메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 363, Issue 1498, 2008, Pages 1737-1746

Interactions among Amazon land use, forests and climate: Prospects for a near-term forest tipping point

Author keywords

Biofuel; Deforestation; Feedbacks; Fire; Global warming; Globalization

Indexed keywords

BIOFUEL; CLEARCUTTING; DEFORESTATION; DIEBACK; DROUGHT; ENERGY MARKET; EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; FEEDBACK MECHANISM; FOREST ECOSYSTEM; FOREST FIRE; GLOBAL WARMING; GLOBALIZATION; INCENTIVE; LAND USE; LOGGING (TIMBER); PROTECTED AREA; RAINFALL; RAINFOREST; REPLACEMENT; SAVANNA; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SMOKE; TWENTY FIRST CENTURY;

EID: 41649104268     PISSN: 09628452     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2007.0036     Document Type: Conference Paper
Times cited : (517)

References (89)
  • 1
    • 85020764082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alencar, A., Nepstad, D., McGrath, D., Moutinho, P., Pacheco, P., Diaz, M. del C. V. & Soares-Filho, B. 2004 Desmatamento na Amazônia: Indo Alem da Emergência Crônica (Deforestation in the Amazon: getting beyond the chronic emergency.). IPAM, Belém, Brazil, p. 85. See www.ipam.org.br.
    • Alencar, A., Nepstad, D., McGrath, D., Moutinho, P., Pacheco, P., Diaz, M. del C. V. & Soares-Filho, B. 2004 Desmatamento na Amazônia: Indo Alem da "Emergência Crônica" (Deforestation in the Amazon: getting beyond the "chronic emergency".). IPAM, Belém, Brazil, p. 85. See www.ipam.org.br.
  • 2
    • 77955976700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest understory fire in the Brazilian Amazon in ENSO and non-ENSO years: Area burned and committed carbon emissions
    • doi:10.1175/EI150.1
    • Alencar, A., Nepstad, D. & Vera Diaz, M. del C. 2006 Forest understory fire in the Brazilian Amazon in ENSO and non-ENSO years: area burned and committed carbon emissions. Earth Interact. 10, 1-17. (doi:10.1175/EI150.1)
    • (2006) Earth Interact , vol.10 , pp. 1-17
    • Alencar, A.1    Nepstad, D.2    Vera Diaz, M.D.C.3
  • 5
    • 77950457065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tierra y Libertad: The social function doctrine and land reform in Latin America
    • Ankersen, T. T. & Ruppert, T. R. 2006 Tierra y Libertad: the social function doctrine and land reform in Latin America. Tulane Environ. Law J. 69, 70-120.
    • (2006) Tulane Environ. Law J , vol.69 , pp. 70-120
    • Ankersen, T.T.1    Ruppert, T.R.2
  • 7
    • 0031405157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ranching in the Brazilian Amazon in a national context: Economics, policy, practice
    • Arima, E. & Uhl, C. 1997 Ranching in the Brazilian Amazon in a national context: economics, policy, practice. Soc. Nat. Res. 10, 433-451.
    • (1997) Soc. Nat. Res , vol.10 , pp. 433-451
    • Arima, E.1    Uhl, C.2
  • 9
    • 85020840515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • O novo capitalismo ambiental pode salvar a Amazonia?
    • 23 July
    • Arini, J. 2007 O novo capitalismo ambiental pode salvar a Amazonia? Epoca, 23 July 2007, pp. 74-79.
    • (2007) Epoca , vol.2007 , pp. 74-79
    • Arini, J.1
  • 11
    • 1642332501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological responses to El Niño-induced surface fires in Central Brazilian Amazonia: Management implications for flammable tropical forests
    • doi:10.1098/rstb.2003.1423
    • Barlow, J. & Peres, C. A. 2004 Ecological responses to El Niño-induced surface fires in Central Brazilian Amazonia: management implications for flammable tropical forests. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 359, 367-380. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2003.1423)
    • (2004) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B , vol.359 , pp. 367-380
    • Barlow, J.1    Peres, C.A.2
  • 13
    • 0037885009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of climate variability and disturbances on the Amazonian terrestrial ecosystems dynamics
    • doi:10.1029/2000GB001338
    • Botta, A. & Foley, J. A. 2002 Effects of climate variability and disturbances on the Amazonian terrestrial ecosystems dynamics. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 16, 1070. (doi:10.1029/2000GB001338)
    • (2002) Global Biogeochem. Cycles , vol.16 , pp. 1070
    • Botta, A.1    Foley, J.A.2
  • 14
    • 85020825345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire use and management by traditional households of the Brazilian Amazon
    • In press
    • Bowman, M., Amacher, G. & Merry, F. In press. Fire use and management by traditional households of the Brazilian Amazon. Ecol. Econ.
    • Ecol. Econ
    • Bowman, M.1    Amacher, G.2    Merry, F.3
  • 15
    • 41649107261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drought effects on litterfall, wood production, and belowground carbon cycling in an Amazon forest: Results of a throughfall reduction experiment
    • doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.0031
    • Brando, P. M., Nepstad, D. C., Davidson, E. A., Trumbore, S. E., Ray, D. & Camargo, P. 2008 Drought effects on litterfall, wood production, and belowground carbon cycling in an Amazon forest: results of a throughfall reduction experiment. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 363, 1839-1848. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.0031)
    • (2008) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B , vol.363 , pp. 1839-1848
    • Brando, P.M.1    Nepstad, D.C.2    Davidson, E.A.3    Trumbore, S.E.4    Ray, D.5    Camargo, P.6
  • 18
    • 34250005259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brown, I. F., Schroeder, W., Setzer, A., Maldonado, M. de L. R., Pantoja, N., Duarte, A. & Marengo, J. A. 2006 Monitoring fires in Southwestern Amazonia rain forests. Eos 87, 253-264. (doi:10.1029/2006EO260001)
    • Brown, I. F., Schroeder, W., Setzer, A., Maldonado, M. de L. R., Pantoja, N., Duarte, A. & Marengo, J. A. 2006 Monitoring fires in Southwestern Amazonia rain forests. Eos 87, 253-264. (doi:10.1029/2006EO260001)
  • 19
    • 33747045227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil moisture dynamics in an eastern Amazonian tropical forest
    • doi:10.1002/hyp.6211
    • Bruno, R. D., da Rocha, H. R., de Freitas, H. C., Goulden, M. L. & Miller, S. D. 2006 Soil moisture dynamics in an eastern Amazonian tropical forest. Hydrol. Process. 20, 2477-2489. (doi:10.1002/hyp.6211)
    • (2006) Hydrol. Process , vol.20 , pp. 2477-2489
    • Bruno, R.D.1    da Rocha, H.R.2    de Freitas, H.C.3    Goulden, M.L.4    Miller, S.D.5
  • 20
    • 33748946941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smallholders, the Amazon's new conservationists
    • doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00546.x
    • Campos, M. T. & Nepstad, D. C. 2006 Smallholders, the Amazon's new conservationists. Conserv. Biol. 20, 1553-1556. (doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00546.x)
    • (2006) Conserv. Biol , vol.20 , pp. 1553-1556
    • Campos, M.T.1    Nepstad, D.C.2
  • 21
    • 36749099520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contributions to accelerating atmospheric CO2 growth from economic activity, carbon intensity, and efficiency of natural sinks
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.0702737104
    • Canadell, J. G. et al. 2007 Contributions to accelerating atmospheric CO2 growth from economic activity, carbon intensity, and efficiency of natural sinks. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 18 866-18 870. (doi:10.1073/pnas.0702737104)
    • (2007) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.104
    • Canadell, J.G.1
  • 23
    • 41649103315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional comparative advantage, location of agriculture, and deforestation in Brazil
    • Cattaneo, A. 2008 Regional comparative advantage, location of agriculture, and deforestation in Brazil. J. Sustain. Forest 27, 21-28.
    • (2008) J. Sustain. Forest , vol.27 , pp. 21-28
    • Cattaneo, A.1
  • 25
    • 0032770708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire as a recurrent event in tropical forests of the eastern Amazon: Effects on forest structure, biomass, and species composition
    • Cochrane, M. A. & Schulze, M. D. 1999 Fire as a recurrent event in tropical forests of the eastern Amazon: effects on forest structure, biomass, and species composition. Biotropica 31, 2-16.
    • (1999) Biotropica , vol.31 , pp. 2-16
    • Cochrane, M.A.1    Schulze, M.D.2
  • 26
    • 0033546060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive feedbacks in the fire dynamic of closed canopy tropical forests
    • doi:10.1126/science.284.5421.1832
    • Cochrane, M. A., Alencar, A., Schulze, M. D., Souza Jr, C. M., Nepstad, D. C., Lefebvre, P. A. & Davidson, E. A. 1999 Positive feedbacks in the fire dynamic of closed canopy tropical forests. Science 284, 1832-1835. (doi:10.1126/science.284.5421.1832)
    • (1999) Science , vol.284 , pp. 1832-1835
    • Cochrane, M.A.1    Alencar, A.2    Schulze, M.D.3    Souza Jr, C.M.4    Nepstad, D.C.5    Lefebvre, P.A.6    Davidson, E.A.7
  • 27
    • 0034626765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acceleration of global warming due to carbon-cycle feedbacks in a coupled climate model
    • doi:10.1038/35041539
    • Cox, P. M., Betts, R. A., Jones, C. D., Spall, S. A. & Totterdell, I. J. 2000 Acceleration of global warming due to carbon-cycle feedbacks in a coupled climate model. Nature 408, 184. (doi:10.1038/35041539)
    • (2000) Nature , vol.408 , pp. 184
    • Cox, P.M.1    Betts, R.A.2    Jones, C.D.3    Spall, S.A.4    Totterdell, I.J.5
  • 28
    • 3042739150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amazonian forest dieback under climate-carbon cycle projections for the 21st century
    • doi:10.1007/s00704-004-0049-4
    • Cox, P. M., Betts, R. A., Collins, M., Harris, P. P., Huntingford, C. & Jones, C. D. 2004 Amazonian forest dieback under climate-carbon cycle projections for the 21st century. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 78, 137-156. (doi:10.1007/s00704-004-0049-4)
    • (2004) Theor. Appl. Climatol , vol.78 , pp. 137-156
    • Cox, P.M.1    Betts, R.A.2    Collins, M.3    Harris, P.P.4    Huntingford, C.5    Jones, C.D.6
  • 29
    • 85020835588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The future of Amazon Basin hydrometeorology
    • In press
    • Da Silva, R. R., Werth, D. & Avissar, R. In press. The future of Amazon Basin hydrometeorology. J. Clim.
    • J. Clim
    • Da Silva, R.R.1    Werth, D.2    Avissar, R.3
  • 30
    • 34548235492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The shuttle radar topography mission
    • RG2004, doi:10.1029/2005RG000183
    • Farr, T. G. et al. 2007 The shuttle radar topography mission. Rev. Geophys. 45, RG2004. (doi:10.1029/2005RG000183)
    • (2007) Rev. Geophys , vol.45
    • Farr, T.G.1
  • 31
    • 0035011539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soybean cultivation as a threat to the environment in Brazil
    • doi:10.1017/ S0376892901000030
    • Fearnside, P. M. 2001 Soybean cultivation as a threat to the environment in Brazil. Environ. Conserv. 28, 23-38. (doi:10.1017/ S0376892901000030)
    • (2001) Environ. Conserv , vol.28 , pp. 23-38
    • Fearnside, P.M.1
  • 32
    • 85020835462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein sources for the animal feed industry
    • Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations FAO, Bangkok, 29 April-3 May, Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
    • Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) 2004 Protein sources for the animal feed industry. In Proc. Expert Consultation and Workshop, Bangkok, 29 April-3 May, 2002. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
    • (2002) Proc. Expert Consultation and Workshop
  • 33
    • 0038583478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How positive is the feedback between climate change and the carbon cycle?
    • doi:10.1034/j.1600-0889.2003.01461.x
    • Friedlingstein, P., Dufresne, J. L., Cox, P. M. & Rayner, P. 2003 How positive is the feedback between climate change and the carbon cycle? Tellus B 55, 692-700. (doi:10.1034/j.1600-0889.2003.01461.x)
    • (2003) Tellus B , vol.55 , pp. 692-700
    • Friedlingstein, P.1    Dufresne, J.L.2    Cox, P.M.3    Rayner, P.4
  • 34
    • 33748415537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Greenpeace International
    • Greenpeace International 2006 Eating up the Amazon. See http://www.greenpeace.org/raw/content/international/press/reports/ eating-up-the-amazon.pdf.
    • (2006) Eating up the Amazon. See
  • 35
    • 34249107080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical forests and climate policy
    • doi:10.1126/science.1136163
    • Gullison, R. E. et al. 2007 Tropical forests and climate policy. Science 316, 985-986. (doi:10.1126/science.1136163)
    • (2007) Science , vol.316 , pp. 985-986
    • Gullison, R.E.1
  • 37
    • 20644437512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soybeans, development and conservation on the Amazon Frontier
    • doi:10.1111/j.0012-155X.2005. 00415.x
    • Hecht, S. B. 2005 Soybeans, development and conservation on the Amazon Frontier. Dev. Change 36, 375-404. (doi:10.1111/j.0012-155X.2005. 00415.x)
    • (2005) Dev. Change , vol.36 , pp. 375-404
    • Hecht, S.B.1
  • 38
    • 0028980370 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal soil water storage changes beneath central Amazonian rainforest and pasture
    • doi:10.1016/0022-1694(94) 02672-X
    • Hodnett, M. G., da Silva, L. P., da Rocha, H. R. & Cruz Senna, R. C. 1995 Seasonal soil water storage changes beneath central Amazonian rainforest and pasture. J. Hydrol. 170, 233-254. (doi:10.1016/0022-1694(94) 02672-X)
    • (1995) J. Hydrol , vol.170 , pp. 233-254
    • Hodnett, M.G.1    da Silva, L.P.2    da Rocha, H.R.3    Cruz Senna, R.C.4
  • 39
    • 0030613865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire in Amazonian selectively logged rain forest and the potential for fire reduction
    • doi:10.1890/1051-0761(1997)007[0713:FIASLR]2.0.CO;2
    • Holdsworth, A. R. & Uhl, C. 1997 Fire in Amazonian selectively logged rain forest and the potential for fire reduction. Ecol. Appl. 7, 713-725. (doi:10.1890/1051-0761(1997)007[0713:FIASLR]2.0.CO;2)
    • (1997) Ecol. Appl , vol.7 , pp. 713-725
    • Holdsworth, A.R.1    Uhl, C.2
  • 40
    • 0034688257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annual fluxes or carbon from deforestation and regrowth in the Brazilian Amazon
    • doi:10.1038/35002062
    • Houghton, R. A., Skole, D. L., Nobre, C. A., Hackler, J. L., Lawrence, K. T. & Chomentowski, W. H. 2000 Annual fluxes or carbon from deforestation and regrowth in the Brazilian Amazon. Nature 403, 301-304. (doi:10.1038/35002062)
    • (2000) Nature , vol.403 , pp. 301-304
    • Houghton, R.A.1    Skole, D.L.2    Nobre, C.A.3    Hackler, J.L.4    Lawrence, K.T.5    Chomentowski, W.H.6
  • 41
    • 63449120240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística IBGE
    • Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) 2005 Producão Pecuária Municipal. See http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br/bda/ pesquisas/ppm/default.asp?o=19&i=P.
    • (2005) Producão Pecuária Municipal. See
  • 44
    • 84930472676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new solution for old problems in Brazil: Crop-livestock rotation with zero tillage as a sustainable land management tool
    • Special
    • Landers, J., Clay, J. & Weiss, J. 2005 A new solution for old problems in Brazil: crop-livestock rotation with zero tillage as a sustainable land management tool. Sociedade e Natureza, Special Issue, 661-673.
    • (2005) Sociedade e Natureza , Issue.661-673
    • Landers, J.1    Clay, J.2    Weiss, J.3
  • 46
    • 6344231688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) - biology, ecology, and management
    • doi:10.1080/07352680490505114
    • MacDonald, G. E. 2004 Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) - biology, ecology, and management. Critic. Rev. Plant Sci. 23, 367-380. (doi:10.1080/07352680490505114)
    • (2004) Critic. Rev. Plant Sci , vol.23 , pp. 367-380
    • MacDonald, G.E.1
  • 47
    • 38349032784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change, deforestation and the fate of the Amazon
    • doi:10.1126/science.1146961
    • Malhi, Y., Timmons Roberts, J., Betts, R. A., Killeen, T. J., Li, W. & Nobre, C. A. 2008 Climate change, deforestation and the fate of the Amazon. Science 319, 169-172. (doi:10.1126/science.1146961)
    • (2008) Science , vol.319 , pp. 169-172
    • Malhi, Y.1    Timmons Roberts, J.2    Betts, R.A.3    Killeen, T.J.4    Li, W.5    Nobre, C.A.6
  • 48
    • 85020778855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marengo, J. A., Nobre, C. A., Tomasella, J., Oyama, M. D., Oliveira, G. S., Oliveira, R., Camargo, H., Alves, L. M. & Brown, I. F. In press. The drought of Amazonia in 2005. J. Clim.
    • Marengo, J. A., Nobre, C. A., Tomasella, J., Oyama, M. D., Oliveira, G. S., Oliveira, R., Camargo, H., Alves, L. M. & Brown, I. F. In press. The drought of Amazonia in 2005. J. Clim.
  • 52
    • 33751553722 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen to protein conversion factor for 10 cereals and 6 legumes or oilseeds - a reappraisal of its definition and determination - variation according to species and to see protein content
    • doi:10.1021/jf00091a004
    • Mosse, J. 1990 Nitrogen to protein conversion factor for 10 cereals and 6 legumes or oilseeds - a reappraisal of its definition and determination - variation according to species and to see protein content. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38, 18-24. (doi:10.1021/jf00091a004)
    • (1990) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.38 , pp. 18-24
    • Mosse, J.1
  • 53
    • 34247620756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large seasonal swings in leaf area of Amazon rainforests
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.0611338104
    • Myneni, R. B. et al. 2007 Large seasonal swings in leaf area of Amazon rainforests. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 4820-4823. (doi:10.1073/pnas.0611338104)
    • (2007) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.104 , pp. 4820-4823
    • Myneni, R.B.1
  • 54
    • 0028668993 scopus 로고
    • The role of deep roots in the hydrological and carbon cycles of Amazonian forests and pastures
    • doi:10.1038/372666a0
    • Nepstad, D. C. et al. 1994 The role of deep roots in the hydrological and carbon cycles of Amazonian forests and pastures. Nature 372, 666-669. (doi:10.1038/372666a0)
    • (1994) Nature , vol.372 , pp. 666-669
    • Nepstad, D.C.1
  • 55
    • 85020791691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nepstad, D. C., Jipp, P., Moutinho, P., Negreiros, G. & Vieira, S. 1995 Forest recovery following pasture abandonment in Amazônia: canopy seasonality, fire resistance and ants. In Evaluating and monitoring the health of large-scale ecosystems (eds D. Rapport, C. L. Caudet & P. Calow). NATO ASI series, pp. 333-349. Berlin, Germany: Springer.
    • Nepstad, D. C., Jipp, P., Moutinho, P., Negreiros, G. & Vieira, S. 1995 Forest recovery following pasture abandonment in Amazônia: canopy seasonality, fire resistance and ants. In Evaluating and monitoring the health of large-scale ecosystems (eds D. Rapport, C. L. Caudet & P. Calow). NATO ASI series, pp. 333-349. Berlin, Germany: Springer.
  • 56
    • 0030303748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of tree establishment in abandoned pasture and mature forest of eastern Amazonia
    • doi:10.2307/3545745
    • Nepstad, D. C., Uhl, C., Pereira, C. A. & Cardoso da Silva, J. M. 1996 A comparative study of tree establishment in abandoned pasture and mature forest of eastern Amazonia. Oikos 76, 25-39. (doi:10.2307/3545745)
    • (1996) Oikos , vol.76 , pp. 25-39
    • Nepstad, D.C.1    Uhl, C.2    Pereira, C.A.3    Cardoso da Silva, J.M.4
  • 57
    • 0039967047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-scale impoverishment of Amazonian forests by logging and fire
    • doi:10.1038/19066
    • Nepstad, D. C. et al. 1999 Large-scale impoverishment of Amazonian forests by logging and fire. Nature 398, 505-508. (doi:10.1038/19066)
    • (1999) Nature , vol.398 , pp. 505-508
    • Nepstad, D.C.1
  • 58
    • 0035575599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Road paving, fire regime feedbacks, and the future of Amazon forests
    • doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00511-4
    • Nepstad, D. C. et al. 2001 Road paving, fire regime feedbacks, and the future of Amazon forests. Forest Ecol. Manage. 154, 395-407. (doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00511-4)
    • (2001) Forest Ecol. Manage , vol.154 , pp. 395-407
    • Nepstad, D.C.1
  • 60
    • 33845487547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Globalization of the Amazon soy and beef industries: Opportunities for conservation
    • doi:10.1111/j.1523- 1739.2006.00510.x
    • Nepstad, D. C., Stickler, C. M. & Almeida, O. T. 2006a Globalization of the Amazon soy and beef industries: opportunities for conservation. Conserv. Biol. 20, 1595-1603. (doi:10.1111/j.1523- 1739.2006.00510.x)
    • (2006) Conserv. Biol , vol.20 , pp. 1595-1603
    • Nepstad, D.C.1    Stickler, C.M.2    Almeida, O.T.3
  • 62
    • 35548955108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality of large trees and lianas following experimental drought in an Amazon forest
    • doi:10.1890/06-1046. 1
    • Nepstad, D. C., Tohver, I. M., Ray, D., Moutinho, P. & Cardinot, G. 2007a Mortality of large trees and lianas following experimental drought in an Amazon forest. Ecology 88, 2259-2269. (doi:10.1890/06-1046. 1)
    • (2007) Ecology , vol.88 , pp. 2259-2269
    • Nepstad, D.C.1    Tohver, I.M.2    Ray, D.3    Moutinho, P.4    Cardinot, G.5
  • 63
    • 85020767340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nepstad, D. C., Soares-Filho, B., Merry, F., Moutinho, P., Bowman, M., Schwartzman, S., Almeida, O. & Rivero, S. 2007b The costs and benefits of reducing carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in the Brazilian Amazon. Woods Hole Research Center, Report released prior to the Bali UNFCCC Conference of the Parties, p. 28. See www.whrc.org.
    • Nepstad, D. C., Soares-Filho, B., Merry, F., Moutinho, P., Bowman, M., Schwartzman, S., Almeida, O. & Rivero, S. 2007b The costs and benefits of reducing carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in the Brazilian Amazon. Woods Hole Research Center, Report released prior to the Bali UNFCCC Conference of the Parties, p. 28. See www.whrc.org.
  • 64
    • 0001730153 scopus 로고
    • Amazonian deforestation and regional climate change
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1991)004!0957:ADARCCO2.0.CO;2
    • Nobre, C. A., Sellers, P. J. & Shukla, J. 1991 Amazonian deforestation and regional climate change. J. Clim. 4, 957-988. (doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1991)004!0957:ADARCCO2.0.CO;2)
    • (1991) J. Clim , vol.4 , pp. 957-988
    • Nobre, C.A.1    Sellers, P.J.2    Shukla, J.3
  • 65
    • 26044444064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydraulic redistribution in three Amazonian trees
    • doi:10.1007/s00442-005-0108-2
    • Oliveira, R. S., Dawson, T. E., Burgess, S. S. O. & Nepstad, D. C. 2005 Hydraulic redistribution in three Amazonian trees. Oecologia 145, 354-363. (doi:10.1007/s00442-005-0108-2)
    • (2005) Oecologia , vol.145 , pp. 354-363
    • Oliveira, R.S.1    Dawson, T.E.2    Burgess, S.S.O.3    Nepstad, D.C.4
  • 66
    • 1542545695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new climate-vegetation equilibrium state for tropical South America
    • doi:10.1029/2003GL018600
    • Oyama, M. D. & Nobre, C. A. 2003 A new climate-vegetation equilibrium state for tropical South America. Geophys. Res. Lett. 30, 2199. (doi:10.1029/2003GL018600)
    • (2003) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.30 , pp. 2199
    • Oyama, M.D.1    Nobre, C.A.2
  • 67
    • 20944431823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethanol production using corn, switchgrass, and wood; biodiesel production using soybean and sunflower
    • doi:10.1007/s11053-005-4679-8
    • Pimentel, D. & Patzek, T. W. 2005 Ethanol production using corn, switchgrass, and wood; biodiesel production using soybean and sunflower. Nat. Res. 14, 65-76. (doi:10.1007/s11053-005-4679-8)
    • (2005) Nat. Res , vol.14 , pp. 65-76
    • Pimentel, D.1    Patzek, T.W.2
  • 68
    • 26044433745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Micrometeorological and canopy controls of fire susceptibility in forested Amazon landscape
    • doi:10.1890/05-0404
    • Ray, D., Nepstad, D. & Moutinho, P. 2005 Micrometeorological and canopy controls of fire susceptibility in forested Amazon landscape. Ecol. Appl. 15, 1664-1678. (doi:10.1890/05-0404)
    • (2005) Ecol. Appl , vol.15 , pp. 1664-1678
    • Ray, D.1    Nepstad, D.2    Moutinho, P.3
  • 69
    • 35548961951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amazon forests green-up during 2005 drought
    • doi:10.1126/science.1146663
    • Saleska, S. R., Didan, K., Huete, A. R. & da Rocha, H. R. 2007 Amazon forests green-up during 2005 drought. Science 318, 612. (doi:10.1126/science.1146663)
    • (2007) Science , vol.318 , pp. 612
    • Saleska, S.R.1    Didan, K.2    Huete, A.R.3    da Rocha, H.R.4
  • 70
    • 35948957013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional climate change over eastern Amazonia caused by pasture and soybean cropland expansion
    • doi:10.1029/2007GL030612
    • Sampaio, G., Nobre, C., Costa, M. H., Satyamurty, P., Soares-Filho, B. S. & Cardoso, M. 2007 Regional climate change over eastern Amazonia caused by pasture and soybean cropland expansion. Geophys. Res. Lett. 34, L17709. (doi:10.1029/2007GL030612)
    • (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.34
    • Sampaio, G.1    Nobre, C.2    Costa, M.H.3    Satyamurty, P.4    Soares-Filho, B.S.5    Cardoso, M.6
  • 71
    • 24744471642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical deforestation and the Kyoto Protocol: An editorial essay
    • doi:10.1007/s10584- 005-8074-6
    • Santilli, M. P., Moutinho, P., Schwartzman, S., Nepstad, D. C., Curran, L. & Nobre, C. 2005 Tropical deforestation and the Kyoto Protocol: an editorial essay. Clim. Change 71, 267-276. (doi:10.1007/s10584- 005-8074-6)
    • (2005) Clim. Change , vol.71 , pp. 267-276
    • Santilli, M.P.1    Moutinho, P.2    Schwartzman, S.3    Nepstad, D.C.4    Curran, L.5    Nobre, C.6
  • 73
    • 41649092337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Foreign Agricultural Service/Production Estimates and Crop Assessment Division. See
    • Shean, M. J. 2004 The Amazon: Brazil's final soybean frontier. US Foreign Agricultural Service/Production Estimates and Crop Assessment Division. See http://www.fas.usda.gov/pecad/highlights/2004/01/Amazon/Amazon_soybeans.htm.
    • (2004) The Amazon: Brazil's final soybean frontier
    • Shean, M.J.1
  • 74
    • 33646520104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud and rain processes in biosphere-atmosphere interaction context in the Amazon region
    • doi:10.1029/2001JD000335
    • Silva Dias, M. A. F. et al. 2002 Cloud and rain processes in biosphere-atmosphere interaction context in the Amazon region. J. Geophys. Res. 107, 8072. (doi:10.1029/2001JD000335)
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res , vol.107 , pp. 8072
    • Silva Dias, M.A.F.1
  • 75
    • 33645017956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling conservation in the Amazon basin
    • doi:10.1038/nature04389
    • Soares-Filho, B. S. et al. 2006 Modelling conservation in the Amazon basin. Nature 440, 520-523. (doi:10.1038/nature04389)
    • (2006) Nature , vol.440 , pp. 520-523
    • Soares-Filho, B.S.1
  • 76
    • 0033594511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased El Niño frequency in a climate model forced by future greenhouse warming
    • doi:10.1038/19505
    • Timmermann, A., Oberhuber, J., Bacher, A., Esch, M., Latif, M. & Roeckner, E. 1999 Increased El Niño frequency in a climate model forced by future greenhouse warming. Nature 398, 694-697. (doi:10.1038/19505)
    • (1999) Nature , vol.398 , pp. 694-697
    • Timmermann, A.1    Oberhuber, J.2    Bacher, A.3    Esch, M.4    Latif, M.5    Roeckner, E.6
  • 77
    • 0031428944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • El Niño and climate change
    • doi:10.1029/97GL03092
    • Trenberth, K. E. & Hoar, T. J. 1997 El Niño and climate change. Geophys. Res. Lett. 24, 3057-3060. (doi:10.1029/97GL03092)
    • (1997) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.24 , pp. 3057-3060
    • Trenberth, K.E.1    Hoar, T.J.2
  • 78
    • 0025205458 scopus 로고
    • Deforestation, fire susceptibility and potential tree responses to fire in the eastern Amazon
    • doi:10.2307/1940299
    • Uhl, C. & Kauffman, J. B. 1990 Deforestation, fire susceptibility and potential tree responses to fire in the eastern Amazon. Ecology 71, 437-449. (doi:10.2307/1940299)
    • (1990) Ecology , vol.71 , pp. 437-449
    • Uhl, C.1    Kauffman, J.B.2
  • 79
    • 0024923083 scopus 로고
    • Ecological impacts of selective logging in the Brazilian Amazon: A case study from the Paragominas region of the state of Pará
    • doi:10.2307/ 2388700
    • Uhl, C. & Vieira, I. C. G. 1989 Ecological impacts of selective logging in the Brazilian Amazon: a case study from the Paragominas region of the state of Pará. Biotropica 21, 98-106. (doi:10.2307/ 2388700)
    • (1989) Biotropica , vol.21 , pp. 98-106
    • Uhl, C.1    Vieira, I.C.G.2
  • 81
    • 85020828835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United States Department of Agriculture USDA, Washington, DC: USDA
    • United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) 2007 Agricultural projections to 2016. OCE-2007-1. Washington, DC: USDA.
    • (2007) Agricultural projections to 2016. OCE-2007-1
  • 82
    • 85020782225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United States White House Office of Communications 2007 Twenty in ten: strengthening America's energy security. See http://www.whitehouse.gov/ stateoftheunion/2007/initiatives/energy.html.
    • United States White House Office of Communications 2007 Twenty in ten: strengthening America's energy security. See http://www.whitehouse.gov/ stateoftheunion/2007/initiatives/energy.html.
  • 83
    • 84859116620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Losing forests to fuel cars: Ethanol sugarcane threatens Brazil's Wooded Savanna
    • 31 July
    • Valle, S. 2007 Losing forests to fuel cars: ethanol sugarcane threatens Brazil's Wooded Savanna. The Washington Post, 31 July.
    • (2007) The Washington Post
    • Valle, S.1
  • 84
    • 85020833851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wald, M. L. & Barrionuevo, A. 2007 Ethanol goals in U.S. prove hard to reach. The New York Times, 16 April.
    • Wald, M. L. & Barrionuevo, A. 2007 Ethanol goals in U.S. prove hard to reach. The New York Times, 16 April.
  • 87
    • 38949116847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Brazilian sugarcane ethanol experience
    • Washington, DC: Competitive Enterprise Institute. See
    • Xavier, M. R. 2007 The Brazilian sugarcane ethanol experience. Issue analysis no. 3. Washington, DC: Competitive Enterprise Institute. See http://www.cei.org/pdf/5774.pdf.
    • (2007) Issue analysis no. 3
    • Xavier, M.R.1
  • 88
    • 85020837567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 16 March. Washington, DC: U.S. Congressional Research Service
    • Yacobucci, B. D., Schnepf, R. 2007 Ethanol and biofuels, 16 March. Washington, DC: U.S. Congressional Research Service.
    • (2007) Ethanol and biofuels
    • Yacobucci, B.D.1    Schnepf, R.2
  • 89
    • 85020766018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preço sobe, e plantio de soja beira record
    • São Paulo, 24 July
    • Zafalon, M. 2007 Preço sobe, e plantio de soja beira record. Folha de São Paulo, B10, 24 July.
    • (2007) Folha de
    • Zafalon, M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.