMER; MECHANICAL PROPERTY; MORPHOLOGY; NANOCOMPOSITE; POLYPROPYLENE; SYNTHETIC RUBBER;

EID: 41749116415     PISSN: 03602559     EISSN: 15256111     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/03602550801898289     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Tjong, S. C., Xu, S. A., Li, R. K. Y. and Mai, Y. W. (2002) Mechanical behavior and fracture toughness evaluation of maleic anhydride compatibilized short glass fiber/SEBS/polypropylene hybrid composites. Composites Science and Technology, 62, pp. 831-840.
2. Li, Z., Guo, S. Y., Song, W. T. and Hou, B. (2003) Effect of interfacial on morphology and mechanical properties of PP/POE/BasO4 ternary composites. Journal of Materials Science, 38, pp. 1793-1802.
3. Li, Y., Zhang, Y. and Zhang, Y. X. (2004) Morphology and mechanical properties of HDPE/SRP/elastomer composites: Effect of elastomer polarity. Polymer Testing, 23, pp. 83-90.
4. Dubnikova, I. L., Berezina, S. M. and Antonov, A. V. (2002) The effect of morphology of ternary-phase polypropylene/glass bead/ ethylene-propylene rubber composites on the toughness and brittle-ductile transition. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 85, pp. 1911-1928.
5. Premphet, K. and Horanont, P. (2000) Phase structure of ternary polypropylene/elastomer/filler composites: Effect of elastomer polarity. Polymer, 41, pp. 9283-9290.
6. Premphet, K. and Horanont, P. (2000) Phase structure and property relationships in ternary polypropylene/elastomer/filler composites: Effect of elastomer polarity. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 76, pp. 1929-1939.
7. Long, Y. and Shanks, R. A. (1996) PP-elastomer-filler hybrids. I. Processing, microstructure, and mechanical properties. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 61, pp. 1877-1885.
8. Premphet, K. and Horanont, P. (1999) Influence of stearic acid treatment of filler particles on the structure and properties of ternary-phase polypropylene composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 74, pp. 3445-3454.
9. Hornsby, P. R. and Premphet, K. (1998) Influence of phase microstructure on the mechanical properties of ternary phase polypropylene composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 70, pp. 587-597.
10. Kolarik, J., Lednicky, F., Jancar, J. and Pukanszky, B. (1990) Phase structure of ternary composites consisting of polypropylene/elastomer/ filler: Effect of functionalized components. Polym Commun., 31, pp. 201-207.
11. Ray, S. S. and Okamoto, M. (2003) Polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites: A review from preparation to processing. Progress in Polymer Science, 28, pp. 1539-1641.
12. Alexandra, M. and Dubois, P. (2000) Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: Preparation, properties and uses of new class of materials. Materials Science and Engineering, 28, pp. 1-63.
13. Giannelis, E. P., Krishnamoorti, R. and Manias, E. (1999) Polymer-silicate nanocomposites: Model systems for confined polymers and polymer brushes. Advances in Polymer Science, 38, pp. 107-147.
14. Kawasumi, M., Hasegawa, N., Kato, M., Usuki, A. and Okada, A. (1997) Preparation and mechanical properties of polypropylene-clay hybrids. Macromolecules, 30, pp. 6333-6338.
15. Kato, M., Usuki, A., Okada, A. and Kurauchi, T. (1997) Synthesis of polypropylene-clay hybrid. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 63, pp. 137-139.
16. Ton-That, M. T., Perrin-Sarazin, F., Colek, K. C., Bureau, M. N. and Denault, J. (2004) Polyolefin nanocomposites: Formulation and development. Polymer Engineering and Science, 44, pp. 1212-1219.
17. Nam, P. H., Maiti, P., Okamolo, M., Kotaka, T., Hasegawa, N. and Usuki, A. (2001) A hierarchical structure and properties of intercalated polypropylene/clay nanocomposites. Polymer, 42, pp. 9633-9640.
18. Liu, X. H. and Wu, Q. J. (2001) PP/clay nanocomposites prepared by grafting-melt intercalation. Polymer, 42, pp. 10013-10019.
19. Kim, K. N., Kim, H. S. and Lee, J. W. (2001) Effect of interlayer structure, matrix viscosity and composition of a functionalized polymer on the phase structure of polypropylene-montmorillonite nanocomposites. Polymer of Engineering and Science, 41, pp. 1963-1969.
20. Hasegawa, N., Okamoto, H., Kawasumi, M. and Usuki, A. (1999) Preparation and mechanical properties of polystyrene-clay hybrids. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 74, pp. 3359-3364.
21. Phang, I. Y., Liu, T. X., Mohamed, A., Pramoda, K. P., Chen, L., Shen, L., Chow, S. Y., He, C. B., Lu, X. H. and Hu, X. (2005) Morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of nylon 12/organoclay nanocomposites prepared by melt compounding. Polym. Int., 54, pp. 456-464.
22. Liu, X. H., Wu, Q. J. and Berglund, L. A. (2002) Polymorphism in polyamide 66/clay nanocomposites. Polymer, 43, pp. 4967-4972.
23. Liu, T. X., Liu, Z. H., Ma, K. X., Shen, L., Zeng, K. Y. and He, C. B. (2003) Morphology, thermal and mechanical behavior of polyamide 6/ layered-silicate nanocomposites. Composites Science and Technology, 63, pp. 331-337.
24. Wu, Z., Zhou, C. and Zhu, N. (2002) The nucleating effect of montmorillonite on crystallization of nylon 1212/montmorillonite nanocomposites. Polymer Testing, 21, pp. 479-483.
25. Zebra, A. S. and Lesser, A. J. (2001) Intercalated clay nanocomposites: Morphology, mechanics, and fracture behavior. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 39, pp. 1137-1146.
26. Ki, H. W., Min, H. C., Chong, M. K., Yeong, S. C. and In, J. C. (2001) Synthesis and characterization of maleated polyethylene/clay nanocomposites. Polymer, 42, pp. 9819-9826.
27. Shen, Z. Q., Simon, G. P. and Cheng, Y. B. (2002) Comparison of solution intercalation and melt intercalation of polymer-clay nanocomposites. Polymer, 43, pp. 4251-4260.
28. Mehrabzadeh, M. and Nia, K. Hossein (1999) Impact modification of polypropylene by ethylene propylene copolymer-grafted maleic anhydride. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 72, pp. 1257-1265.
29. Zhao, R. F. and Dai, G. (2002) Mechanical property and morphology comparison between the two blends poly(propylene)/ethylene propylene-diene monomer elastomer and poly(propylene)/maleic anhydride-g-ethylene-propylene-diene monomer. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 86, pp. 2486-2491.
30. Jancar, J., DiAnselmo, A., DiBenedetto, A. T. and Kucera, J. (1993) Failure mechanics in elastomer toughened polypropylene. Polymer, 34, pp. 1684-1690.
31. Lim, J. W., Hassan, A., Rahmat, A. R. and Wahit, M. U. (2006) Morphology, thermal and mechanical behaviour of polypropylene nanocomposites toughened with poly(ethylene-co-octene). Polymer International, 55:2, pp. 204-215.
32. Lim, J. W., Hassan, A., Wahit, M. U. and Rahmat, A. R. (2006) Rubber toughened polypropylene nanocomposite: Effect of polyethylene octene copolymer on mechanical properties and phase morphology. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 99, pp. 3441-3450.
33. Jancar, J. and Dibenedetto, A. T. (1994) Effect of interfacial interaction on morphology and mechanical properties of ternary composites. Journal of Materials Science, 29, pp. 4651-4659.
34. Jang, B. Z., Uhlmann, D. R. and Sande, J.B. Vander (1985) Rubber-toughening in polypropylene. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 30, pp. 2485-2504.
35. Li, Y. M. (2001) Mechanical Behavior of Multi-phase Clay-Modified Polypropylene Blend Systems, Texas A&M University
36. Liang, J. Z. and Li, R. K. Y. (2000) Rubber toughening in polypropylene: A review. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 77, pp. 409-417.
37. Marchant, D. and Jayaraman, K. (2002) Strategies for optimizing polypropylene-clay nanocomposites structure. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 41, pp. 6402-6408.
38. Kolarík, J. (1992) Ternary composites of polypropylene/elastomer/ calcium carbonate: Effect of functionalized components on phase structure and mechanical properties. Polymer, 33, pp. 4961-4967.
39. McNally, T., McShane, P., Nally, G. M., Murphy, W. R., Cook, M. and Miller, A. (2002) Rheology, phase morphology, mechanical, impact and thermal properties of polypropylene/metallocene catalysed ethylene 1-octene copolymer blends. Polymer, 43, pp. 3785-3793.
40. Premphet, K. and Paecharoenchai, W. (2001) Quantitative characterization of dispersed particle size, size distribution, and matrix ligament thickness in polypropylene blended with metallocene ethylene-octene copolymers. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 82, pp. 2140-2149.