메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 218-224

Bacterial pathogens in ambulances: Results of unannounced sample collection

Author keywords

Contamination; EMS; Infections; Nosocomial; Pathogen

Indexed keywords

ALPHA HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS; AMBULANCE; ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; ARTICLE; BACILLUS; BACTERIUM CULTURE; CLEANING; DISINFECTION; HAND WASHING; HOSPITAL INFECTION; INFECTION CONTROL; KLEBSIELLA; PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS; PSEUDOMONAS PUTIDA; RESCUE PERSONNEL; STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS; STENOTROPHOMONAS MALTOPHILIA;

EID: 41649106449     PISSN: 10903127     EISSN: 15450066     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10903120801906721     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (27)

References (51)
  • 1
    • 0033554510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infection control: Public health, clinical effectiveness and education
    • Gallagher R. Infection control: public health, clinical effectiveness and education. Br J Nursing 1999;8(18):1212-1214.
    • (1999) Br J Nursing , vol.8 , Issue.18 , pp. 1212-1214
    • Gallagher, R.1
  • 2
    • 0035430882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current challenges on hospital hygiene
    • English Abstract
    • Dettenkofer, M. Current challenges on hospital hygiene. Gesundheitswesen 2001;63(Suppl. 2):S139-S141 [English Abstract].
    • (2001) Gesundheitswesen , vol.63 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Dettenkofer, M.1
  • 3
    • 0034728148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does infection control control infections?
    • Wenzel RP. Does infection control control infections? J Suisse Med. 2000;130(4):119-121.
    • (2000) J Suisse Med , vol.130 , Issue.4 , pp. 119-121
    • Wenzel, R.P.1
  • 5
    • 0033535949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vancomycin-resistant enterococci in intensive-care hospital settings: Transmission dynamics, persistence, and the Impact of infection control programs
    • Austin DJ. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci in intensive-care hospital settings: transmission dynamics, persistence, and the Impact of infection control programs. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA.1999;96(12):6908-6913.
    • (1999) Proc Nat Acad Sci USA , vol.96 , Issue.12 , pp. 6908-6913
    • Austin, D.J.1
  • 6
    • 0009707069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herwaldt LA, Decker MD, Eds, Thorofare, NJ: The Society For Healthcare Epidemiology of America and SLACK, Inc
    • Herwaldt LA, Decker MD, Eds. A Practical Handbook for Hospital Epidemiologists. Thorofare, NJ: The Society For Healthcare Epidemiology of America and SLACK, Inc., 1998.
    • (1998) A Practical Handbook for Hospital Epidemiologists
  • 7
    • 0011723120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mayhall GC, Ed, second edition. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
    • Mayhall GC, Ed. Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control, second edition. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
    • (1999) Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control
  • 10
    • 0014765904 scopus 로고
    • A microbiological study of hospital cloth surgical packs prior to sterilization
    • Lloyd RS, Vogel DG, Kereluk K. A microbiological study of hospital cloth surgical packs prior to sterilization. Health Lab Sci. 1970;7(2):69-75.
    • (1970) Health Lab Sci , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 69-75
    • Lloyd, R.S.1    Vogel, D.G.2    Kereluk, K.3
  • 12
    • 0034877779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Descriptive study of nosocomial infections in a short-term inpatient behavioral health setting
    • Shandera TJ. Descriptive study of nosocomial infections in a short-term inpatient behavioral health setting. Am J Infect Contr. 2001;29(4):275-280.
    • (2001) Am J Infect Contr , vol.29 , Issue.4 , pp. 275-280
    • Shandera, T.J.1
  • 13
  • 14
    • 0033288050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical students and infection control: Risks and precautions
    • Tucker A. Medical students and infection control: risks and precautions. Tokai J Exp Clin Med. 1999;24(4-6):169-175.
    • (1999) Tokai J Exp Clin Med , vol.24 , Issue.4-6 , pp. 169-175
    • Tucker, A.1
  • 15
    • 0014545597 scopus 로고
    • Studies of airborne bacteria in a partially carpeted hospital
    • Walter WG, Staber AH, Smith EP. Studies of airborne bacteria in a partially carpeted hospital. Health Lab Sci. 1969;6(2):140-147.
    • (1969) Health Lab Sci , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 140-147
    • Walter, W.G.1    Staber, A.H.2    Smith, E.P.3
  • 16
    • 9244225610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colonization of personal digital assistants carried by healthcare professionals [letter]
    • Hassoun A, Vellozzi EM, Smith MA. Colonization of personal digital assistants carried by healthcare professionals [letter]. Infect Contr Hosp Epidemiol. 2004;25(11):1000-1001.
    • (2004) Infect Contr Hosp Epidemiol , vol.25 , Issue.11 , pp. 1000-1001
    • Hassoun, A.1    Vellozzi, E.M.2    Smith, M.A.3
  • 18
    • 0036678595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective study to determine whether cover gowns in addition to gloves decrease nosocomial transmission of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in an intensive care unit
    • Srinivasan A, Song X, Ross T, Merz W, Brower R, Perl TM. A prospective study to determine whether cover gowns in addition to gloves decrease nosocomial transmission of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in an intensive care unit. Infect Contr Hosp Epidemiol. 2002;23(8):424-428.
    • (2002) Infect Contr Hosp Epidemiol , vol.23 , Issue.8 , pp. 424-428
    • Srinivasan, A.1    Song, X.2    Ross, T.3    Merz, W.4    Brower, R.5    Perl, T.M.6
  • 19
    • 0035156428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unsuspected gonorrhea and chlamydia in patients of an urban adult emergency department: A critical population in STD control intervention
    • Mehta SD, Rothman RE, Kelen GD, Quinn TC, Zenilman JM. Unsuspected gonorrhea and chlamydia in patients of an urban adult emergency department: a critical population in STD control intervention. Sexually Transmitted Dis. 2001;28(1):33-39.
    • (2001) Sexually Transmitted Dis , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-39
    • Mehta, S.D.1    Rothman, R.E.2    Kelen, G.D.3    Quinn, T.C.4    Zenilman, J.M.5
  • 20
    • 0038088838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occupational Health and Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Labor website:, Accessed October 20, 2005
    • Occupational Health and Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Labor website: http://www.osha.gov/index.html. Document#3130: Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens: Precautions for Emergency Responders. Accessed October 20, 2005.
    • Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens: Precautions for Emergency Responders
  • 21
    • 84885242330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occupational Health and Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Labor website:, Accessed October 20, 2005
    • Occupational Health and Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Labor website: http://www.osha.gov/index.html. Document#3151: Personal Protective Equipment. Accessed October 20, 2005.
    • Personal Protective Equipment
  • 22
    • 41649090923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • University of Cincinnati Clermont College Department of Biology and Chemistry website, accessed July 20, 2004, at
    • Fankhauser, DB. Spreading Technique for Plating Bacteria. University of Cincinnati Clermont College Department of Biology and Chemistry website, accessed July 20, 2004, at: http://biology.clc.uc.edu/fankhauser/labs/ microbiology/yeast_plate_count/spreading_technique.html.
    • Spreading Technique for Plating Bacteria
    • Fankhauser, D.B.1
  • 24
    • 0037829005 scopus 로고
    • Application of a surface-sampling technic to the evaluation of bacteriological effectiveness of certain hospital housekeeping procedures
    • Vesley D, Michaelsen GS. Application of a surface-sampling technic to the evaluation of bacteriological effectiveness of certain hospital housekeeping procedures. Health Lab Sci. 1964;1(2):107-113.
    • (1964) Health Lab Sci , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 107-113
    • Vesley, D.1    Michaelsen, G.S.2
  • 25
    • 0035038210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of MRSA transmission in an emergency medical center by sequence analysis of the 3′-end region of the coagulase gene
    • Kanemitsu K, Yamamoto H, Takemura H, Kaku M, Shimada J. Characterization of MRSA transmission in an emergency medical center by sequence analysis of the 3′-end region of the coagulase gene. J Infect Chemother. 2001;7(1):22-27.
    • (2001) J Infect Chemother , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 22-27
    • Kanemitsu, K.1    Yamamoto, H.2    Takemura, H.3    Kaku, M.4    Shimada, J.5
  • 27
    • 41649115551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mercy Hospital Antibiogram, January 1, 2002 to January 1
    • Mercy Hospital Antibiogram. Report of Antibiotic Susceptibilities: January 1, 2002 to January 1, 2003.
    • (2003) Report of Antibiotic Susceptibilities
  • 28
    • 41649113888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mercy Hospital Antibiogram, January 1, 2003 to January 1
    • Mercy Hospital Antibiogram. Report of Antibiotic Susceptibilities: January 1, 2003 to January 1, 2004.
    • (2004) Report of Antibiotic Susceptibilities
  • 29
    • 41649091339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mercy Hospital Antibiogram, January 1, 2004 to January 1
    • Mercy Hospital Antibiogram. Report of Antibiotic Susceptibilities: January 1, 2004 to January 1, 2005.
    • (2005) Report of Antibiotic Susceptibilities
  • 30
    • 41649112681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistant bacteria remain health threat
    • May 19
    • Landers SJ. Resistant bacteria remain health threat. Am Med News May 19, 2003:31.
    • (2003) Am Med News , pp. 31
    • Landers, S.J.1
  • 31
    • 0016241080 scopus 로고
    • The hospital laboratory; its responsibility as a working member of the infection control committee
    • Bartlett, RC. The hospital laboratory; its responsibility as a working member of the infection control committee. Health Lab Sci. 1974;11(2):80-84.
    • (1974) Health Lab Sci , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 80-84
    • Bartlett, R.C.1
  • 32
    • 0036216752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Starting to learn about the costs of nosocomial infections in the new millennium: Where do we go from here?
    • Fraser VJ. Starting to learn about the costs of nosocomial infections in the new millennium: where do we go from here? Infect Contr Hosp Epidemiol. 2002;23(4):174-176.
    • (2002) Infect Contr Hosp Epidemiol , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 174-176
    • Fraser, V.J.1
  • 33
    • 0037453976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic resistance among gram-negative Bacilli in US intensive care units: Implications for fluoroquinolone use
    • Neuhauser MM, Weinstein RA, Rydman R, Dznziger LH, Karam G, Quinn JP. Antibiotic resistance among gram-negative Bacilli in US intensive care units: implications for fluoroquinolone use. JAMA. 2003;289(7):885-888.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.289 , Issue.7 , pp. 885-888
    • Neuhauser, M.M.1    Weinstein, R.A.2    Rydman, R.3    Dznziger, L.H.4    Karam, G.5    Quinn, J.P.6
  • 34
    • 0020808697 scopus 로고
    • Infection control. EMS reacts - and overreacts - to the AIDS panic
    • Smith B. Infection control. EMS reacts - and overreacts - to the AIDS panic. JEMS. 1983;8(8):24-29.
    • (1983) JEMS , vol.8 , Issue.8 , pp. 24-29
    • Smith, B.1
  • 35
    • 5444258159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging infectious diseases: A clear and present danger to humanity
    • Fauci, AS. Emerging infectious diseases: a clear and present danger to humanity. JAMA. 2004;292(15):1887-1888.
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.292 , Issue.15 , pp. 1887-1888
    • Fauci, A.S.1
  • 36
    • 0141830783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A preliminary investigation into bacterial contamination of Welsh emergency ambulances
    • Nigam Y, Cutter J. A preliminary investigation into bacterial contamination of Welsh emergency ambulances. Emerg Med J. 2003:20:479-482
    • (2003) Emerg Med J , vol.20 , pp. 479-482
    • Nigam, Y.1    Cutter, J.2
  • 39
    • 41649105999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Education of healthcare workers in the prevention of nosocomial infections
    • second edition. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
    • Hoffmann KK, Clontz EP. Education of healthcare workers in the prevention of nosocomial infections. In: Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control, second edition. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1999:1373-1380.
    • (1999) Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control , pp. 1373-1380
    • Hoffmann, K.K.1    Clontz, E.P.2
  • 41
    • 0029943318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is handwashing teachable?: Failure to improve handwashing behavior in an urban emergency department
    • Dorsey ST, Cydulka RK, Emerman CL. Is handwashing teachable?: failure to improve handwashing behavior in an urban emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 1996;3(4):360-365.
    • (1996) Acad Emerg Med , vol.3 , Issue.4 , pp. 360-365
    • Dorsey, S.T.1    Cydulka, R.K.2    Emerman, C.L.3
  • 43
    • 0036314263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flowers LK. Bioterrorism Preparedness, II: The Community and emergency medical services systems. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2002;20(2):457-476.
    • Flowers LK. Bioterrorism Preparedness, II: The Community and emergency medical services systems. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2002;20(2):457-476.
  • 47
    • 0032883644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compliance with universal precautions among emergency department personnel: Implications for prevention programs
    • Kim LE, Evanoff BA, Parks RL, Jeffe DB, Mutha S, Haase C, Fraser VJ. Compliance with universal precautions among emergency department personnel: implications for prevention programs. Am J Infect Contr. 1999;27(5):453-455.
    • (1999) Am J Infect Contr , vol.27 , Issue.5 , pp. 453-455
    • Kim, L.E.1    Evanoff, B.A.2    Parks, R.L.3    Jeffe, D.B.4    Mutha, S.5    Haase, C.6    Fraser, V.J.7
  • 48
    • 0035864508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adult patients with occult bacteremia discharged from the emergency department: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics
    • Epstein D, Raveh D, Schlesinger V, Rudensky B, Gottehner NP, Yinnon AM. Adult patients with occult bacteremia discharged from the emergency department: epidemiological and clinical characteristics. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32(4):559-565.
    • (2001) Clin Infect Dis , vol.32 , Issue.4 , pp. 559-565
    • Epstein, D.1    Raveh, D.2    Schlesinger, V.3    Rudensky, B.4    Gottehner, N.P.5    Yinnon, A.M.6
  • 49
    • 0036128587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How many nosocomial infections are associated with cross-contamination? a prospective cohort study in a surgical intensive care unit
    • Weist K, Pollege K, Schulz I, Ruden H, Gastmeier P. How many nosocomial infections are associated with cross-contamination? a prospective cohort study in a surgical intensive care unit. Infect Contr Hosp Epidemiol. 2003;23(3):127-132.
    • (2003) Infect Contr Hosp Epidemiol , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 127-132
    • Weist, K.1    Pollege, K.2    Schulz, I.3    Ruden, H.4    Gastmeier, P.5
  • 51
    • 41649101546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Senior licensed clinical medical technologist. Personal communication, October 31
    • Alves, LW. Senior licensed clinical medical technologist. Personal communication, October 31, 2004.
    • (2004)
    • Alves, L.W.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.