Geographic analysis of health risks of pediatric lead exposure: A golden opportunity to promote healthy neighborhoods

Archives of Environmental and Occupational Health

Volumn 62, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 93-104

  Oyana, Tonny J ^a   Margai, Florence M ^b  

^a SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b BINGHAMTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Blood lead levels; Child lead poisoning; Environmental exposure; Geographic information system; Geostatistical analysis; Spatial clusters; Urban health

Indexed keywords

LEAD;

ARTICLE; DYNAMICS; FEMALE; GEOGRAPHY; GEOSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS; HEALTH HAZARD; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMAN; LEAD BLOOD LEVEL; LEAD POISONING; LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PEDIATRICS; POPULATION DISTRIBUTION; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROBABILITY; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK FACTOR; UNITED STATES; BLOOD; CHILD; CHILD WELFARE; DEMOGRAPHY; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM; HEALTH; INFANT; RISK ASSESSMENT;

CHICAGO; CHILD; CHILD WELFARE; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DEMOGRAPHY; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH; FEMALE; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMANS; ILLINOIS; INFANT; LEAD; LEAD POISONING; MALE; PREVALENCE; RESIDENCE CHARACTERISTICS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; URBAN HEALTH;

EID: 41649115921     PISSN: 19338244     EISSN: 21544700     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3200/AEOH.62.2.93-104     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Lanphear, BP. Childhood lead poisoning prevention:too little, too late. J Am Med Assoc. 2005;293:2274-2276.
2. Landrigan PJ, Schechter CB, Lipton JM, Fahs MC, Schwartz J. Environmental pollutants and disease in American children:estimates of morbidity, mortality, and costs for lead poisoning, asthma, cancer, and developmental disabilities. Environ Health Perspect. 2002;110:721-728.
3. Margai F, Henry N. Community-based assessment of learning disabilities using environmental and contextual risk factors. Social Sci Med. 2003;56:1073A-1085A.
4. Needleman HL, Gatsonis CA. Low level lead exposure and the IQ of children:a meta-analysis of modern studies. J Am Med Assoc. 1990;263:673-678.
5. Needleman HL, Schell A, Bellinger D, Leviton A, Allred EN. The long-term effects of exposure to low doses of lead in childhood:an 11-year follow-up report. N Engl J Med. 1990;322:83-88.
6. Lin-Fu J. Modern history of lead poisoning:a century of discovery and rediscovery. In:Needleman HL, ed. Human Lead Exposure. Boca Raton, FL:CRC Press; 1992:23-43.
7. Wasserman GA, Staghezza-Jaramillo B, Shrout P, Popovac D, Graziano J. The effect of lead exposure on behavior problems in preschool children. Am J Pub Health. 1998;88:481-486.
8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children:A Statement by the Centers for Disease Control. Atlanta, GA:US Dept of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, CDC; 1991.
9. Bellinger DC, Stiles KM, Needleman HL. Low-level lead exposure, intelligence, and academic achievement:a long-term follow-up study. Pediatrics. 1992;90:855-861.
10. Lanphear BP, Dietrich K, Auinger P, Cox C. Cognitive deficits associated with blood lead concentrations <10μg/dl in US children and adolescents. Pub Health Rep. 2000;115:521-529.
11. Schwartz J, Levin R. The risk of lead toxicity in homes with lead paint hazard. Environ Res. 1991;54:1-7.
12. Schwartz J. Low level health effects of lead:growth, developmental and neurological disturbances. In:H. L. Needleman, ed. Human Lead Exposure. Boca Raton, FL:CRC Press; 1992.
13. Schwartz J. Low-level lead exposure and children's IQ:a meta-analysis and search for a threshold. Environ Res. 1994;65:42-55.
14. Thacker SB, Hoffman A, Smith J, Steinberg K, Zack M. Effect of low-level body burdens of lead on the mental development of children:limitations of meta-analysis in a review of longitudinal data. Arch Environ Health. 1992;47:336-346.
15. Sciarillo WG, Alexander G, Farrell KP. Lead exposure and child behavior. Am J Pub Health. 1992;82:1356-1360.
16. National Academy of Sciences. Chapter 3:Lead exposure of sensitive populations. In:Measuring Lead Exposure in Infants, Children and Other Sensitive Populations. Washington, DC:National Academy of Sciences; 1993:99-142.
17. Tong SL, Baghurst P, Sawyer M, Burns JM, McMichael AJ. Declining blood lead levels and changes in cognitive function during childhood:the Port Pirie cohort study. JAMA. 1998;280:1915-1919.
18. Canfield RL, Henderson CR, Cory-Slechta DA, Cox C, Jusko TA, Lanphear BP. Intellectual impairment in children with blood lead concentrations below 10 μg per deciliter. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:1517-1526.
19. Mushak P, Davis JM, Crochet AF, Grant LD. Prenatal and postnatal effects of low-level lead exposure:integrated summary of a report to the U.S. congress on childhood lead poisoning. Environ Res. 1989;50:11-36.
20. Lidsky TI, Schneider JS. Adverse effects of childhood lead poisoning:the clinical neuropsychological perspective. Environ Res. 2006;100:284-293.
21. US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Air Quality Criteria for Lead:Supplement To The 1986 Addendum. Washington, DC:USEPA, Office of Research and Development; 1990.
22. Warren C. Brush With Death. A Social History of Lead Poisoning. Baltimore, MD:Johns Hopkins University Press; 2000.
23. Harvey B. Commentary:Should blood lead screening recommendations be revised? Pediatrics. 1994;93:201-204.
24. Landrigan PJ. Pediatric lead poisoning:is there a threshold? Pub Health Rep. 2000;115:530-531.
25. Bernard SM, McGeehin MA. Prevalence of blood lead levels > 5 μg/dL among U.S. children 1 to 5 years of age and socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with blood of lead levels 5 to 10 μg/dL. Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Pediatrics. 2003;112:1308-1313.
26. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update:blood lead levels—United States, 1991-1994. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1997;46:141-146.
27. Jacobs DE, Clickner RP, Zhou JY. The prevalence of lead-based paint hazards in US housing. Environ Health Perspect. 2002;110:599-606.
28. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update:blood lead levels—United States, 1999-2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005;54:513-516.
29. American Public Health Association. Available at http://www.apha.org/
30. Bernard SM. Should the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's childhood lead poisoning intervention level be lowered? Am J Pub Health. 2003;93:1253-1260.
31. Brown MJ, Shenassa E, Matte TD, Caitlin SN. Children in Illinois with elevated blood lead levels, 1993-1998, and lead-related pediatric hospital admissions in Illinois, 1993-1997. Pub Health Rep. 2000;115:532-536.
32. Chicago Department of Public Health. Lead Poison Testing and Prevention Program. Available at http://www.cityofchicago.org/
33. US Census Bureau. 2000. Available at http://www.census.gov
34. City of Chicago, IL. GIS data portal:baseline data, City of Chicago. Available at http://www.cityofchicago.org/gis
35. Goovaerts P, Warner A, Crabtree B, Marcus A, Jacquez G. Detection of local anomalies in high resolution hyperspectral imagery using geostatistical filtering and local spatial statistics. In:Proceedings of the IEEESP Workshop on Advances in Techniques for Analysis of Remotely Sensed Data; October 27-28, 2003; Greenbelt, MD.
36. Goovaerts P, Jacquez GM. Accounting for regional background and population size in the detection of spatial clusters and outliers using geostatistical filtering and spatial neutral models:the case of lung cancer in Long Island, New York. Int J Health Geogr. 2004;3:14.
37. Oyana TJ. Statistical comparisons of positional accuracies of geocoded databases for use in medical research. In:Egenhofer M, Freksa C, and Miller H, eds. Proceedings of the Third International Geographic Information Science, GIScience 2004; October 20-23, 2004. Santa Barbara, CA:Regents of the University of California; 2004:309-313.
38. Guo D, Guo R, Thiart C, Oyana TJ, Dai D, Hession SL. GM(1, 1)-kriging prediction of soil dioxin pattern. In:Proceedings of the GIS Research UK (GISRUK) 14th Annual Conference, 2006; April 5-7, 2006; Nottingham, England.
39. Anselin L. Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA). Geogr Anal. 1995;27:93-115.
40. Margai FM, Walter SG, Frazier JW, Brink R. Exploring the potential environmental sources and associations of childhood lead poisoning. App Geogr Stud 1997;1:255-270.
41. Lejano RP, Ericson JE. Tragedy of the temporal commons:soil bound lead and the anachronicity of risk. J Environ Plan Manage. 2005;48:301-320.
42. Cohen L. Waste dumps toxic traps for minorities. The Chicago Reporter. April 1992:1, 6-9, 11.
43. US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Health Consultation, Altgeld Gardens Soil Sampling Chicago, Cook County, Illinois. EPA Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry Technical Report; October 22, 1998.
44. Pellow DN. Garbage Wars:the Struggle for Environmental Justice in Chicago. Cambridge, MA:MIT Press; 2002.
45. Binns HJ, Gray KA, Chen T, et al. Evaluation of landscape coverings to reduce soil lead hazards in urban residential yards:the Safer Yards Project. Environ Res. 2004;96:127-138.
46. Lanphear BP, Matte TD, Rogers J, et al. The contribution of lead-contaminated house dust and residential soil to children's blood lead levels. A pooled analysis of 12 epidemiologic studies. Environ Res. 1998;79:51-68.
47. Shinn NJ, Bing-Canar J, Cailas M, Peneff N, Binns HJ. Determination of spatial continuity of soil lead levels in an urban environments and its role in maintaining elevated blood lead levels in an urban neighborhood. Environ Res. 2000;82:46-52.
48. Binns HJ, Kim D, Campbell C. Targeted screening for elevated blood lead levels:populations at high risk. Pediatrics. 2001;108:1364-1366.