Oblivious spatio-temporal watermarking of digital video by exploiting the human visual system

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology

Volumn 18, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 326-337

  Koz, Alper ^a,b   Alatan, A Aydin ^a,b  

^a IEEE

^b MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

Author keywords

Human visual system (HVS); Temporal contrast thresholds; Video watermarking

Indexed keywords

DIGITAL WATERMARKING; FLICKERING; PROBLEM SOLVING; TEMPORAL LOGIC; VISUAL SERVOING;

HUMAN VISUAL SYSTEM (HVS); TEMPORAL CONTRAST THRESHOLDS; VIDEO WATERMARKING;

IMAGE CODING;

EID: 41649083022     PISSN: 10518215     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TCSVT.2008.918446     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. I. J. Cox, J. Kilian, T. Leighton, and T. Shamoon, "Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia," IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 1673-1687, Dec. 1997.
2. C. I. Podilchuk and W. Zeng, "Image-adaptive watermarking using visual models," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 525-539, May 1998.
3. D. Kundura and D. Hatzinakos, "A robust digital image watermarking method using wavelet-based fusion," in Proc. IEEE ICIP, Oct. 1997, vol. 1, pp. 544-547.
4. M. D. Swanson, B. Zhu, and A. H. Tewfik, "Transparent robust image watermarking," in Proc. SPIE Conf. Visual Commun. Image Process., 1996, pp. 211-214.
5. M. Kutter and S. Winkler, "A vision-based masking model for spread-spectrum image watermarking," IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 16-25, Jan. 2002.
6. C. S. Lu, S. K. Huang, C. J. Sze, and H. Y. M. Liao, "Cocktail watermarking for digital image protection," IEEE Trans. Multimedia, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 209-224, Dec. 2000.
7. C. S. Lu and H. Y. M. Liao, "Multipurpose watermarking for image authentication and protection," IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 10, no. 10, pp. 1579-1592, Oct. 2001.
8. G. Dor̈rr and J.-L. Dugelay, "A guide tour of video watermarking," Signal Process.: Image Commun., vol. 18, pp. 263-282, Apr. 2003.
9. G. C. Langelaar, I. Setyawan, and R. L. Lagendijk, "Watermarking digital image and video data," IEEE Signal Process. Mag., vol. 17, no. 9, pp. 20-46, Sep. 2000.
10. P. W. Chan, M. R. Lyu, and R. T. Chin, "A novel scheme for hybrid digital video watermarking: Approach, evaluation and experimentation," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 1638-1649, Dec. 2005.
11. K. Su, D. Kundur, and D. Hatzinakos, "Statistical invisibility for collusion-resistant digital video watermarking," IEEE Trans. Multimedia, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 43-51, Feb. 2005.
12. A. B. Watson, J. Hu, and J. F. McGowan, III, "DVQ: A digital video quality metric based on human vision," J. Electron. Imaging, vol. 10, pp. 20-29, Jan. 2001.
13. A. B. Watson, "Handbook of human perception and performance," in Temporal Sensitivity, K. Boff, L. Kaufmann, and J. Thomas, Eds. New York: Wiley, 1986, vol. 1, ch. 6.
14. R. L. Pickholtza, D. L. Schilling, and L. B. Millstein, "Theory of spread spectrum communications-a tutorial," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. COM-30, no. 5, pp. 855-884, May 1982.
15. A. B. Watson, "DCT quantization matrices visually optimized for individual images," in Proc. SPIE Human Vision, Visual Processing, and Digital Display IV, Sep. 1993, vol. 1913, pp. 202-216.
16. B. Zhu, A. H. Tewfik, and Ö. N. Gerek, "Low bit rate near-transparent image coding," in Proc. SPIE Int. Conf. on Wavelet Apps. for Dual Use, 1995, vol. 2491, pp. 173-184.
17. G. E. Legge and J. M. Foley, "Contrast masking in human vision," J. Opt. Soc. Amer., vol. 70, no. 12, pp. 1458-1471, 1980.
18. A. B. Watson, M. Taylor, and R. Borthwick, "Image quality and entropy masking," in Proc. SPIE, Human Vision, Visual Processing, and Digital Display VIII, 1997, vol. 3016, pp. 2-12.
19. S. Suthaharana, S. W. Kim, S. Sathananthan, H. K. Lee, and K. R. Rao, "Perceptually tuned robust watermarking scheme digital video using motion entropy masking," in Proc. IEEE ICCE, Los Angeles, CA, Jun. 1999, pp. 104-105.
20. Z. Wang and A. C. Bovik, "Embedded foveation image coding," IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 10, no. 10, pp. 1397-1410, Oct. 2001.
21. R. G. van Schyndel, A. Z. Tirkel, and C. F. Osborne, "A digital watermark," in Proc. IEEE ICIP, Nov. 1994, vol. 2, pp. 86-90.
22. S. Burgert, E. Koch, and J. Zhao, "Copyright labeling of digitized data," IEEE Commun. Mag., pp. 94-100, Mar. 1998.
23. H. Chiou-Ting and W. Ja-Ling, "DCT-based watermarking for video," IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 44, pp. 206-216, Feb. 1998.
24. M. Ejima and A. Miyazaki, "A wavelet based watermarking for digital images and video," in Proc. IEEE ICIP, vol. 3, pp. 678-681.
25. H. Inoue, A. Miyazaki, T. Araki, and T. Katsura, "A digital watermark method using the wavelet transform for video data," in Proc. IEEE ISCAS, vol. 4, pp. 247-250.
26. F. Deguillaume, G. Csurka, J. O'Ruanaidh, and T. Pun, "Robust 3-D DFT video watermarking," Proc. SPIE, vol. 3657, Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents I, pp. 113-124, Jan. 1999.
27. G. C. Langelaar, R. L. Lagendijk, and J. Biemond, "Real time labeling of MPEG-2 compressed video," J. Vis. Commun. Image Representation, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 256-270, Dec. 1998.
28. C. S. Lu, J. R. Chen, and K. C. Fan, "Real-time frame-dependent video watermarking in VLC domain," Signal Process.: Image Commun., vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 624-642, 2005.
29. S. Biswas, S. R. Das, and E. M. Petriu, "An adaptive compressed MPEG-2 video watermarking scheme," IEEE Trans, Instrum. Meas., vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 1853-1861, Oct. 2005.
30. S. Sakazawa, Y. Takishima, and Y. Nakajima, "H.264 native video watermarking method," in IEEE ISCAS, May 2006, p. 4.
31. G. C. Langelaar and R. L. Lagendijk, "Optimal differential energy watermarking of DCT encoded images and video," IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 148-158, Jan. 2001.
32. I. Setyawan and R. L. Lagendijk, "Extended differential energy watermarking (XDEW) algorithm, for low bit rate video watermarking," in Proc. 7th Annu. Conf. Adv. School in Computing and Imaging, 2001, pp. 202-209.
33. J. Zhang, J. Li, and L. Zhang, "Video watermarking technique in motion vector," in Proc. XIV Brazilian Symp. Comput. Graphics Image Process., Oct. 2001, pp. 179-182.
34. Y. Bado, N. Laurent, and J. L. Dugelay, "Watermarking video, hierarchical embedding in motion vectors," in Proc. IEEE ICIP, Sep. 2003, vol. 2, pp. 739-742.
35. M. Kutter, F. Jordan, and T. Ebrahimi, Proposal of a Watermarking Technique for Hiding/Retrieving Data Compressed and Decompressed Video ISO/IEC/JTC1/SC29/WG11/MPEG97/M2281, 1997.
36. R. B. Wolfgang, C. I. Podilchuk, and E. J. Delp, "Perceptual watermarks for digital images and video," Proc. IEEE, vol. 87, no. 7, pp. 1108-1126, Jul. 1998.
37. W. Zhu, Z. Xiong, and Y.-Q. Zhang, "Multiresolution watermarking for images and video," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 545-550, Jun. 1999.
38. X. Wu, W. Zh, Z. Xiong, and Y.-Q. Zhang, "Object based multiresolution watermarking of images and video," in Proc. IEEE ISCAS, May 2000, vol. 1, pp. 212-215.
39. P. Campisi and A. Neri, "Video watermarking in the 3D-DWT domain using perceptual masking," in Proc. IEEE ICIP, Sep. 2005, vol. 1, pp. 997-1000.
40. F. Hartung and B. Girod, "Watermarking of uncompressed and compressed video," Signal Process., vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 283-301, May 1998.
41. M. Maes, T. Kalker, J.-P. M. G. Linnartz, J. Talstra, F. G. Depovere, and J. Haitsma, "Digital watermarking for DVD video copy protection," IEEE Signal Process. Mag., vol. 17, no. 9, pp. 47-57, Sep. 2000.
42. A. Piva, R. Caldelli, and A. De Rosa, "A DWT based object watermarking system for MPEG-4 video streams," in Proc. IEEE ICIP, Sep. 2000, vol. 3, pp. 5-8.
43. T.-Y. Chung, M.-S. Hong, Y.-N. Oh, D.-H. Shin, and S.-H. Park, "Digital watermarking for copyright protection of MPEG2 Compressed video," IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 895-901, Aug. 1998.
44. P. Mas and B. Macq, "A new video-object watermarking scheme robust to object manipulation," in Proc. IEEE ICIP, Oct. 2001, vol. 3, pp. 526-529.
45. A. Koz and A. A. Alatan, "Foveated image watermarking," in Proc. IEEE ICIP, 2002, vol. 3, pp. 657-660.
46. M. D. Swanson, B. Zhu, and A. H. Tewfik, "Multiresolution scene-based video watermarking using perceptual models," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 540-550, May 1998.
47. J. Haitsma and T. Kalker, "A watermarking scheme for digital cinema," in Proc. IEEE ICIP, 2001, vol. 2, pp. 487-489.
48. Y. Zhao and R. L. Lagendijk, "Video watermarking scheme resistant to geometric attacks," in Proc. IEEE ICIP, vol. 2, pp. 145-148.
49. A. Koz and A. A. Alatan, "Oblivious video watermarking using temporal sensitivity of HVS," in Proc. IEEE ICIP, 2005, vol. 1, pp. 961-964.
50. A. A. Alatana, A. N. Akansu, and W. Wolf, "Multi-modal dialogue scene detection using hidden markov models for content-based multimedia indexing," Int. J. Multimedia Tools Appl., vol. 14, pp. 137-151, 2001.
51. J. G. Proakis, "Efficient signaling with coded waveforms," in Digital Communications, 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, ch. 5, pp. 396-399.