The Ebbinghaus retention curve: training does not increase the ability to apply pressure immobilisation in simulated snake bite-implications for snake bite first aid in the developing world

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Volumn 102, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 451-459

  Simpson, Ian D ^a   Tanwar, P D ^b   Andrade, Chittaranjan ^c   Kochar, D K ^b   Norris, Robert L ^d  

^a Government of Tamil Nadu   (India)

^b S P MEDICAL COLLEGE   (India)

^c NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH AND NEUROSCIENCES   (India)

^d STANFORD UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Cone of Learning; Ebbinghaus curve; First aid; Pressure immobilisation method; Snake bite; Snakes

Indexed keywords

SNAKE VENOM;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CLINICAL PRACTICE; COMPRESSION BANDAGE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; DISEASE SIMULATION; FEEDBACK SYSTEM; FEMALE; FIRST AID; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; IMMOBILIZATION; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PRESSURE; SKILL; SNAKEBITE; TASK PERFORMANCE; TRAINING; VOLUNTEER; WRITING;

ADULT; AGED; CLINICAL COMPETENCE; EMERGENCY TREATMENT; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMMOBILIZATION; LEG; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PRESSURE; SNAKE BITES; SNAKE VENOMS;

SERPENTES;

EID: 41749099253     PISSN: 00359203     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.01.014     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Anker R.L., and Straffon W.G. Comment on: Pantyhose compression bandage: first-aid measure for snakebite. Med. J. Aust. 2 (1982) 241
2. Anker R.L., Straffon W.G., Loiselle D.S., and Anker K.M. Retarding the uptake of 'mock venom' in humans: comparison of three first-aid treatments. Med. J. Aust. 1 (1982) 212-214
3. Anker R.L., Straffon W.G., Loiselle D.S., and Anker K.M. Snakebite. Comparison of three methods designed to delay the uptake of 'mock venom'. Aust. Fam. Physician 12 (1983) 365-368
4. Balmain R., and McClelland K.L. Pantyhose compression bandage: first-aid measure for snakebite. Med. J. Aust. 2 (1982) 240-241
5. Blaylock R.S.M. Pressure immobilisation for snakebite in southern Africa remains speculative. S. Afr. Med. J. 84 (1994) 826-827 [Erratum. S. Afr. Med. J. 1995, 85, 1310.]
6. Blaylock R.S.M. Reply to: Pressure immobilisation for snakebite in southern Africa remains speculative. S. Afr. Med. J. 10 (1995) 1040-1041
7. Celenza T., Gennat H.C., O'Brien D., Jacobs I.G., Lynch D.M., and Jelinek G.A. Community competence in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation 55 (2002) 157-165
8. Chamberlain D., Smith A., Woolard M., Colquhoun M., Handley A.J., Leaves S., and Kern K.B. Trials of teaching methods in basic life support (3): comparison of simulated CPR performance after first training and at 6 months, with a note on the value of re-training. Resuscitation 53 (2002) 179-187
9. Currie B. Pressure-immobilization first aid for snakebite-fact and fancy, in: XIII International Congress for Tropical Medicine and Malaria; Jomtien, Pattaya, Thailand; 29 Nov-4 Dec 1992. Toxicon 31 (1993) 931-932
10. Dale E. Audiovisual Methods in Teaching (1969), Rinehard and Winston Inc., New York
11. Duncan A.W., Tibballs J., and Sutherland S.K. Comment on: Retarding the uptake of 'mock venom' in humans. Med. J. Aust. 1 (1982) 214
12. Dutta T.K., and Mukta V. Snakebite. J. Indian Med. Assoc. 104 (2006) 252-254
13. Ebbinghaus H. Über das Gedchtnis. Untersuchungen zur experimentellen Psychologie (1885), Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig
14. Eisenburger P., and Safar P. Life supporting first aid training of the public-review and recommendations. Resuscitation 41 (1999) 3-18
15. Gold B.S., Dart R.C., and Barish R.A. Author reply to: Bites of venomous snakes. N. Engl. J. Med. 347 (2002) 1805-1806
16. Gray S. Pressure immobilization of snakebite. Wilderness Environ. Med. 14 (2003) 70-71
17. Greenland S. Author reply to: Australian work in first aid of poisonous snakebite. Ann. Emerg. Med. 11 (1982) 228
18. Grenard S. Veno- and arterio-occlusive tourniquets are not only harmful, they are unnecessary. Toxicon. 38 (2000) 1305-1306
19. Harris J.B., and Goonetilleke A. Animal poisons and the nervous system: what the neurologist needs to know. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 75 Suppl. 3 (2004) iii40-iii46
20. Howarth D.M., Southee A.S., and Whyte I.M. Lymphatic flow rates and first-aid in simulated peripheral snake or spider envenomation. Med. J. Aust. 161 (1994) 695-700
21. Kano M., Siegal J.M., and Bourque L.B. First-aid training and capabilities of the lay public: a potential alternative source of emergency medical assistance following a natural disaster. Disasters 29 (2005) 58-74
22. Kiran S., and Senthilnathan T.A. Management of snake envenomation. Updat. Anaesth. 16 (2003) 13-18
23. Lynch D.M., Gennat H.C., Celenza T., Jacobs I.G., O'Brien D., and Jelinek G.A. Community senior first aid training in Western Australia: its extent and effect on knowledge and skills. Aust. N. Z. J. Public Health 30 (2006) 147-150
24. Maiden M.J., and White J. Severe rapid-onset paralysis in a part-time soldier. Crit. Care Resusc. 8 (2006) 120-122
25. Murrell G. The effectiveness of the pressure/immobilization first aid technique in the case of a tiger snake bite. Med. J. Aust. 2 (1981) 295
26. Norris R.L., Ngo J., Nolan K., and Hooker G. Physicians and lay people are unable to apply pressure immobilization properly in a simulated snakebite scenario. Wilderness Environ. Med. 16 (2005) 16-21
27. Oxer H.F. Australian work in first aid of poisonous snakebite. Ann. Emerg. Med. 11 (1982) 228
28. Pearn J.H., Morrison J.J., and Charles N. First aid for snakebite. Med. J. Aust. 2 (1981) 293-294
29. Pe T., Mya S., Myint A.A., Aung N.N., Kuy K.A., and Oo T. Field trial of efficacy of local compression immobilization first-aid technique in Russell's viper (Daboia russelii siamensis) bite patients. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health 31 (2000) 346-348
30. Rogers I.R., and Winkel K.D. Struan Sutherland's 'Rationalisation of first-aid measures for elapid snakebite'-a commentary. Wilderness Environ. Med. 16 (2005) 160-163
31. Russell F.E. Pressure and immobilisation for snakebite remains speculative. Ann. Emerg. Med. 11 (1982) 701-702
32. Simpson I.D. Snakebite: Recent Advances 2006. In: Sahay B.K. (Ed). Medicine Update (2006), The Association of Physicians of India, Mumbai 639-643
33. Sutherland S.K. Mock venom in humans. Aust. Fam. Physician 12 (1983) 368
34. Sutherland S.K. The pressure immobilisation technique. Med. J. Aust. 161 (1994) 700-701
35. Sutherland S.K. Reply to: Pressure immobilisation for snakebite in southern Africa remains speculative. S. Afr. Med. J. 10 (1995) 1039-1040
36. Sutherland S.K., Coulter A.R., and Harris R.D. Rationalisation of first-aid measures for elapid snakebite. Lancet 1 (1979) 183-186
37. Sutherland S.K., Harris R.D., Coulter A.R., and Lovering K.E. First aid for cobra (Naja naja) bites. Indian J. Med. Res. 73 (1981) 266-268
38. Tibballs J. Diagnosis and treatment of confirmed and suspected snakebite. Implications from an analysis of 46 paediatric cases. Med. J. Aust. 156 (1992) 270-274
39. Todd K.H., Heron S.L., Thompson M., Dennis R., O'Connor J., and Kellermann A.L. Simple CPR: a randomized, controlled trial of video self-instructional cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in an African American church congregation. Ann. Emerg. Med. 34 (1999) 730-737
40. Tun-Pe, Aye-Aye-Myint, Khin-Ei-Han, Thi-Ha, and Tin-Nu-Swe. Local compression pads as a first-aid measure for victims of bites by Russell's viper (Daboia russelii siamensis) in Myanmar. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 89 (1995) 293-295
41. University of Melbourne, 2006. Pressure-immobilisation bandaging (PIB). http://www.avru.org/firstaid/firstaid_pib.html [accessed 15 June 2006].
42. Warrell D.A. Clinical toxicology of snakebite in Asia. In: White J., and Meier J. (Eds). Handbook of Clinical Toxicology of Animal Venoms and Poisons (1995), CRC Press, New York 493-617
43. Warrell D.A. WHO/SEARO guidelines for the clinical management of snakebite in the Southeast Asian region. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health 30 Suppl. 1 (1999) 1-85
44. Warrell D.A. Comment on: Bites of venomous snakes. N. Engl. J. Med. 347 (2002) 1804-1805
45. Warrell D.A. Animal toxins. In: Cook G.C., and Zumla A. (Eds). Manson's Tropical Diseases. twenty-first edn. (2003), WB Saunders, London 581-618
46. Warrell D.A. Treatment of bites by adders and exotic venomous snakes. BMJ 331 (2005) 1244-1247 [Erratum. BMJ 2006, 332, 151.]
47. Warrell, D.A., 2005b. Guidelines for the Clinical Management of Snake Bites in the South-East Asia Region. World Health Organization, New Delhi, pp. i-67.
48. Warrell D.A. Australian toxinology in a global context. Toxicon 48 (2006) 718-725
49. White J. Snakebite: an Australian perspective. J. Wilderness Med. 2 (1991) 219-244
50. Wilson E., Brooks B., and Tweed W.A. CPR skills retention of lay basic rescuers. Ann. Emerg. Med. 12 (1983) 482-484
51. Winkel K.D., Hawdon G.M., and Levick N. Pressure immobilization for neurotoxic snake bites. Ann. Emerg. Med. 34 (1999) 294-295
52. Woollard M., Whitfield R., Smith A., Colquhoun M., Newcombe R.G., Vetter N., and Chamberlain D. Skill acquisition and retention in automated external defibrillator (AED) use and CPR by lay responders: a prospective study. Resuscitation 60 (2004) 17-28
53. Wynne G. ABC of resuscitation. Training and retention of skills. Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed.) 293 (1986) 30-32