Controls on early diagenetic overprinting in icehouse carbonates: Insights from modeling hydrological zone residence times using CARB3D+

Journal of Sedimentary Research

Volumn 78, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 258-281

  Paterson, Richard J ^a,c   Whitaker, Fiona F ^a   Smart, Peter L ^a   Jones, Gareth D ^b,d   Oldham, David ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

^b EXXONMOBIL UPSTREAM RESEARCH COMPANY   (United States)

^c Exxon Mobil   (United Kingdom)

^d CHEVRON ENERGY TECHNOLOGY COMPANY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBONATION; GLACIAL GEOLOGY; GROUNDWATER; MIXING; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; STRATIGRAPHY; SUBSIDENCE; SURFACE MEASUREMENT; WAREHOUSES;

CARBONATE PLATFORMS; EFFECTIVE RECHARGES; FIRST-ORDER APPROXIMATIONS; FOURTH-ORDER SEQUENCES; FUNDAMENTAL CONTROL; HIGHER FREQUENCIES; RELATIVE SEA LEVEL; SEA LEVEL VARIATIONS;

SEA LEVEL;

CARBONATE PLATFORM; DIAGENESIS; DISSOLUTION; FORWARD MODELING; OVERPRINTING; RECHARGE; RESIDENCE TIME; SEQUENCE BOUNDARY; VADOSE ZONE;

EID: 41749087829     PISSN: 15271404     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2110/jsr.2008.029     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. BEACH, D.K., 1995, Controls and effects of subaerial exposure on cementation and development of secondary porosity in the subsurface of Great Bahama Bank, in Budd, D.A., Saller, A.H., and Harris, P.M., eds., Unconformities and Porosity in Carbonate Strata, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 63, p. 1-34.
2. BACK, W., HANSHAW, B.B., PYLE, T.E., PLUMMER, L.N., AND WEIDIE, A.E. , 1979, Geotechnical significance of groundwater discharge and carbonate dissolution to the formation of Caleta Xel Ha, Quintana Roo, Mexico: Water Resources Research, v. 15, p. 1521-1535.
3. BERGER, A., AND LOUTRE, M.F., 1991, Insolation values for the climate of the last 10 million years: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 10, p. 297-317.
4. BERGER, A., LI, X.S., AND LOUTRE, M.F., 1999, Modelling Northern Hemisphere ice volume over the last 3 Ma: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 18, p. 1-11.
5. BUDD, D.A., 1988a, Petrographic products of freshwater diagenesis in Holocene ooid sands, Schooner Cays, Bahamas: Carbonates and Evaporites, v. 3, p. 107-128.
6. BUDD, D.A., 1988b, Aragonite-to-calcite transformation during fresh-water diagenesis of carbonates: insights from pore-water chemistry: Geological Society of America, Bulletin, v. 100, p. 1260-1270.
7. BUDD, D.A., AND LAND, L.S., 1990, Geochemical imprint of meteoric diagenesis in Holocene ooid sands, Schooners Cays, Bahamas: correlation of calcite cement geochemistry with extant groundwaters: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 60, p. 361-378.
8. BUDD, D.A., AND VACHER, H.L., 1990, Predicting the thickness of fresh-water lenses in carbonate paleo-islands: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 61, p. 43-53.
9. BUDD, D.A., GASWIRTH, S.B., AND OLIVER, W.L., 2002, Quantification of macroscopic subaerial exposure features in carbonate rocks: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 72, p. 917-928.
10. CANT, R.V., AND WEECH, P.S., 1986, A review of the factors affecting the development of Ghyben-Herzberg lenses in the Bahamas: Journal of Hydrology, v. 84, p. 333-343.
11. CLOETINGH, S., 1988, Intraplate stresses: a tectonic cause for third-order cycles in apparent sea level? in Wilgus, C.K., Hastings, B.S., Posamentier, H., Van Wagoner, J., Ross, C.A., and Kendall, C.G.St.C., eds., Sea-Level Changes: An Integrated Approach: SEPM, Special Publication 42, p. 19-29.
12. CRAIG, D.H., 1988, Caves and other features of Permian karst in San Andreas Dolomite, Yates Field reservoir, West Texas, in James, N.P., and Choquette, P.W., eds., Paleokarst: Berlin, Springer-Verlag, p. 342-363.
13. CROWLEY, T.J., AND BAUM, S.K., 1991, Estimating Carboniferous sea-level fluctuations from Gondwanan ice extent: Geology, v. 19, p. 975-977.
14. CSOMA, A.E., GOLDSTEIN, R.H., MINDSZENTY, A., AND SIMONE, L., 2004, Diagenetic salinity cycles and sea level along a major unconformity, Monte Composauro, Italy: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 74, p. 889-903.
15. DUNN, P.A., KOZAR, M.G., AND BUDIYONO, 1996. Application of geoscience technology in a geological study of the Natuna Gas Field, Natuna Sea, offshore Indonesia, Indonesian Petroleum Association, 25th Silver Anniversary, Proceedings, p. 117-130.
16. FAIRBANKS, R.G., 1989, A 17,000-year glacio-eustatic sea-level record: influence of glacial melting rates on the Younger Dryas event and deep-ocean circulation: Nature, v. 342, p. 637-640.
17. FETTER, C.W., 1972, The position of the saline water interface beneath oceanic islands: Water Resources Research, v. 8, p. 1307-1314.
18. FOOS, A., 1996, Comparison of subaerial exposure surfaces at major unconformities and capping shallowing-upward carbonate cycles, in Witzke, B.J., Ludvigson, G.A., and Day, J., eds., Paleozoic Sequence Stratigraphy: Views From the North American Craton, Geological Society of America, Special Paper 306, p. 419-424.
19. GAVISH, E., AND FRIEDMAN, G.M., 1969, Progressive diagenesis in Quaternary to Late Tertiary carbonate sediments: sequence and timescale: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 39, p. 980-1006.
20. GIERSON, R., 1974, Karst processes in the eastern Upper Galilee, northern Israel: Journal of Hydrology, v. 21, p. 113-152.
21. GOLDHAMMER, R.K., DUNN, P.A., AND HARDIE, L.A., 1990, Depositional cycles, composite sea-level changes, cycle stacking patterns, and the hierarchy of stratigraphic forcing: examples from Alpine Triassic Carbonates: Geological Society of America, Bulletin, v. 102, p. 535-562.
22. GRÖTSCH, J., AND MERCADIER, C., 1999, Integrated 3-D reservoir modeling based on the 3D seismic: the Tertiary Malampaya and Camago buildups, offshore Palawan, Philippines: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin, v. 83, p. 1703-1728.
23. HALLEY, R.B., AND HARRIS, P.M., 1979, Freshwater cementation of a 1000-year oolite: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 49, p. 969-988.
24. JAMES, N.P., AND CHOQUETTE, P.W., 1988. Paleokarst: New York, Springer-Verlag. 416 p.
25. JAMES, N.P., AND CHOQUETTE, P.W., 1990, Limestones: an introduction, in McIlreath, I.A., and Morrow, D.W., eds., Diagenesis: Geoscience Canada, v. 4, p. 9-11.
26. KRAFT, M.T., AND SANGREE, J.B., 1982. Seismic stratigraphy in carbonate rocks: depositional history of the Natuna D-Alpha Block (L-Structure), Stage IIIndonesian Petroleum Association, 11th Annual Convention, Proceedings, p. 299-321.
27. LAND, L.S., MACKENZIE, F.T., AND GOULD, S.P., 1967, Pleistocene history of Bermuda: Geological Society of America, Bulletin, v. 78, p. 993-1006.
28. LAND, L.S., 1970, Phreatic versus vadose meteoric diagenesis of limestones: Evidence from a fossil water table: Sedimentology, v. 14, p. 175-185.
29. LEHRMANN, D.J., AND GOLDHAMMER, R.K., 1999, Secular variations in parasequence and facies stacking patterns of platform carbonates: a guide to applications of stacking patterns analysis in strata of diverse ages and settings, in Harris, P.M., Salter, A.H., and Simo, J.A.T., eds., Advances in Carbonate Sequence Stratigraphy: SEPM, Special Publication 63, p. 187-226.
30. MATSUDA, H., YOSHIHIRO, T., NOBUYUKI, H., AND SAOTOME, J., 1995, Early diagenesis of Pleistocene carbonates from a hydrogeochemical point of view, Irabu Island, Ryukyu Islands: porosity changes related to early carbonate diagenesis, in Budd, D.A., Salter, A.H., and Harris, P.M., eds., Unconformities and Porosity in Carbonate Strata, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 63, p. 35-54.
31. MATTHEWS, R.K., 1968, Carbonate diagenesis: Equilibration of sedimentary mineralogy to the subaerial environment; Coral Cape of Barbados, West Indies: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 38, p. 1110-1119.
32. MATTHEWS, R.K., AND FROHLICH, C., 1987, Forward modeling of bank-margin carbonate diagenesis: Geology, v. 15, p. 673-676.
33. MAY, J.A., AND EYLES, D.R., 1985, Well log and seismic character of Tertiary Terumbu carbonate, South China Sea, Indonesia: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 69, p. 1339-1358.
34. MCCLAIN, M.E., SWART, P.K., AND VACHER, H.L., 1992, The hydrogeochemistry of early meteoric diagenesis in a Holocene deposit of biogenic carbonates: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 62, p. 1008-1022.
35. MCNEILL, D.F., 2005, Accumulation rates from well-dated late Neogene carbonate platforms and margins: Sedimentary Geology, v. 75, p. 73-87.
36. MCNEILL, D.F., EBERLI, G.P., LIDZ, B.H., SWART, P.K., AND KENTER, J.A.M., 2001, Chronostratigraphy of a prograded carbonate platform margin: a record of dynamic slope sedimentation, western Great Bahama Bank, in Ginsburg, R.N., ed., Subsurface Geology of a Prograding Carbonate Platform Margin, Great Bahama Bank: Results of the Bahamas Drilling Project: SEPM, Special Publication 70, p. 241-265.
37. MELIM, L.A., 1996, Limitations on lowstand meteoric diagenesis in the Pliocene-Pleistocene of Florida and Great Bahama Bank: Geology, v. 24, p. 893-896.
38. MELIM, L.A., SWART, P.K., AND MALIVA, R.G., 2001, Meteoric and marine burial diagenesis, in Ginsburg, R.N., ed., Subsurface Geology of a Prograding Carbonate Margin, Great Bahama Bank: Results of the Bahamas Drilling Project: SEPM, Special Publication 70, p. 137-162.
39. MILLER, K.G., MOUNTAIN, G.S., BROWNING, J.V., KOMINZ, M., SUGARMAN, P., CHRISTIE-BLICK, N., KATZ, E.M., AND WRIGHT, J.D., 1998, Cenozoic global sea level, sequences, and the New Jersey transect: results from coastal plain and continental slope drilling: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 36, p. 569-601.
40. MOORE, C.H., 2001. Carbonate Reservoirs: Porosity Evolution and Diagenesis in a Sequence Stratigraphic Framework: Amsterdam, Elsevier, Developments in Sedimentology 55, 444 p.
41. MORSE, J.W., AND MACKENZIE, F.T., 1990. Geochemistry of Sedimentary Carbonates: Amsterdam, Elsevier, Developments in Sedimentology 48, 707 p.
42. MYERS, K.J., AND MILTON, N.J., 1996, Concepts and principles in sequence stratigraphy, in Emery, D., and Myers, K.J., eds., Sequence Stratigraphy: London, Blackwell Science, p. 11-44.
43. NEUMANN, A.C., AND MACINTYRE, I., 1985, Reef response to sea-level rise: keep-up, catch-up or give-up: 5th International Coral Reef Congress, Tahiti, Proceedings, v. 3, p. 105-110.
44. OERLEMANS, J., 1991, The role of ice sheets in the Pleistocene climate: Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, v. 71, p. 155-161.
45. +: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 76, p. 1162-1182.
46. PAULAY, G., AND MCEDWARD, L.R., 1990, A simulation model of island reef morphology: the effects of sea-level fluctuations, growth, subsidence and erosion: Coral Reefs, v. 9, p. 51-62.
47. 18O and Exxon eustatic records: Geology, v. 24, p. 567-570.
48. PLUMMER, L.N., VACHER, H.L., MACKENZIE, F.T., BRICKER, O.P., AND LAND, L.S., 1976, Hydrogeochemistry of Bermuda: a case history of ground-water diagenesis of biocalcarenites: Geological Society of America, Bulletin, v. 87, p. 1301-1316.
49. QUINN, T.M., 1991, Meteoric diagenesis of Plio-Pleistocene limestones at Enewetak Atoll: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 61, p. 681-703.
50. READ, J.F., 1995, Overview of carbonate platform sequences, cycle stratigraphy and reservoirs in greenhouse and icehouse worlds, in Read, J.F., Kerans, C., Weber, L.J., Sarg, J.F., and Wright, F.W., eds., Milankovitch Sea Level Changes, Cycles and Reservoirs on Carbonate Platforms in Greenhouse and Icehouse Worlds: SEPM, Short Course Notes 35, p. 1-102.
51. REECKMANN, S.A., AND GILL, E.D., 1981, Rates of vadose diagenesis in Quaternary dune and shallow marine calcarenites. Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia: Sedimentary Geology, v. 30, p. 157-172.
52. RUDOLPH, K.W., AND LEHMANN, P.J., 1989, Platform evolution and sequence stratigraphy of the Natuna Platform, South China Sea, in Crevello, P.D., Wilson, J.L., Sarg, J.F., and Read, J.F., eds., Controls on Carbonate Platform and Basin Development: SEPM, Special Publication 44, p. 353-361.
53. SALLER, A.H., AND MOORE, C.H., 1991, Geochemistry of meteoric calcite cement in some Pleistocene limestones: Sedimentology, v. 38, p. 601-621.
54. SALLER, A.H., BUDD, D.S., AND HARRIS, P.M., 1994a, Unconformities and porosity development in carbonate strata: Ideas from the Hedberg conference: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin, v. 78, p. 857-872.
55. SALLER, A.H., DICKSON, J.A.D., AND BOYD, S.A., 1994b, Cycle stratigraphy and porosity in Pennsylvanian and Lower Permian shelf limestones, eastern Central Basin Platform, Texas: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin, v. 78, p. 1820-1842.
56. SALLER, A.H., DICKSON, J.A.D., AND MATSUDA, F., 1999, Evolution and distribution of porosity associated with subaerial exposure in upper Paleozoic platform limestones, West Texas: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin, v. 83, p. 1835-1854.
57. SANDBERG, P.A., 1983, An oscillating trend in Phanerozoic non-skeletal carbonate mineralogy: Nature, v. 305, p. 19-22.
58. SANFORD, W.E., AND KONIKOW, L.F., 1989, Simulation of calcite dissolution and porosity changes in saltwater mixing zones in coastal aquifers: Water Resources Research, v. 25, p. 655-667.
59. SCHROEDER, H.J., 1986, Diagenetic diversity in Paleocene coral knobs from the Bir Abu El-Husein area, S. Egypt, in Schroeder, H.J., and Purser, B.H., eds., Reef Diagenesis: Berlin, Springer-Verlag, p. 132-159.
60. SMITH, D.I., AND ATKINSON, T.C., 1976, Process, landforms and climate in limestone regions, in Derbyshire, E., ed., Geomorphology and Climate: John Wiley: New York, p. 367-409.
61. SPENCER, T., 1985, Weathering rates on a Caribbean reef limestone: results and implications: Marine Geology, v. 69, p. 95-201.
62. STANLEY, S.M., AND HARDIE, L.A., 1998, Secular oscillations in carbonate mineralogy of reef-building and sediment-producing organisms driven by tectonically forced shifts in seawater chemistry: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 144, p. 3-19.
63. STEINEN, R.P., AND MATTHEWS, R.K., 1973, Phreatic vs. vadose diagenesis: stratigraphy and mineralogy of a cored borehole on Barbados, W.I.: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 43, p. 1012-1020.
64. STONE, J., ALLAN, G.L., FIFIELD, L.K., EVANS, J.M., AND CHIVAS, A.R. , 1994, Limestone erosion measurements with cosmogenic chlorine-36 in calcite - preliminary results from Australia: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, v. 92, p. 311-316.
65. TINKER, S.W., EHRETS, J.R., AND BRONDOS, M.D., 1995, Multiple karst events related to stratigraphic cyclicity: San Andres Formation, Yates field, West Texas, in Budd, D.A., Saller, A., and Harris, P.M., eds., Unconformities and Porosity in Carbonate Strata, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 63, p. 213-237.
66. TUCKER, M.E., 1993, Carbonate diagenesis and sequence stratigraphy: Sedimentology Review, v. 1, p. 51-72.
67. VACHER, H.L., 1988, Dupuit-Ghyben-Herzberg analysis of strip-islands lenses: Geological Society of America, Bulletin, v. 100, p. 580-591.
68. VACHER, H.L., and QUINN, T.M., eds., Geology and Hydrogeology of Carbonate Islands: Amsterdam, Elsevier, 948 p.
69. VACHER, H.L., BENGTSSON, T.O., AND PLUMMER, L.N., 1990, Hydrology of meteoric diagenesis: residence time of meteoric ground water in island fresh-water lenses with application to aragonite-calcite stabilization rate in Bermuda: Geological Society of America, Bulletin, v. 102, p. 223-232.
70. VOLLBRECHT, R., AND MEISCHNER, D., 1996, Diagenesis in coastal carbonates related to Pleistocene sea level, Bermuda Platform: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 66, p. 243-258.
71. WILSON, M.E.J., 2002, Cenozoic carbonates in Southeast Asia: implications for equatorial carbonate development: Sedimentary Geology, v. 147, p. 295-428.
72. WHITAKER, F.F., AND SMART, P.L., 2007a, Geochemistry of meteoric diagenesis in carbonate islands of the northern Bahamas: 1. Processes: Hydrological Processes, v. 21, p. 949-966.
73. WHITAKER, F.F., AND SMART, P.L., 2007b, Geochemistry of meteoric diagenesis in carbonate islands of the northern Bahamas: 2. Geochemical Modelling and Budgeting of Diagenesis: Hydrological Processes, v. 21, p. 967-982.
74. WHITAKER, F.F., AND SMART, P.L., 1997a, Climatic control of hydraulic conductivity of Bahamian limestones: Groundwater, v. 35, p. 859-868.
75. WHITAKER, F.F., AND SMART, P.L., 1997b. Geochemistry of meteoric waters and porosity generation in carbonate islands of the Bahamas: Geofluids II, 2nd International Conference on Fluid Evolution, Migration and Interaction in Sedimentary Basins and Orogenic Belts, University of Belfast, p. 415-418.
76. WHITAKER, F.F., AND SMART, P.L., 1997c, Hydrogeology of the Bahamian Archipelago, in Vacher, H.L., and Quinn, T.M., eds., Geology and Hydrogeology of Carbonate Islands: Amsterdam, Elsevier, p. 183-216.
77. WHITAKER, F.F., SMART, P.L., HAGUE, H., WALTHAM, D., AND BOSENCE, D. , 1997, Coupled two-dimensional diagenetic and sedimentological modeling of carbonate platform evolution: Geology, v. 25, p. 175-178.
78. WHITAKER, F.F., SMART, P.L., HAGUE, H., WALTHAM, D., AND BOSENCE, D. , 1999, Structure and function of a coupled two-dimensional diagenetic and sedimentological model of carbonate platform evolution, in Harbaugh, J.H., Watney, W.L., Rankey, E.C., Slingerland, R., Goldstein, R.H., and Franseen, E.K., eds., Numerical Experiments in Stratigraphy, SEPM: Special Publication 62, p. 339-356.
79. WHITAKER, F.F., PATERSON, R.J., AND JOHNSON, V.E., 2006, Meteoric diagenesis during sea-level lowstands: evidence from modern hydrochemical studies on northern Guam: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 89, p. 420-423.
80. WRIGHT, V.P., 1994, Paleosols in shallow marine sequences: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 37, p. 367-395.
81. WRIGHT, V.P., AND VANSTONE, S.D., 2001, Onset of late Palaeozoic glacio-eustasy and the evolving climates of low latitude areas: a synthesis of current understanding: Geological Society of London, Journal, v. 158, p. 579-582.
82. WHITE, W.B., 1984, Rate processes, chemical kinetics and karst landform development, in La Fleur, R.G., ed., Groundwater as a Geomorphic Agent: Oxford, U.K., Oxford University Press, p. 227-248.
83. XIAO, Y., AND JONES, G.D., 2006, Reactive Transport Modeling of Carbonate and Siliciclastic Diagenesis and Reservoir Quality Prediction (abstract): Society of Petroleum Engineers, 101669.
84. YANG, W., 2001, Estimation of duration of subaerial exposure in shallow-marine limestone - an isotopic approach: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 70, p. 778-789.
85. ZACHOS, J.C., PAGANI, M., SLOAN, L., THOMAS, E., AND BILLUPS, K. , 2001, Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present: Science, v. 292, p. 686-693.